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In most cases, US remains the only necessary imaging modality. After pediatric kidney transplantation, US can ensure immediate bedside diagnosis of vessel patency and possible postoperative non-vascular complications. Criteria for US diagnosis of kidney vessel thrombosis and stenosis in the transplant will be presented. Non-vascular complications after kidney transplantation include hydronephrosis, hematoma, lymphocele, and abscess. US can detect suggestive, but nevertheless non-specific, acute signs (sudden increase in volume and elevated resistive index), and chronic rejection, which therefore remains a histological diagnosis. US is of little or no help in detection of tubular necrosis or drug toxicity, but it can exclude other differential diagnoses. This educational review provides a practical and systematic approach to a multimodal US investigation of the kidney transplant. It includes a short overview on possible indications for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in children after kidney transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05253-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T22:17:17Z","timestamp":1630707437000},"page":"1511-1522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The diagnostic value of Doppler ultrasonography after pediatric kidney transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8401-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Franke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"5253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.2.1760289","volume":"176","author":"D Brenner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brenner D, Elliston C, Hall E, Berdon W (2001) Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT. 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