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The most prevalent form is that induced by shigatoxin producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (STEC) and, in some tropical regions, by <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> type\u00a01. STEC cause a zoonosis, are widely distributed in nature, enter the food chain in different ways, and show regional differences. Not all STEC are human pathogens. Enterohaemorrhagic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> usually cause attachment and effacing lesions in the intestine. This is not essential, but production of a shigatoxin (Stx) is. Because Stx are encoded by a bacteriophage, this property is transferable to na\u00efve strains. Laboratory methods have improved by identifying STEC either via the toxin or its bacteriophage. <jats:italic>Shigella dysenteriae<\/jats:italic> type\u00a01 produces shigatoxin, identical to Stx-1, but also has entero-invasive properties that enterohaemorrhagic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (EHEC) do not. Shigella patients risk bacteremia and benefit from early antibiotic treatment, unlike those with EHEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0820-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,20]],"date-time":"2008-05-20T06:08:34Z","timestamp":1211263714000},"page":"1425-1431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae type\u00a01-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Mark Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"820_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001581","volume":"70","author":"N Besbas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Besbas N, Karpman D, Landau D, Loirat C, Proesmans W, Remuzzi G, Rizzoni G, Taylor CM, Van de Kar N, Zimmerhackl LB (2006) A classification of hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and related disorders. 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