{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T21:21:30Z","timestamp":1794000090571,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract\n<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Infants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) form a vulnerable population who are highly prone to mineral and bone disorders (MBD) including biochemical abnormalities, growth retardation, bone deformities, and fractures. We present a position paper on the diagnosis and management of CKD-MBD in infants based on available evidence and the opinion of experts from the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN) CKD-MBD and Dialysis working groups and the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes) questions were generated, and relevant literature searches performed covering a population of infants below 2\u00a0years of age with CKD stages 2\u20135 or on dialysis. Clinical practice points (CPPs) were developed and leveled using the American Academy of Pediatrics grading matrix. A Delphi consensus approach was followed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present 34 CPPs for diagnosis and management of CKD-MBD in infants, including dietary control of calcium and phosphate, and medications to prevent and treat CKD-MBD (native and active vitamin D, calcium supplementation, phosphate binders).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As there are few high-quality studies in this field, the strength of most statements is weak to moderate, and may need to be adapted to individual patient needs by the treating physician. Research recommendations to study key outcome measures in this unique population are suggested.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05825-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]],"date-time":"2023-02-14T11:52:15Z","timestamp":1676375535000},"page":"3163-3181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Diagnosis and management of mineral and bone disorders in infants with CKD: clinical practice points from the ESPN CKD-MBD and Dialysis working groups and the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0578-2529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justine","family":"Bacchetta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus Peter","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevcan A.","family":"Bakkaloglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Cleghorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"Leifheit-Nestler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Prytula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Ranchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Sch\u00f6n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Stabouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Van de Walle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Haffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rukshana","family":"Shroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"5825_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.09.024","volume":"69","author":"E Vidal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vidal E, van Stralen KJ, Chesnaye NC, Bonthuis M et al (2017) Infants requiring maintenance dialysis: outcomes of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 69:617\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.09.024","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"5825_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.561","volume":"86","author":"KJ van Stralen","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Stralen KJ, Borzych-Du\u017calka D, Hataya H, Kennedy SE et al (2014) Survival and clinical outcomes of children starting renal replacement therapy in the neonatal period. Kidney Int 86:168\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.561","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e615","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-0980","volume":"136","author":"WA Carey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carey WA, Martz KL, Warady BA (2015) Outcome of patients initiating chronic peritoneal dialysis during the first year of life. Pediatrics 136:e615\u2013e622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2015-0980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5825_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4056-6","volume":"34","author":"KR Sanderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanderson KR, Yu Y, Dai H, Willig LK et al (2019) Outcomes of infants receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis: an analysis of the USRDS registry. Pediatr Nephrol 34:155\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-018-4056-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2020.08.002","volume":"16","author":"A Dachy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dachy A, Bacchetta J, Sellier-Leclerc A-L, Dem\u00e8de D et al (2020) Long-term outcomes of peritoneal dialysis started in infants below 6 months of age: an experience from two tertiary centres. Nephrol Ther 16:424\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nephro.2020.08.002","journal-title":"Nephrol Ther"},{"key":"5825_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnephrol.2003.08.009","volume":"24","author":"IB Salusky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salusky IB, Kuizon BG, J\u00fcppner H (2004) Special aspects of renal osteodystrophy in children. Semin Nephrol 24:69\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semnephrol.2003.08.009","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04370-z","volume":"35","author":"L McAlister","year":"2020","unstructured":"McAlister L, Pugh P, Greenbaum L, Haffner D et al (2020) The dietary management of calcium and phosphate in children with CKD stages 2\u20135 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendation from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. Pediatr Nephrol 35:501\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04370-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01330210","volume":"5","author":"SA Bakkaloglu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bakkaloglu SA, Wesseling-Perry K, Pereira RC, Gales B et al (2010) Value of the new bone classification system in pediatric renal osteodystrophy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:1860\u20131866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.01330210","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa210","volume":"36","author":"SA