{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:03:11Z","timestamp":1789578191050,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surg Endosc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-026-13056-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T19:50:46Z","timestamp":1783453846000},"page":"7587-7597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep learning-based automatic identification model of main pancreatic duct in intraoperative ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Changtian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohui","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shien","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5170-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"13056_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000489641","volume":"34","author":"L Scholten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scholten L, van Huijgevoort NCM, van Hooft JE, Besselink MG, Del Chiaro M (2018) Pancreatic cystic neoplasms: different types, different management, new guidelines. Visceral Medicine 34:173\u2013177","journal-title":"Visceral Medicine"},{"key":"13056_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309638","volume":"65","author":"B Jais","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jais B, Rebours V, Malleo G, Salvia R, Fontana M, Maggino L, Bassi C, Manfredi R, Moran R, Lennon AM, Zaheer A, Wolfgang C, Hruban R, Marchegiani G, Fernandez Del Castillo C, Brugge W, Ha Y, Kim MH, Oh D, Hirai I, Kimura W, Jang JY, Kim SW, Jung W, Kang H, Song SY, Kang CM, Lee WJ, Crippa S, Falconi M, Gomatos I, Neoptolemos J, Milanetto AC, Sperti C, Ricci C, Casadei R, Bissolati M, Balzano G, Frigerio I, Girelli R, Delhaye M, Bernier B, Wang H, Jang KT, Song DH, Huggett MT, Oppong KW, Pererva L, Kopchak KV, Del Chiaro M, Segersvard R, Lee LS, Conwell D, Osvaldt A, Campos V, AgueroGarcete G, Napoleon B, Matsumoto I, Shinzeki M, Bolado F, Fernandez JM, Keane MG, Pereira SP, Acuna IA, Vaquero EC, Angiolini MR, Zerbi A, Tang J, Leong RW, Faccinetto A, Morana G, Petrone MC, Arcidiacono PG, Moon JH, Choi HJ, Gill RS, Pavey D, Ouaissi M, Sastre B, Spandre M, De Angelis CG, Rios-Vives MA, Concepcion-Martin M, Ikeura T, Okazaki K, Frulloni L, Messina O, Levy P (2016) Serous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: a multinational study of 2622 patients under the auspices of the international association of pancreatology and european pancreatic club (european study group on cystic tumors of the pancreas). Gut 65:305\u2013312","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"13056_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13318","volume":"35","author":"J Hofland","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hofland J, Falconi M, Christ E, Castano JP, Faggiano A, Lamarca A, Perren A, Petrucci S, Prasad V, Ruszniewski P, Thirlwell C, Vullierme MP, Welin S, Bartsch DK (2023) European neuroendocrine tumor society 2023 guidance paper for functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour syndromes. J Neuroendocrinol 35:e13318","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"13056_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.02.041","volume":"167","author":"TB Gardner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gardner TB, Park WG, Allen PJ (2024) Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts. Gastroenterology 167:454\u2013468","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"13056_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v10.i9.145","volume":"10","author":"G Lanke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lanke G, Ali FS, Lee JH (2018) Clinical update on the management of pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas. World J Gastrointest Endosc 10:145\u2013155","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"13056_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2023.02.014","volume":"25","author":"R Roesel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roesel R, Bernardi L, Bonino MA, Popeskou SG, Garofalo F, Cristaudi A (2023) Minimallyinvasive versus open pancreatic enucleation: systematic review and metanalysis of shortterm outcomes. HPB (Oxford) 25:603\u2013613","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"13056_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmas.jmas_182_21","volume":"19","author":"Z Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Z, He A, Wang J, Lu H, Rao S, Huang Y, Feng Q (2023) Minimally invasive enucleation versus open enucleation for benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic neoplasms: effects on clinical outcomes and quality of life. J Minim Access Surg 19:419426","journal-title":"J Minim Access Surg"},{"key":"13056_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-019-06967-9","volume":"33","author":"R Dalla Valle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dalla Valle R, Cremaschi E, Lamecchi L, Guerini F, Rosso E, Iaria M (2019) Open and minimally invasive pancreatic neoplasms enucleation: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 