{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:01:56Z","timestamp":1783612916874,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05736-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T09:02:36Z","timestamp":1663837356000},"page":"1159-1166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Epidemiology, severity, and risk of SARS-CoV-2-related relapse in children and young adults affected by idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a retrospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4833-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Morello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica Alessandra","family":"Vianello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bulgaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7350-4475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Montini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"5736_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30536-1","volume":"392","author":"DG Noone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noone DG, Iijima K, Parekh R (2018) Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Lancet 392:61\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30536-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"22","key":"5736_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-006-0316-Y","volume":"222","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Wada N, Murakami H, Funaki S, Inagaki T, Harada K, Nagata M (2007) Triggers of relapse in steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 22:232\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00467-006-0316-Y","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5736_CR3","unstructured":"WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard | WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard With Vaccination Data. https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/. Accessed 2 Jun 2022"},{"key":"5736_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2021.4217","volume":"176","author":"FS Dawood","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dawood FS, Porucznik CA, Veguilla V, Stanford JB, Duque J, Rolfes MA, Dixon A, Thind P, Hacker E, Castro MJE, Jeddy Z, Daugherty M, Altunkaynak K, Hunt DR, Kattel U, Meece J, Stockwell MS (2022) Incidence rates, household infection risk, and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection among children and adults in Utah and New York City, New York. JAMA Pediatr 176:59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2021.4217","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"5736_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30145-0","volume":"4","author":"M Marlais","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marlais M, Wlodkowski T, Vivarelli M, Pape L, T\u00f6nshoff B, Schaefer F, Tullus K (2020) The severity of COVID-19 in children on immunosuppressive medication. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 4:e17\u2013e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30145-0","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5736_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13120820","volume":"16","author":"A Mastrangelo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mastrangelo A, Morello W, Vidal E, Guzzo I, AnnicchiaricoPetruzzelli L, Benetti E, Materassi M, Giordano M, Pasini A, Corrado C, Puccio G, Chimenz R, Pecoraro C, Massella L, Peruzzi L, Montini G, COVID-19 Task Force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology (2020) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in children with CKD or immunosuppression. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 16:449\u2013451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.13120820","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5736_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00330121","volume":"16","author":"W Morello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morello W, Mastrangelo A, Guzzo I, Cusinato L, AnnicchiaricoPetruzzelli L, Benevenuta C, Martelli L, Dall\u2019Amico R, Vianello FA, Puccio G, Massella L, Benetti E, Pecoraro C, Peruzzi L, Montini G, COVID-19 Task Force of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology (2021) Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies in children with CKD or immunosuppression. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 16:1097\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.00330121","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5736_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05330-2","volume":"37","author":"W Morello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morello W, Vianello FA, Proverbio E, Peruzzi L, Pasini A, Montini G (2022) COVID-19 and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: systematic review of the literature and recommendations from a highly affected area. Pediatr Nephrol 37:757\u2013764","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5736_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-021-05218-1","volume":"37","author":"S Krishnasamy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krishnasamy S, Mantan M, Mishra K, Kapoor K, Brijwal M, Kumar M, Sharma S, Swarnim S, Gaind R, Khandelwal P, Hari P, Sinha A, Bagga A (2021) SARS-CoV-2 infection in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 37:849\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00467-021-05218-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5736_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vasconcelos MA, Mendon\u00e7a ACQ, Colosimo EA, Nourbakhsh N, Martelli-J\u00fanior H, Silva LR, Oliveira MCL, Pinhati CC, Mak RH, Sim\u00f5es E Silva AC, Oliveira EA (2022) Outcomes and risk factors for death among hospitalized children and adolescents with kidney diseases and COVID-19: an analysis of a nationwide database. Pediatr Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05588-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05588-0"},{"key":"5736_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02758-6\/ATTACHMENT\/FB9D1AF8-6927-48BD-B7B7-A5055C3743D5\/MMC1.PDF","volume":"398","author":"SSA Karim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karim SSA, Karim QA (2021) Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: a new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet 398:2126\u20132128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02758-6\/ATTACHMENT\/FB9D1AF8-6927-48BD-B7B7-A5055C3743D5\/MMC1.PDF","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5736_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2022.0945","volume":"176","author":"L Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang L, Berger NA, Kaelber