Bakkaloglu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bakkaloglu SA, Bacchetta J, Lalayiannis AD, Leifheit-Nestler M et al (2021) Bone evaluation in paediatric chronic kidney disease: clinical practice points from the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology CKD-MBD and Dialysis working groups and CKD-MBD working group of the ERA-EDTA. Nephrol Dial Transplant 36:413\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa210","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04852-5","volume":"36","author":"CL Nelms","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nelms CL, Shaw V, Greenbaum LA, Anderson C et al (2021) Assessment of nutritional status in children with kidney diseases-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. Pediatr Nephrol 36:995\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04852-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30069-X","volume":"1","author":"JG Jetton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jetton JG, Boohaker LJ, Sethi SK, Wazir S et al (2017) Incidence and outcomes of neonatal acute kidney injury (AWAKEN): a multicentre, multinational, observational cohort study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 1:184\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(17)30069-X","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"5825_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e463","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3819","volume":"136","author":"DT Selewski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Selewski DT, Charlton JR, Jetton JG, Guillet R et al (2015) Neonatal acute kidney injury. Pediatrics 136:e463\u2013e473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-3819","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5825_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15539","volume":"110","author":"B Ranchin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ranchin B, Plaisant F, Dem\u00e8de D, de Guillebon JM et al (2021) Review: neonatal dialysis is technically feasible but ethical and global issues need to be addressed. Acta Paediatr 110:781\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.15539","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08481109","volume":"6","author":"LA Greenbaum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenbaum LA, Mu\u00f1oz A, Schneider MF, Kaskel F et al (2011) The association between abnormal birth history and growth in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.08481109","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq300","volume":"25","author":"D Franke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franke D, V\u00f6lker S, Haase S, Pavicic L et al (2010) Prematurity, small for gestational age and perinatal parameters in children with congenital, hereditary and acquired chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:3918\u20133924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfq300","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010121266","volume":"22","author":"MR Sutherland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sutherland MR, Gubhaju L, Moore L, Kent A et al (2011) Accelerated maturation and abnormal morphology in the preterm neonatal kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:1365\u20131374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2010121266","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10024-003-3029-2","volume":"7","author":"MM Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez MM, G\u00f3mez AH, Abitbol CL, Chandar JJ et al (2004) Histomorphometric analysis of postnatal glomerulogenesis in extremely preterm infants. Pediatr Dev Pathol 7:17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10024-003-3029-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"5825_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04712-2","volume":"36","author":"LA Hoogenboom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoogenboom LA, Wolfs TGAM, H\u00fctten MC, Peutz-Kootstra CJ et al (2021) Prematurity, perinatal inflammatory stress, and the predisposition to develop chronic kidney disease beyond oligonephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 36:1673\u20131681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04712-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","volume":"158","author":"PE Stevens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevens PE, Levin A, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Chronic Kidney Disease Guideline Development Work Group Members (2013) Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med 158:825\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5825_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1533-y","volume":"25","author":"DP Boer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boer DP, de Rijke YB, Hop WC, Cransberg K et al (2010) Reference values for serum creatinine in children younger than 1 year of age. Pediatr Nephrol 25:2107\u20132113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-010-1533-y","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01640309","volume":"4","author":"GJ Schwartz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schwartz GJ, Work DF (2009) Measurement and estimation of GFR in children and adolescents. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4:1832\u20131843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.01640309","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"5825_CR22","first-page":"584","volume":"5","author":"L Ardeshirpour","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ardeshirpour L, Cole DEC, Carpenter TO (2007) Evaluation of bone and mineral disorders. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 5(Suppl 1):584\u2013598","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"5825_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.008","volume":"47","author":"JLV Shaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaw JLV, Cohen A, Konforte D, Binesh-Marvasti T et al (2014) Validity of establishing pediatric reference intervals based on hospital patient data: a comparison of the modified Hoffmann approach to CALIPER reference intervals obtained in healthy children. Clin Biochem 47:166\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.008","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"5825_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010020192","volume":"22","author":"L Rees","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rees L, Azocar M, Borzych D, Watson AR et al (2011) Growth in very young children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:2303\u20132312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2010020192","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4886","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36975-z","volume":"9","author":"F Schaefer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schaefer F, Benner L, Borzych-Du\u017ca\u0142ka D, Zaritsky J et al (2019) Global variation of nutritional status in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis: a longitudinal study of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network. Sci Rep 9:4886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-36975-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5825_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.316","volume":"78","author":"D Borzych","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borzych D, Rees L, Ha IS, Chua A et al (2010) The bone and mineral disorder of children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 78:1295\u20131304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.316","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0040-7","volume":"21","author":"MG Seikaly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seikaly MG, Salhab N, Gipson D, Yiu V et al (2006) Stature in children with chronic kidney disease: analysis of NAPRTCS database. Pediatr Nephrol 21:793\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0040-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0348-3","volume":"22","author":"J Cansick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cansick J, Waller S, Ridout D, Rees L (2007) Growth and PTH in prepubertal children on long-term dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 22:1349\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0348-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05600809","volume":"5","author":"D Mekahli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mekahli D, Shaw V, Ledermann SE, Rees L (2010) Long-term outcome of infants with severe chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:10\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.05600809","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-2067-6","volume":"21","author":"R Shroff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shroff R, Rees L, Trompeter R, Hutchinson C et al (2006) Long-term outcome of chronic dialysis in children. Pediatr Nephrol 21:257\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-005-2067-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1070-z","volume":"18","author":"R Shroff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shroff R, Wright E, Ledermann S, Hutchinson C et al (2003) Chronic hemodialysis in infants and children under 2 years of age. Pediatr Nephrol 18:378\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-003-1070-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3272-6","volume":"31","author":"F Paglialonga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paglialonga F, Consolo S, Pecoraro C, Vidal E et al (2016) Chronic haemodialysis in small children: a retrospective study of the Italian Pediatric Dialysis Registry. Pediatr Nephrol 31:833\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3272-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(00)90044-1","volume":"136","author":"SE Ledermann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ledermann SE, Scanes ME, Fernando ON, Duffy PG et al (2000) Long-term outcome of peritoneal dialysis in infants. J Pediatr 136:24\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(00)90044-1","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr322","volume":"27","author":"E Vidal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vidal E, Edefonti A, Murer L, Gianoglio B et al (2012) Peritoneal dialysis in infants: the experience of the Italian Registry of Paediatric Chronic Dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:388\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfr322","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4055-7","volume":"34","author":"AJ Arenas Morales","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arenas Morales AJ, DeFreitas MJ, Katsoufis CP, Seeherunvong W et al (2019) Cinacalcet as rescue therapy for refractory hyperparathyroidism in young children with advanced chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 34:129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-018-4055-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.5414\/CN109871","volume":"92","author":"C Joseph","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joseph C, Shah S, Geer J, Juarez-Calderon M et al (2019) Cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism in end-stage renal disease patients below age 5 years. Clin Nephrol 92:279\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/CN109871","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0592-1","volume":"22","author":"TT Saarinen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saarinen TT, Arikoski P, Holmberg C, R\u00f6nnholm K (2007) Intermittent or daily administration of 1-alpha calcidol for nephrectomised infants on peritoneal dialysis? Pediatr Nephrol 22:1931\u20131938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-007-0592-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1260","volume":"114","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management","year":"2004","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management (2004) Classifying recommendations for clinical practice guidelines. Pediatrics 114:874\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004-1260","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5825_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz159","volume":"35","author":"J Bacchetta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bacchetta J, Schmitt CP, Ariceta G et al (2020) Cinacalcet use in paediatric dialysis: a position statement from the European society for paediatric nephrology and the chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders working group of the ERA-EDTA. Nephrol Dial Transplant 