33:3192\u20133199","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"13056_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bassi C, Marchegiani G, Dervenis C, Sarr M, Abu Hilal M, Adham M, Allen P, Andersson R, Asbun HJ, Besselink MG, Conlon K, Del Chiaro M, Falconi M, Fernandez-Cruz L, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Fingerhut A, Friess H, Gouma DJ, Hackert T, Izbicki J, Lillemoe KD, Neoptolemos JP, Olah A, Schulick R, Shrikhande SV, Takada T, Takaori K, Traverso W, Vollmer CM, Wolfgang CL, Yeo CJ, Salvia R, Buchler M, International Study Group on Pancreatic S (2017) The 2016 update of the International Study Group (ISGPS) definition and grading of postoperative pancreatic fistula: 11 years after. Surgery 161:584\u2013591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2016.11.014"},{"key":"13056_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(14)60032-1","volume":"13","author":"YM Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou YM, Zhang XF, Wu LP, Su X, Li B, Shi LH (2014) Pancreatic fistula after central pancreatectomy: case series and review of the literature. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 13:203\u2013208","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"13056_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PARANOIA Study Group; Writing committee; Pande R, Halle-Smith JM, Phelan L, Thorne T, Panikkar M, Hodson J, Roberts KJ, Steering c, Arshad A, Connor S, Conlon KC, Dickson EJ, Giovinazzo F, Harrison E, de Liguori Carino N, Hore T, Knight SR, Loveday B, Magill L, Mirza D, Pandanaboyana S, Perry RJ, Pinkney T, Siriwardena AK, Satoi S, Skipworth J, Stattner S, Sutcliffe RP, Tingstedt B (2022) External validation of postoperative pancreatic fistula prediction scores in pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford) 24:287\u2013298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpb.2021.10.006"},{"key":"13056_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2021.06.001","author":"Q Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Q, Xie Q, Ge C, Zou X, Gao R, Liu Q, Kang K, Zhu L, Wang Q, Han X, Liao Q, Dai M, Zhang T, Wu W, Zhao Y (2021) Risk factors and prevention of postoperative pancreatic fistula after insulinoma enucleation: a retrospective study from a high-volume center. Pancreatology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pan.2021.06.001","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"13056_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15533506221092496","volume":"30","author":"W Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang W, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Kang Y, Xu Y, An L (2023) Intraoperative ultrasound guided robotic pancreatic enucleation, does a distance of 3mm still matters? Surg Innov 30:166175","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"13056_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1553350618790711","volume":"26","author":"F Di Benedetto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Benedetto F, Magistri P, Ballarin R, Tarantino G, Bartolini I, Bencini L, Moraldi L, Annecchiarico M, Guerra F, Coratti A (2019) Ultrasound-guided robotic enucleation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Surg Innov 26:37\u201345","journal-title":"Surg Innov"},{"key":"13056_CR15","first-page":"319","volume":"23","author":"A Barto\u0219","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barto\u0219 A, Iancu I, Ciobanu L, Badea R, Sp\u00e2rchez Z, Barto\u0219 DM (2021) Intraoperative ultrasound in liver and pancreatic surgery. Med Ultrason 23:319\u2013328","journal-title":"Med Ultrason"},{"key":"13056_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2022.102444","volume":"79","author":"X Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X, Wang X, Zhang K, Fung KM, Thai TC, Moore K, Mannel RS, Liu H, Zheng B, Qiu Y (2022) Recent advances and clinical applications of deep learning in medical image analysis. Med Image Anal 79:102444","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"13056_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456550","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2456550","volume":"2022","author":"L Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui L, Fan Z, Yang Y, Liu R, Wang D, Feng Y, Lu J, Fan Y (2022) Deep learning in ischemic stroke imaging analysis: a comprehensive review. Biomed Res Int 2022:2456550","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"13056_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.638182","volume":"11","author":"R Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang R, Yu Y (2021) Artificial convolutional neural network in object detection and semantic segmentation for medical imaging analysis. Front Oncol 11:638182","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"13056_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mijwil MM, Aggarwal K, Doshi R, Hiran KK, G\u00f6k M (2022) The distinction between R-CNN and fast RCNN in image analysis: A performance comparison. Asian J Appl Sci 10","DOI":"10.24203\/ajas.v10i5.7064"},{"key":"13056_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-020-00540-3","volume":"15","author":"DR Sarvamangala","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarvamangala DR, Kulkarni RV (2022) Convolutional neural networks in medical image understanding: a survey. Evol Intell 15:1\u201322","journal-title":"Evol Intell"},{"key":"13056_CR21","first-page":"6984","volume":"17","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ma Z, Liu X, Ma S, Ren K (2019) Privacy-preserving object detection for medical images with faster R-CNN. