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Our objectives were to 1) estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension 6\u00a0years after neonatal congenital heart surgery and 2) determine if cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is associated with these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Two-center prospective, longitudinal single-visit cohort study including children with congenital heart disease surgery as neonates between January 2005 and December 2012. CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;\u200990\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or albumin\/creatinine \u22653\u00a0mg\/mmol) and hypertension (systolic or diastolic blood pressure \u2265\u200995th percentile for age, sex, and height) prevalence 6\u00a0years after surgery was estimated. The association of CS-AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition) with CKD and hypertension was determined using multiple regression.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty-eight children with median follow-up of 6\u00a0years were evaluated. CS-AKI occurred in 58%. CKD and hypertension prevalence were 17% and 30%, respectively; an additional 15% were classified as having elevated blood pressure. CS-AKI was not associated with CKD or hypertension. Classification as cyanotic postoperatively was the only independent predictor of CKD. Postoperative days in hospital predicted hypertension at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of CKD and hypertension is high in children having neonatal congenital heart surgery. This is important; early identification of CKD and hypertension can improve outcomes. These children should be systematically followed for the evolution of these negative outcomes. CS-AKI defined by current standards may not be a useful clinical tool to decide who needs follow-up and who does not.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04621-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T07:02:33Z","timestamp":1591254153000},"page":"2137-2145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Follow-up after neonatal heart disease repair: watch out for chronic kidney disease and hypertension!"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Louis","family":"Huynh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rodriguez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Benisty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Dancea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Garros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Hessey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Joffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Joffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Mackie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Palijan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Paun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Zappitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9169-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"4621_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan C , Zappitelli M, Robertson CMT, Alton G, Sauve R, Joffe A, Ross D,\u00a0 Rebeyka I,\u00a0Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow-Up Group\u00a0(2013) Risk factors for and outcomes of acute kidney injury in neonates undergoing complex cardiac surgery. 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