{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:21:43Z","timestamp":1790220103590,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Endosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-026-12906-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:24:31Z","timestamp":1778873071000},"page":"4514-4528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Standardization of surgical gesture taxonomy: a SAGES Delphi consensus study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3752-584X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Clara","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya Amit","family":"Godbole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emaad","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Ballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Jarc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Van Amsterdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Schlachta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Donoho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay A.","family":"Redan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayson","family":"Marwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane S.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozanan","family":"Meireles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"De Backer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Mascagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"LaPlante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Sarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasiya","family":"Shchatsko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danyal M.","family":"Fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Romero","family":"Funes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimimasa","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nova","family":"Szoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara S.","family":"Lazzaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharona B.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Schnelldorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Krieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Filicori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"12906_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nwoye CI, Gonzalez C, Yu T, Mascagni P, Mutter D, Marescaux J, et al (2020) Recognition of instrument-tissue interactions in endoscopic videos via action triplets. 12263: 364\u201374. Available from: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.05405https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-59716-0_35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-59716-0_35"},{"issue":"6","key":"12906_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2021.3054828","volume":"68","author":"B Van Amsterdam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Amsterdam B, Clarkson MJ, Stoyanov D (2021) Gesture recognition in robotic surgery: a review. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 68(6):2021\u20132035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2021.3054828","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"12906_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01010-8","volume":"7","author":"D Kiyasseh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiyasseh D, Ma R, Haque TF, Miles BJ, Wagner C, Donoho DA et al (2023) A vision transformer for decoding surgeon activity from surgical videos. Nat Biomed Eng 7(6):780\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41551-023-01010-8","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"12906_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102433","volume":"78","author":"CI Nwoye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nwoye CI, Yu T, Gonzalez C, Seeliger B, Mascagni P, Mutter D et al (2022) Rendezvous: attention mechanisms for the recognition of surgical action triplets in endoscopic videos. Med Image Anal 78:102433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2022.102433","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"9","key":"12906_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4918","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-021-08578-9","volume":"35","author":"OR Meireles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meireles OR, Rosman G, Altieri MS, Carin L, Hager G, Madani A et al (2021) SAGES consensus recommendations on an annotation framework for surgical video. Surg Endosc 35(9):4918\u20134929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-021-08578-9","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12906_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-022-00738-y","author":"R Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma R, Ramaswamy A, Xu J, Trinh L, Kiyasseh D, Chu TN et al (2022) Surgical gestures as a method to quantify surgical performance and predict patient outcomes. NPJ Digit Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-022-00738-y","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"12906_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5538","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-025-11907-x","volume":"39","author":"RG Olsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olsen RG, Andersen AG, Hung AJ, Svendsen MBS, Dagn\u00e6s-Hansen JA, Konge L et al (2025) Untangling surgical gesture analysis\u2014are we even speaking the same language? a systematic review. Surg Endosc 39(9):5538\u20135557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-025-11907-x","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"12906_CR8","unstructured":"Gao Y, Vedula SS, Reiley CE, Ahmidi N, Varadarajan B, Lin HC, Tao L, Zappella L, B\u00e9jar B, Yuh DD, Chen CCG, Vidal R, Khudanpur S, Hager GD (2014) JHU-ISI Gesture and Skill Assessment Working Set (JIGSAWS): a surgical activity dataset for human motion modeling. In: MICCAI Workshop on Modeling and Monitoring of Computer Assisted Interventions (M2CAI), vol 3"},{"key":"12906_CR9","unstructured":"Nasriddinov F, Kocielnik R, Anandkumar A, Hung AJ (2025) Generating natural-language surgical feedback: from structured representation to domain-grounded evaluation. arXiv preprint. http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/arXiv:2511.15159"},{"issue":"9","key":"12906_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1222-1","volume":"10","author":"D Kati\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kati\u0107 D, Julliard C, Wekerle AL, Kenngott H, M\u00fcller-Stich BP, Dillmann R et al (2015) LapOntoSPM: an ontology for laparoscopic surgeries and its application to surgical phase recognition. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 10(9):1427\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-015-1222-1","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"12906_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2020.09.020","volume":"169","author":"AB Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen AB, Liang S, Nguyen JH, Liu Y, Hung AJ (2021) Machine learning analyses of automated performance metrics during granular sub-stitch phases predict surgeon experience. Surgery 169(5):1245\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2020.09.020","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"12906_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-022-09108-x","volume":"36","author":"Z Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Z, An J, Wu S, Cheng K, You J, Liu J et al (2022) Surgesture: a novel instrument based on surgical actions for objective skill assessment. Surg Endosc 36(8):6113\u20136121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-022-09108-x","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"12906_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-024-01902-0","volume":"18","author":"MX Otiato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Otiato MX, Ma R, Chu TN, Wong EY, Wagner C, Hung AJ (2024) Surgical gestures to evaluate apical dissection of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. J Robot Surg 18(1):245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-024-01902-0","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"key":"12906_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adt0187","author":"S Schmidgall","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schmidgall S, Opfermann JD, Kim JW, Krieger A (2025) Will your next surgeon be a robot? Autonomy and AI in robotic surgery. Sci Robot. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.adt0187","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"issue":"4","key":"12906_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100257","volume":"3","author":"B Mlambo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mlambo B, Shields M, Bach S, Bauer A, Hung A, Kudsi OY et al (2025) A standardized temporal segmentation framework and annotation resource library in robotic surgery. Mayo Clin Proc Digit Health 3(4):100257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcpdig.2025.100257","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc Digit Health"},{"key":"12906_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2020.09.005","volume":"22","author":"JW Collins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Collins JW, Ghazi A, Stoyanov D, Hung A, Coleman M, Cecil T et al (2020) Utilising an accelerated Delphi process to develop guidance and protocols for telepresence applications in remote robotic surgery training. Eur Urol Open Sci 22:23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euros.2020.09.005","journal-title":"Eur Urol Open Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"12906_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-022-01518-2","volume":"17","author":"JR Burke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burke JR, Fleming CA, King M, El-Sayed C, Bolton WS, Munsch C et al (2023) Utilising an accelerated Delphi process to develop consensus on the requirement and components of a pre-procedural core robotic surgery curriculum. J Robot Surg 17(4):1443\u20131455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-022-01518-2","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"12906_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-023-01807-4","volume":"18","author":"RG Olsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olsen RG, Svendsen MBS, Tolsgaard MG, Konge L, R\u00f8der A, Bjerrum F (2024) Surgical gestures can be used to assess surgical competence in robot-assisted surgery: a validity investigating study of simulated RARP. J Robot Surg 18(1):47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11701-023-01807-4","journal-title":"J Robot Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"12906_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001328","volume":"205","author":"R Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma R, Vanstrum EB, Nguyen JH, Chen A, Chen J, Hung AJ (2021) A novel dissection gesture classification to characterize robotic dissection technique for renal hilar dissection. J Urol 205(1):271\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000001328","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"12906_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24123840","volume":"24","author":"MJ P\u00e9rez-Salazar","year":"2024","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Salazar MJ, Caballero D, S\u00e1nchez-Margallo JA, S\u00e1nchez-Margallo FM (2024) Comparative study of ergonomics in conventional and robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Sensors Basel 24(12):3840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24123840","journal-title":"Sensors Basel"},{"issue":"104","key":"12906_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.adt5254","volume":"10","author":"JW Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim JW, Chen JT, Hansen P, Shi LX, Goldenberg A, Schmidgall S et al (2025) SRT-H: a hierarchical framework for autonomous surgery via language-conditioned imitation learning. Sci Robot 10(104):eadt5254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scirobotics.adt5254","journal-title":"Sci Robot"}],"container-title":["Surgical Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12906-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12906-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12906-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T13:53:17Z","timestamp":1780926797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12906-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["12906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-026-12906-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-2794","1432-2218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-2794","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Filicori and Dr. Ross are consultants for Boston Scientific. Dr. Filicori and Dr. Ross are consultants for Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Szoka is a consultant for CSATS and founder & shareholder of Endolumik Inc. Dr. Krieger is a founder of and holds equity in Semaphor Surgical. Dr. Hung and Dr. Ross are consultants for Medtronic. Dr. Ross is a consultant for Qventus, Caresyntax, and Histosonic. Dr. Ross is a consultant, proctor and member of the advisory board for Intuitive Surgical. Dr. Meireles is a consultant for Olympus Corporation. Dr. Filicori has received research grants from Intuitive Surgical. Dr. Donoho receives support from NIH (K23EB034110). Dr. Donoho is founder of Surgical Data Science Collective (SDTS). Dr. Mascagni is co-founder and shareholder of Scialytics. Maria Clara Morais, Aditya Amit Godbole, Emaad Iqbal, Mattia Ballo, Anthony Jarc, Beatrice Van Amsterdam, Brent Matthews, Christopher M. Schlachta, Daniel A. Hashimoto, Jay A Redan, Jayson Marwaha, Jon Gould, Liane S. Feldman, Pieter De Backer, Simon LaPlante, Ankit Sarin, Anastasiya Shchatsko, Danielle Walsh, Danyal M. Fer, David Romero Funes, Kimimasa Sasaki, Sara S. Lazzaretti, and Thomas Schnelldorfer have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosures"}}]}}