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However, recent studies in preterm children are conflicting, indicating structural changes but normal kidney function. This study therefore assessed kidney structure and function in a cohort of adolescents born very preterm with and without verified FGR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adolescents born very preterm with FGR and two groups with appropriate birthweight (AGA) were included; one matched for gestational week at birth and one born at term. Cortical and medullary kidney volumes and T1 and T2* mapping values were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Biochemical markers of kidney function and renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system (RAAS) activation were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Sixty-four adolescents were included (13\u201316\u00a0years; 48% girls). Very preterm birth with FGR showed smaller total (66 vs. 75\u00a0ml\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and medullary volume (19 vs. 24\u00a0ml\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) compared to term AGA. Corticomedullary volume ratio decreased from preterm FGR (2.4) to preterm AGA (2.2) to term AGA (1.9; p\u2009=\u20090.004). There were no differences in T1 or T2* values (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.34) or in biochemical markers (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2265\u20090.12) between groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FGR with abnormal fetal blood flow followed by very preterm birth is associated with smaller total kidney and medullary kidney volumes, but not with markers of kidney dysfunction or RAAS activation in adolescence. Decreased total kidney and medullary volumes may still precede a long-term decrease in kidney function, and potentially be used as a prognostic marker.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05785-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T09:05:48Z","timestamp":1669021548000},"page":"1855-1866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Fetal growth restriction followed by very preterm birth is associated with smaller kidneys but preserved kidney function in adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Liefke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Heijl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Steding-Ehrenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Morsing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Arheden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0041-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Hedstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-3029-2","volume":"7","author":"MM Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez MM, G\u00f3mez AH, Abitbol CL, Chandar JJ, Duara S, Zilleruelo GE (2004) Histomorphometric analysis of postnatal glomerulogenesis in extremely preterm infants. 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