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Excretion of waste products by glomerular filtration made perfect sense when life evolved in the ocean. Yet, the associated loss of water and solutes became a problem when life moved onto land: a serious design change was needed and this occurred in the form of ever more powerful tubules that attached to the glomerulus. By reabsorbing typically more than 99% of the glomerular filtrate, the tubules not only minimise urinary losses, but, crucially, also maintain homeostasis: tubular reabsorption and secretion are adjusted so as to maintain an overall balance, in which urine volume and composition matches intake and environmental stressors. A whole orchestra of highly specialised tubular transport proteins is involved in this process and dysfunction of one or more of these results in the so-called kidney tubulopathies, characterised by specific patterns of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. In turn, recognition of these patterns helps establish a specific diagnosis and pinpoints the defective transport pathway. In this review, we will discuss these clinical and biochemical \u201cfingerprints\u201d of tubular disorders of salt-handling and how sodium handling affects volume homeostasis but also handling of other solutes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05098-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T09:03:02Z","timestamp":1624006982000},"page":"2553-2561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Tubulopathy meets Sherlock Holmes: biochemical fingerprinting of disorders of altered kidney tubular salt handling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5878-941X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Detlef","family":"Bockenhauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5098_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard C (1878) Le\u00e7ons sur les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux vegetaux","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.44802"},{"key":"5098_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1929.9.3.399","volume":"9","author":"WB Cannon","year":"1928","unstructured":"Cannon WB (1928) Organization for physiological homeostasis. 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