DC, Davis PB, Volkow ND, Xu R (2022) Incidence Rates and clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the Omicron and Delta variants in children younger than 5 years in the US. JAMA Pediatr 176:811\u2013813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMAPEDIATRICS.2022.0945","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"5736_CR13","unstructured":"Sorveglianza integrata COVID-19: i principali dati nazionali. https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/coronavirus\/sars-cov-2-sorveglianza-dati. Accessed 18 Aug 2022"},{"key":"5736_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0356-x","volume":"43","author":"A Pasini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pasini A, Benetti E, Conti G, Ghio L, Lepore M, Massella L, Molino D, Peruzzi L, Emma F, Fede C, Trivelli A, Maringhini S, Materassi M, Messina G, Montini G, Murer L, Pecoraro C, Pennesi M (2017) The Italian Society for Pediatric Nephrology (SlNePe) consensus document on the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: part I \u2013diagnosis and treatment of the first episode and the first relapse. Ital J Pediatr 43:41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13052-017-0356-x","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"5736_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.KINT.2021.05.021\/ATTACHMENT\/D54815F6-C088-4C3F-A044-CFC19E0C0544\/MMC1.PDF","volume":"100","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group (2021) KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int 100:S1\u2013S276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.KINT.2021.05.021\/ATTACHMENT\/D54815F6-C088-4C3F-A044-CFC19E0C0544\/MMC1.PDF","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5736_CR16","unstructured":"Popolazione residente al 1\u00b0 gennaio\u202f: Per fascia di et\u00e0. http:\/\/dati.istat.it\/Index.aspx?QueryId=42869. Accessed 18 Aug 2022"},{"key":"5736_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-01171-2","volume":"35","author":"J Weinbrand-Goichberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weinbrand-Goichberg J, Ben Shalom E, Rinat C, Choshen S, Tzvi-Behr S, Frishberg Y, Becker-Cohen R (2022) COVID-19 in children and young adults with kidney disease: risk factors, clinical features and serological response. J Nephrol 35:121\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01171-2","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"5736_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2021.05.007","volume":"68","author":"JA Connelly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Connelly JA, Chong H, Esbenshade AJ, Frame D, Failing C, Secord E, Walkovich K (2021) Impact of COVID-19 on pediatric immunocompromised patients. Pediatr Clin North Am 68:1029\u20131054","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"5736_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMC2031364","volume":"383","author":"B Choi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Choi B, Choudhary MC, Regan J, Sparks JA, Padera RF, Qiu X, Solomon IH, Kuo HH, Boucau J, Bowman K, Adhikari UD, Winkler ML, Mueller AA, Hsu TY, Desjardins M, Baden LR, Chan BT, Walker BD, Lichterfeld M, Brigl M, Kwon DS, Kanjilal S, Richardson ET, Jonsson AH, Alter G, Barczak AK, Hanage WP, Yu XG, Gaiha GD, Seaman MS, Cernadas M, Li JZ (2020) Persistence and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in an immunocompromised host. N Engl J Med 383:2291\u20132293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMC2031364","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5736_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMC2202861","volume":"386","author":"EM Scherer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scherer EM, Babiker A, Adelman MW, Allman B, Key A, Kleinhenz JM, Langsjoen RM, Nguyen PV, Onyechi I, Sherman JD, Simon TW, Soloff H, Tarabay J, Varkey J, Webster AS, Weiskopf D, Weissman DB, Xu Y, Waggoner JJ, Koelle K, Rouphael N, Pouch SM, Piantadosi A (2022) SARS-CoV-2 evolution and immune escape in immunocompromised patientS. N Engl J Med 386:2436\u20132438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMC2202861","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5736_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07418-y","volume":"22","author":"P Ssentongo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ssentongo P, Ssentongo AE, Voleti N, Groff D, Sun A, Ba DM, Nunez J, Parent LJ, Chinchilli VM, Paules CI (2022) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic and severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 22:439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07418-y","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"5736_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2035195","volume":"11","author":"LL Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen LL, Chua GT, Lu L, Chan BP, Wong JS, Chow CC, Yu TC, Leung AS, Lam SY, Wong TW, Tsang HW, Wong IC, Chan KH, Yuen KY, Ip P, Kwan MY, To KK (2022) Omicron variant susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies induced in children by natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccine. Emerg Microbes Infect 11:543\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2022.2035195","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"5736_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.2022.7315","author":"SE Katz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katz SE, Edwards K (2022) Protecting children against omicron. JAMA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.2022.7315","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5736_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2107456","volume":"385","author":"RW Frenck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frenck RW, Klein NP, Kitchin N, Gurtman A, Absalon J, Lockhart S, Perez JL, Walter EB, Senders S, Bailey R, Swanson KA, Ma H, Xu X, Koury K, Kalina WV, Cooper D, Jennings T, Brandon DM, Thomas SJ, T\u00fcreci \u00d6, Tresnan DB, Mather S, Dormitzer PR, \u015eahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC, C4591001 Clinical Trial Group (2021) Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine in adolescents. N Engl J Med 385:239\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa2107456","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05736-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05736-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05736-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:19:06Z","timestamp":1676333946000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05736-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05736-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}