35:47\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfz159","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1002\/jimd.12134","volume":"42","author":"K Hohenfellner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hohenfellner K, Rauch F, Ariceta G, Bakkaloglu S et al (2019) Management of bone disease in cystinosis: statement from an international conference. J Inherit Metab Dis 42:1019\u20131029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jimd.12134","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"5825_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3048-z","volume":"31","author":"J Bacchetta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bacchetta J, Boivin G, Cochat P (2016) Bone impairment in primary hyperoxaluria: a review. Pediatr Nephrol 31:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3048-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1453-x","volume":"25","author":"J Bacchetta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bacchetta J, Fargue S, Boutroy S, Basmaison O et al (2010) Bone metabolism in oxalosis: a single-center study using new imaging techniques and biomarkers. Pediatr Nephrol 25:1081\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-010-1453-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.992","volume":"55","author":"V Matkovic","year":"1992","unstructured":"Matkovic V, Heaney RP (1992) Calcium balance during human growth: evidence for threshold behavior. Am J Clin Nutr 55:992\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/55.5.992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5825_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.177741","volume":"58","author":"DA Colantonio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Colantonio DA, Kyriakopoulou L, Chan MK, Daly CH et al (2012) Closing the gaps in pediatric laboratory reference intervals: a CALIPER database of 40 biochemical markers in a healthy and multiethnic population of children. Clin Chem 58:854\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2011.177741","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"5825_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx065","volume":"32","author":"R Shroff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shroff R, Wan M, Nagler EV, Bakkaloglu S et al (2017) Clinical practice recommendations for native vitamin D therapy in children with chronic kidney disease stages 2\u20135 and on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32:1098\u20131113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfx065","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05940611","volume":"7","author":"K Wesseling-Perry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wesseling-Perry K, Pereira RC, Tseng C-H, Elashoff R et al (2012) Early skeletal and biochemical alterations in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7:146\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.05940611","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.04.006","volume":"92","author":"M Ketteler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ketteler M, Block GA, Evenepoel P, Fukagawa M et al (2017) Executive summary of the 2017 KDIGO Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) Guideline Update: what\u2019s changed and why it matters. Kidney Int 92:26\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2017.04.006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa267","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa267","volume":"105","author":"A Ewert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ewert A, Leifheit-Nestler M, Hohenfellner K, B\u00fcscher A et al (2020) Bone and mineral metabolism in children with nephropathic cystinosis compared with other CKD entities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105:dgaa267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa267","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5825_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2019.101076","volume":"25","author":"A Sethi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sethi A, Priyadarshi M, Agarwal R (2020) Mineral and bone physiology in the foetus, preterm and full-term neonates. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 25:101076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2019.101076","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"5825_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.174","volume":"75","author":"HH Burris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burris HH, Van Marter LJ, McElrath TF, Tabatabai P et al (2014) Vitamin D status among preterm and full-term infants at birth. Pediatr Res 75:75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/pr.2013.174","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"5825_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16126","volume":"111","author":"S Laborie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laborie S, Denis A, Raverot V, Claris O et al (2021) A third of premature neonates displayed inadequate 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels before being discharged from a French neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr 111:104\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16126","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16088","volume":"111","author":"M Mathilde","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathilde M, Butin M, Pascal R, Plaisant F et al (2021) Local protocol helped to deliver vitamin D levels more accurately in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr 111:76\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.16088","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F560","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316330","volume":"104","author":"A Chinoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chinoy A, Mughal MZ, Padidela R (2019) Metabolic bone disease of prematurity: causes, recognition, prevention, treatment and long-term consequences. