{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T14:26:02Z","timestamp":1780928762320,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Endosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-026-12819-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T14:27:54Z","timestamp":1775831274000},"page":"4684-4691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of proctoring on the learning curve of robotic-assisted low anterior resection: a multicenter retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Noda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rika","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsutoshi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Hisanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Fukuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terumitsu","family":"Sawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Nonaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keitaro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"12819_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-022-01373-1","volume":"16","author":"SW Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong SW, Crowe P (2022) Factors affecting the learning curve in robotic colorectal surgery. J Robot Surg 16:1249\u20131256","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"12819_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.4103\/jmas.jmas_179_23","volume":"21","author":"AV Gabarski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gabarski AV, Vladova PT, Karamanliev MP, Ramadanov N, Zlatarov AK, Kalinov TT (2025) Learning curve in robotic rectal cancer surgery: a national two-centre study. J Minim Access Surg 21:239\u2013244","journal-title":"J Minim Access Surg"},{"key":"12819_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3818-x","volume":"29","author":"SJ Baek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baek SJ, Kim CH, Cho MS, Bae SU, Hur H, Min BS, Baik SH, Lee KY, Kim NK (2015) Robotic surgery for rectal cancer can overcome difficulties associated with pelvic anatomy. Surg Endosc 29:1419\u20131424","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12819_CR4","first-page":"75","volume":"39","author":"A Abdelsamad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelsamad A (2022) Robotic-assisted surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery in treatment of T2 and T3 rectal cancer. Benha Med J 39:75\u201394","journal-title":"Benha Med J"},{"key":"12819_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-024-11503-5","volume":"39","author":"V G\u00fcnther","year":"2025","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther V, Nees F, Maass N, von Otte S, Ruchay Z, Pape J, Ackermann J, Alkatout I (2025) How effective and sustainable is proctoring in robotic surgery? A retrospective analysis based on interviews with surgeons. Surg Endosc 39:1985\u20131995","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12819_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-5292-0","volume":"31","author":"H Guend","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guend H, Widmar M, Patel S, Nash GM, Paty PB, Guillem JG, Temple LK, Garcia-Aguilar J, Weiser MR (2017) Developing a robotic colorectal cancer surgery program: understanding institutional and individual learning curves. Surg Endosc 31:2820\u20132828","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12819_CR7","unstructured":"Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery (2025) Guidelines for robotic surgery proctor certification. https:\/\/www.jsges.or.jp\/en\/robotic_proctor_guidelines. Accessed 27 Oct 2025"},{"key":"12819_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.17179","volume":"26","author":"MA Koc","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koc MA, Thomas MS, Mavrantonis S, Panteleimonitis S, Harper M, Sanjay C, Tou S, Shakil A, Farooq G, Ahmad M, Qureshi T, Parvaiz A (2024) Structured training pathway for robotic colorectal surgery: short-term outcomes from five UK centres. Colorectal Dis 26:1965\u20131970","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"12819_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3569-8","volume":"28","author":"EJ Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park EJ, Kim CW, Cho MS, Baik SH, Kim DW, Min BS, Lee KY, Kim NK (2014) Multidimensional analyses of the learning curve of robotic low anterior resection for rectal cancer: 3-phase learning process comparison. Surg Endosc 28:2821\u20132831","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12819_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-016-0613-9","volume":"11","author":"DK Bowen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bowen DK, Lindgren BW, Cheng EY, Gong EM (2017) Can proctoring affect the learning curve of robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty? Experience at a high-volume pediatric robotic surgery center. J Robot Surg 11:63\u201367","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"12819_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2023.0087","volume":"33","author":"M Murakami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murakami M, Yamada K, Onishi S, Harumatsu T, Baba T, Kuda M, Miyoshi K, Koga Y, Masuya R, Kawano T, Muto M, Hayashida M, Nakame K, Shinyama S, Kuwabata J, Tatsuta K, Yanagi Y, Hirose R, Shono T, Migita M, Kaji T, Takatsuki M, Nanashima A, Matsufuji H, Ieiri S (2023) Proctoring system of pediatric laparoscopic surgery for choledochal cyst. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 33:1109\u20131113","journal-title":"J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A"},{"key":"12819_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.06.003","volume":"219","author":"CA Green","year":"2020","unstructured":"Green CA, Chu SN, Huang E, Chern H, O\u2019Sullivan P (2020) Teaching in the robotic environment: use of alternative approaches to guide operative instruction. Am J Surg 219:191\u2013196","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"12819_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.06.043","volume":"176","author":"R Brian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brian R, Murillo A, Oh DS, Chern H, O\u2019Sullivan PS (2024) Comparing observed and preferred instruction in robotic surgery. Surgery 176:1072\u20131078","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"12819_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006759","volume":"5","author":"A Trehan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trehan A, Barnett-Vanes A, Carty MJ, McCulloch P, Maruthappu M (2015) The impact of feedback of intraoperative technical performance in surgery: a systematic review. BMJ Open 5:e006759","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"12819_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-1281-x","volume":"25","author":"MB Bokhari","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bokhari MB, Patel CB, Ramos-Valadez DI, Ragupathi M, Haas EM (2011) Learning curve for robotic-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc 25:855\u2013860","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12819_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ases.13420","volume":"18","author":"T Tominaga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tominaga T, Nonaka T, Takamura Y, Oishi K, Shiraishi T, Hashimoto S, Noda K, Ono R, Hisanaga M, Sawai T, Matsumono K (2025) Operator experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic rectal resection and the impact of using an extra arm on surgical outcomes. Asian J Endosc Surg 18:e13420","journal-title":"Asian J Endosc Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12819-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12819-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12819-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T13:52:49Z","timestamp":1780926769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12819-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["12819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12819-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-2794","1432-2218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-2794","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Keisuke Noda, Tetsuro Tominaga, Shintaro Hashimoto, Toshio Shiraishi, Rika Ono, Mitsutoshi Ishii, Makoto Hisanaga, Hidetoshi Fukuoka, Terumitsu Sawai, Takashi Nonaka, and Keitaro Matsumoto declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Nagasaki University Hospital. The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}]}}