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 17:6984","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"issue":"874\u2013885","key":"13056_CR22","volume":"92","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhu L, Yao L, Ding X, Chen D, Wu H, Lu Z, Zhou W, Zhang L, An P, Xu B, Tan W, Hu S, Cheng F, Yu H (2020) Deep learning-based pancreas segmentation and station recognition system in EUS: development and validation of a useful training tool (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 92(874\u2013885):e873","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"13056_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.973652","volume":"12","author":"G Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian G, Xu D, He Y, Chai W, Deng Z, Cheng C, Jin X, Wei G, Zhao Q, Jiang T (2022) Deep learning for real-time auxiliary diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in endoscopic ultrasonography. Front Oncol 12:973652","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"13056_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.03.023","volume":"158","author":"F Faitot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Faitot F, Gaujoux S, Barbier L, Novaes M, Dokmak S, Aussilhou B, Couvelard A, Rebours V, Ruszniewski P, Belghiti J, Sauvanet A (2015) Reappraisal of pancreatic enucleations: a single-center experience of 126 procedures. Surgery 158:201\u2013210","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"13056_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2355-6","volume":"17","author":"T Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang T, Xu J, Wang T, Liao Q, Dai M, Zhao Y (2013) Enucleation of pancreatic lesions: indications, outcomes, and risk factors for clinical pancreatic fistula. J Gastrointest Surg 17:2099\u20132104","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"13056_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","volume":"39","author":"S Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2017) Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39:1137\u20131149","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"13056_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavrilescu R, Zet C, Fo\u0219al\u0103 u C, Skoczylas M, Cotovanu D (2018) Faster R-CNN: an approach to real-time object detection. 2018 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical and Power Engineering (EPE), IEEE, pp 0165\u20130168","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEPE.2018.8559776"},{"key":"13056_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.135","volume":"199","author":"P Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang P, Ergu D, Liu F, Cai Y, Ma B (2022) A Review of Yolo algorithm developments. Procedia computer science 199:1066\u20131073","journal-title":"Procedia computer science"},{"key":"13056_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.01.012","volume":"157","author":"Y Tian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tian Y, Yang G, Wang Z, Wang H, Li E, Liang Z (2019) Apple detection during different growth stages in orchards using the improved YOLO-V3 model. Comput Electron Agric 157:417\u2013426","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"13056_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01225-2","volume":"7","author":"S Protserov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Protserov S, Hunter J, Zhang H, Mashouri P, Masino C, Brudno M, Madani A (2024) Development, deployment and scaling of operating room-ready artificial intelligence for real-time surgical decision support. NPJ Digit Med 7:231","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"}],"container-title":["Surgical Endoscopy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-026-13056-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00464-026-13056-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00464-026-13056-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:17:57Z","timestamp":1789575477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00464-026-13056-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["13056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00464-026-13056-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0930-2794","1432-2218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0930-2794","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Changtian Li, Changsheng Zhang, Yi Zhao, Guanyu Wang, Yuanyuan Lu, Yingying Pan, Shien Xu, and Rong Liu have no conflict of interest or financial ties to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}