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 104:F560\u2013F566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316330","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"5825_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0978-6","volume":"18","author":"E Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali E, Rockman-Greenberg C, Moffatt M, Narvey M et al (2018) Caffeine is a risk factor for osteopenia of prematurity in preterm infants: a cohort study. BMC Pediatr 18:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-017-0978-6","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR55","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Nephrology and fluid\/electrolyte physiology; neonatology questions and controversies","author":"I Seri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seri I (2008) Acid-base homeostasis in the fetus and newborn. In: Oh W (ed) Nephrology and fluid\/electrolyte physiology; neonatology questions and controversies, 3rd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 85\u201395","edition":"3"},{"key":"5825_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S11","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.11.017","volume":"53","author":"KDOQI Work Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"KDOQI Work Group (2009) KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in children with CKD: 2008 update. Executive summary Am J Kidney Dis 53:S11\u2013S104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.11.017","journal-title":"Executive summary Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"5825_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.242","volume":"30","author":"JA Kraut","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kraut JA, Mishler DR, Singer FR, Goodman WG (1986) The effects of metabolic acidosis on bone formation and bone resorption in the rat. Kidney Int 30:694\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1986.242","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR58","first-page":"33","volume":"7","author":"K Kato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kato K, Morita I (2013) Promotion of osteoclast differentiation and activation in spite of impeded osteoblast-lineage differentiation under acidosis: effects of acidosis on bone metabolism. Biosci Trends 7:33\u201341","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"5825_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.05.006","volume":"92","author":"J Harambat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harambat J, Kunzmann K, Azukaitis K, Bayazit AK et al (2017) Metabolic acidosis is common and associates with disease progression in children with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 92:1507\u20131514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2017.05.006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07060619","volume":"15","author":"DD Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown DD, Roem J, Ng DK, Reidy KJ et al (2020) Low serum bicarbonate and CKD progression in children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 15:755\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07060619","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04081-4","volume":"180","author":"A de Lange","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Lange A, Maaskant JM, van Weissenbruch MM (2021) Is quantitative ultrasound a measure for metabolic bone disease in preterm-born infants? A prospective subcohort study. Eur J Pediatr 180:3009\u20133017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-021-04081-4","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.580314","volume":"9","author":"F Cavallo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cavallo F, Mohn A, Chiarelli F, Giannini C (2021) Evaluation of bone age in children: a mini-review. Front Pediatr 9:580314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.580314","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00724.x","volume":"53","author":"BD Kuizon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuizon BD, Goodman WG, J\u00fcppner H, Boechat I et al (1998) Diminished linear growth during intermittent calcitriol therapy in children undergoing CCPD. Kidney Int 53:205\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1998.00724.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1091-7","volume":"18","author":"CP Schmitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schmitt CP, Ardissino G, Testa S, Claris-Appiani A et al (2003) Growth in children with chronic renal failure on intermittent versus daily calcitriol. Pediatr Nephrol 18:440\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-003-1091-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs178","volume":"27","author":"KJ van Stralen","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Stralen KJ, Krischock L, Schaefer F, Verrina E et al (2012) Prevalence and predictors of the sub-target Hb level in children on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:3950\u20133957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfs178","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2270-1","volume":"28","author":"D Haffner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haffner D, Schaefer F (2013) Searching the optimal PTH target range in children undergoing peritoneal dialysis: new insights from international cohort studies. Pediatr Nephrol 28:537\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-012-2270-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04400-w","volume":"35","author":"J Bacchetta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bacchetta J (2020) Treatment of hyperphosphatemia: the dangers of high PTH levels. Pediatr Nephrol 35:493\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04400-w","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04399-0","volume":"35","author":"D Haffner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M (2020) Treatment of hyperphosphatemia: the dangers of aiming for normal PTH levels. Pediatr Nephrol 35:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04399-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.12.014","volume":"95","author":"P Sanchis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanchis P, Ho CY, Liu Y, Beltran LE et al (2019) Arterial \u201cinflammaging\u201d drives vascular calcification in children on dialysis. Kidney Int 95:958\u2013972. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2018.12.014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5825_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp570","volume":"25","author":"C Rinat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rinat C, Becker-Cohen R, Nir A, Feinstein S et al (2010) A comprehensive study of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiac function and vascular disease in children with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:785\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfp570","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.139","volume":"7","author":"CP Schmitt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmitt CP, Mehls O (2011) Mineral and bone disorders in children with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 7:624\u2013634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2011.139","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101086","volume":"25","author":"A Rayannavar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rayannavar A, Calabria AC (2020) Screening for metabolic bone disease of prematurity. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 25:101086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2020.101086","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"5825_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04623-2","volume":"36","author":"L Rees","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rees L, Shaw V, Qizalbash L, Anderson C et al (2021) Delivery of a nutritional prescription by enteral tube feeding in children with chronic kidney disease stages 2\u20135 and on dialysis-clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. Pediatr Nephrol 36:187\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04623-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666101","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.666101","volume":"9","author":"L Schmitz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmitz L, Hoermann P, Trutnau B, Jankauskiene A et al (2021) Enteral Ca-intake may be low and affects serum-PTH-levels in pre-school children with chronic kidney disease. Front Pediatr 9:666101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2021.666101","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05529-x","author":"V Shaw","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shaw V, Anderson C, Desloovere A, Greenbaum LA et al (2022) Nutritional management of the infant with chronic kidney disease stages 2\u20135 and on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05529-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000354711","volume":"124","author":"I Dasgupta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dasgupta I, Shroff R, Bennett-Jones D, McVeigh G et al (2013) Management of hyperphosphataemia in chronic kidney disease: summary of National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline. Nephron Clin Pract 124:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000354711","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"5825_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04571-x","volume":"35","author":"L McAlister","year":"2020","unstructured":"McAlister L, Silva S, Shaw V, Shroff R (2020) Dietary calcium intake does not meet the nutritional requirements of children with chronic kidney disease and on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 35:1915\u20131923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04571-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.263","volume":"9","author":"L Rees","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rees L (2013) Paediatrics: infant dialysis\u2014what makes it special? Nat Rev Nephrol 9:15\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2012.263","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2040474","volume":"2","author":"SA Abrams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abrams SA (2010) Calcium absorption in infants and small children: methods of determination and recent findings. Nutrients 2:474\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu2040474","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5825_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","volume":"50","author":"C Agostoni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli VP, De Curtis M et al (2010) Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 50:85\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3181adaee0","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"5825_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.951","volume":"37","author":"J Bronsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bronsky J, Campoy C, Braegger C (2018) ESPGHAN\/ESPEN\/ESPR\/CSPEN working group on pediatric parenteral nutrition \u00a0ESPGHAN\/ESPEN\/ESPR\/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: vitamins. Clin Nutr 37:2366\u20132378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.951","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5825_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.950","volume":"37","author":"W Mihatsch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mihatsch W, Fewtrell M, Goulet O, Molgaard C et al (2018) ESPGHAN\/ESPEN\/ESPR\/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Clin Nutr 37:2360\u20132365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.06.950","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5825_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e501","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30074-8","volume":"5","author":"S Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta S, Agarwal R, Aggarwal KC, Chellani H et al (2017) Complementary feeding at 4 versus 6 months of age for preterm infants born at less than 34 weeks of gestation: a randomised, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet Glob Health 5:e501\u2013e511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30074-8","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"5825_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31828f3c05","volume":"56","author":"C Braegger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Braegger C, Campoy C, Colomb V, Decsi T et al (2013) Vitamin D in the healthy European paediatric population. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 56:692\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31828f3c05","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"5825_CR85","first-page":"3408","volume":"11","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2013","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority (2013) Scientific opinion on nutrient requirements and dietary intakes of infants and young children in the European Union. EFSA J 11:3408","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"5825_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa369","author":"A Iyengar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iyengar A, Kamath N, Reddy HV, Sharma J et al (2020) Determining the optimal cholecalciferol dosing regimen in children with CKD: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa369","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05228-z","volume":"37","author":"S Nadeem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nadeem S, Tangpricha V, Ziegler TR, Rhodes JE et al (2022) Randomized trial of two maintenance doses of vitamin D in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 37:415\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05228-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e628","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3395","volume":"133","author":"CK Natarajan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Natarajan CK, Sankar MJ, Agarwal R, Pratap OT et al (2014) Trial of daily vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants. Pediatrics 133:e628-634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2012-3395","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5825_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.03.028","volume":"174","author":"P Fort","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fort P, Salas AA, Nicola T, Craig CM et al (2016) A comparison of 3 vitamin D dosing regimens in extremely preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr 174:132-138.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.03.028","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F161","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.80.3.f161","volume":"80","author":"MC Backstr\u00f6m","year":"1999","unstructured":"Backstr\u00f6m MC, M\u00e4ki R, Kuusela AL, Siev\u00e4nen H et al (1999) Randomised controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on bone density and biochemical indices in preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 80:F161\u2013F166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/fn.80.3.f161","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"5825_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmv110","volume":"62","author":"NB Mathur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mathur NB, Saini A, Mishra TK (2016) Assessment of adequacy of supplementation of vitamin D in very low birth weight preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial. J Trop Pediatr 62:429\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmv110","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"5825_CR92","first-page":"671","volume":"52","author":"P Alizadeh Taheri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alizadeh Taheri P, Sajjadian N, Beyrami B, Shariat M (2014) Prophylactic effect of low dose vitamin D in osteopenia of prematurity: a clinical trial study. Acta Med Iran 52:671\u2013674","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"key":"5825_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185950","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185950","volume":"12","author":"A Anderson-Berry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anderson-Berry A, Thoene M, Wagner J, Lyden E et al (2017) Randomized trial of two doses of vitamin D3 in preterm infants <32 weeks: dose impact on achieving desired serum 25(OH)D3 in a NICU population. PLoS One 12:e0185950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0185950","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5825_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.24552","volume":"55","author":"M Al-Beltagi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Beltagi M, Rowiesha M, Elmashad A, Elrifaey SM et al (2020) Vitamin D status in preterm neonates and the effects of its supplementation on respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol 55:108\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.24552","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"5825_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.016","volume":"112","author":"O Bozkurt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bozkurt O, Uras N, Sari FN, Atay FY et al (2017) Multi-dose vitamin D supplementation in stable very preterm infants: prospective randomized trial response to three different vitamin D supplementation doses. Early Hum Dev 112:54\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.07.016","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"5825_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04760511","volume":"7","author":"R Shroff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shroff R, Wan M, Gullett A, Ledermann S et al (2012) Ergocalciferol supplementation in children with CKD delays the onset of secondary hyperparathyroidism: a randomized trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7:216\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.04760511","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy012","volume":"33","author":"C Lerch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lerch C, Shroff R, Wan M, Rees L et al (2018) Effects of nutritional vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone and mineral metabolism in children with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 33:2208\u20132217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15064","volume":"88","author":"M Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wan M, Green B, Iyengar AA, Kamath N et al (2022) Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimisation of colecalciferol in paediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 88:1223\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.15064","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"21","key":"5825_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00092","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2021.03.010","volume":"S1051\u20132276","author":"M Harris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harris M, Varnell C, Taylor V, Tulley Nehus S et al (2021) Hypervitaminosis A in pediatric patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr S1051\u20132276(21):00092\u201300093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2021.03.010","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"5825_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2916-2","volume":"30","author":"B Manickavasagar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manickavasagar B, McArdle AJ, Yadav P, Shaw V et al (2015) Hypervitaminosis A is prevalent in children with CKD and contributes to hypercalcemia. Pediatr Nephrol 30:317\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-014-2916-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100885","volume":"16","author":"IB Salusky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Salusky IB, Goodman WG, Sahney S, Gales B et al (2005) Sevelamer controls parathyroid hormone-induced bone disease as efficiently as calcium carbonate without increasing serum calcium levels during therapy with active vitamin D sterols. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2501\u20132508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2004100885","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.12.039","volume":"47","author":"A-K Pieper","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pieper A-K, Haffner D, Hoppe B, Dittrich K et al (2006) A randomized crossover trial comparing sevelamer with calcium acetate in children with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 47:625\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2005.12.039","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"5825_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1328-1","volume":"25","author":"E Gonzalez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gonzalez E, Schomberg J, Amin N, Salusky IB et al (2010) Sevelamer carbonate increases serum bicarbonate in pediatric dialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 25:373\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-009-1328-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1448-6","volume":"19","author":"E Ferrara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrara E, Lemire J, Reznik VM, Grimm PC (2004) Dietary phosphorus reduction by pretreatment of human breast milk with sevelamer. Pediatr Nephrol 19:775\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-004-1448-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00063","volume":"33","author":"R Raaijmakers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raaijmakers R, Houkes LMW, Schr\u00f6der CH, Willems JL et al (2013) Pre-treatment of dairy and breast milk with sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate to reduce phosphate. Perit Dial Int 33:565\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3747\/pdi.2012.00063","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"5825_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3115-5","volume":"30","author":"JM Taylor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taylor JM, Oladitan L, Carlson S, Hamilton-Reeves JM (2015) Renal formulas pretreated with medications alters the nutrient profile. Pediatr Nephrol 30:1815\u20131823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3115-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"5825_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx080","volume":"32","author":"R Shroff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shroff R, Wan M, Nagler EV, Bakkaloglu S et al (2017) Clinical practice recommendations for treatment with active vitamin D analogues in children with chronic kidney disease stages 2\u20135 and on dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32:1114\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfx080","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR108","unstructured":"Bernardor J, Flammier S, Zagozdzon I, Lalayiannis A et al (2022) The use of cinacalcet in dialysis infants: data from a European survey. 19th IPNA Congress, Calgary, Canada."},{"key":"5825_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp211","volume":"24","author":"J Bacchetta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bacchetta J, Plotton I, Ranchin B, Vial T et al (2009) Precocious puberty and unlicensed paediatric drugs for severe hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24:2595\u20132598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfp211","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq074","volume":"25","author":"B Schaefer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schaefer B, Schlosser K, W\u00fchl E, Schall P et al (2010) Long-term control of parathyroid hormone and calcium-phosphate metabolism after parathyroidectomy in children with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25:2590\u20132595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfq074","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"5825_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9318-6","volume":"32","author":"K Schlosser","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schlosser K, Schmitt CP, Bartholomaeus JE, Suchan KL et al (2008) Parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism in children and adolescents. World J Surg 32:801\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-007-9318-6","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"5825_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0161-4","volume":"15","author":"J Drube","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drube J, Wan M, Bonthuis M, W\u00fchl E et al (2019) Clinical practice recommendations for growth hormone treatment in children with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 15:577\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0161-4","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05825-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05825-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05825-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,16]],"date-time":"2023-08-16T07:03:34Z","timestamp":1692169414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05825-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05825-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JB received consulting fees from Amgen and Bayer. JB is an investigator of the cinacalcet and etelcalcetide Amgen-sponsored trials. EV received consulting fees from Bellco-Medtronics and Alnylam. DH received speaker and\/or consulting fees from Amgen, Bayer, Biologix, Chiesi, and Kyowa Kirin, and research grants from Amgen, Chiesi, and Kyowa Kirin. CPS received consultancy honoraria from Baxter, Iperboreal Pharma, STADAPHARM, and lecturing honoraria from Fresenius. CPS is an investigator of the etelcalcetide Amgen-sponsored trial. SAB, MLN, BR, SS, SC, AP, AS, JVW, and RS have nothing to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}