{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:18:51Z","timestamp":1765484331840,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010744","name":"Hutchison Whampoa Limited","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001721","name":"Rijksuniversiteit Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005342","name":"Stichting Vrienden Beatrix Kinderziekenhuis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["StBKZ.1304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["StBKZ.1304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005342","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mildly increased albuminuria is common in the general adult population and is a strong predictor for cardiovascular events, even in otherwise healthy individuals. The underlying pathophysiological process could be endothelial dysfunction. Previously, we reported that increased albuminuria can also be found in 2-year-olds from the general population. We hypothesized that some individuals have constitutionally higher levels of albuminuria, possibly as an expression of early or inborn endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate longitudinal persistence of albuminuria from infancy into school age.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the population-based GECKO (Groningen Expert Center for Kids with Obesity) cohort, urine was collected from 816 children at the age of 2\u00a0years as well as 12\u00a0years (random urine and first morning void urine, respectively). We evaluated prevalence and persistence of increased albuminuria (<jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACR<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0mg\/mmol) at the two time points.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACR<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0mg\/mmol at 2 and 12\u00a0years of age was 31.9% (95% CI 28.7\u201335.2) and 3.1% (95% CI 2.0\u20134.5), respectively. <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACR<\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u20093\u00a0mg\/mmol at both 2 and 12\u00a0years of age was present in 540 children (66.2%). Only 9 children (3.5%) of the 260 children with an <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACR<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0mg\/mmol at 2\u00a0years had an <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>ACR<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0mg\/mmol at 12\u00a0years (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Albuminuria in 2-year-olds does largely not persist until the age of 12, indicating that albuminuria at 2\u00a0years of age is not a marker for constitutional endothelial dysfunction in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05850-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T11:02:46Z","timestamp":1674817366000},"page":"2897-2900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Longitudinal relationship between albuminuria in infancy and childhood"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Gracchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2112-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie M.","family":"van den Belt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2974-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Corpeleijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3434-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dick","family":"de Zeeuw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3126-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiddo J. L.","family":"Heerspink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7034-2861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henkjan J.","family":"Verkade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"5850_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","volume":"375","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium, Matsushita K, van der Velde M, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J, Gansevoort RT (2010) Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet 375:2073\u20132081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60674-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5850_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.550","volume":"79","author":"BC Astor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Astor BC, Matsushita K, Gansevoort RT, van der Velde M, Woodward M, Levey AS, Jong PE, Coresh J, Astor BC, Matsushita K, Gansevoort RT, van der Velde M, Woodward M, Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J, El-Nahas M, Eckardt KU, Kasiske BL, Wright J, Appel L, Greene T, Levin A, Djurdjev O, Wheeler DC, Landray MJ, Townend JN, Emberson J, Clark LE, Macleod A, Marks A, Ali T, Fluck N, Prescott G, Smith DH, Weinstein JR, Johnson ES, Thorp ML, Wetzels JF, Blankestijn PJ, van Zuilen AD, Menon V, Sarnak M, Beck G, Kronenberg F, Kollerits B, Froissart M, Stengel B, Metzger M, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P, Perna A, Heerspink HJ, Brenner B, de Zeeuw D, Rossing P, Parving HH, Auguste P, Veldhuis K, Wang Y, Camarata L, Thomas B, Manley T (2011) Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with mortality and end-stage renal disease. 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Kidney Int 80:93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.531","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5850_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.536","volume":"79","author":"M van der Velde","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Velde M, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey A, de Jong P, Gansevoort RT, van der Velde M, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey AS, de Jong PE, Gansevoort RT, Levey A, El-Nahas M, Eckardt KU, Kasiske BL, Ninomiya T, Chalmers J, Macmahon S, Tonelli M, Hemmelgarn B, Sacks F, Curhan G, Collins AJ, Li S, Chen SC, Hawaii Cohort KP, Lee BJ, Ishani A, Neaton J, Svendsen K, Mann JF, Yusuf S, Teo KK, Gao P, Nelson RG, Knowler WC, Bilo HJ, Joosten H, Kleefstra N, Groenier KH, Auguste P, Veldhuis K, Wang Y, Camarata L, Thomas B, Manley T (2011) Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int 79:1341\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.536","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5850_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.538132","volume":"112","author":"J Arnl\u00f6v","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arnl\u00f6v J, Evans JC, Meigs JB, Wang TJ, Fox CS, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, D\u2019Agostino RB, Vasan RS (2005) Low-grade albuminuria and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic individuals: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 112:969\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.105.538132","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5850_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00833.x","volume":"249","author":"HL Hillege","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hillege HL, Janssen WM, Bak AA, Diercks GF, Grobbee DE, Crijns HJ, Van Gilst WH, De Zeeuw D, De Jong PE (2001) Microalbuminuria is common, also in a nondiabetic, nonhypertensive population, and an independent indicator of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular morbidity. J Intern Med 249:519\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00833.x","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verhave JC, Gansevoort RT, Hillege HL, Bakker SJ, De Zeeuw D, de Jong PE; PREVEND Study Group (2004) An elevated urinary albumin excretion predicts de novo development of renal function impairment in the general population. 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Pediatr Nephrol 25:1131\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-010-1451-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05850-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05850-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05850-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T07:11:32Z","timestamp":1690873892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05850-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05850-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0931-041X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-198X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen, and written informed consent was obtained for all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"D.d.Z. is on advisory boards and\/or speaker for Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fresenius, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Travere Pharmaceuticals; in steering committees and\/or speaker for AbbVie and Janssen; and Data Safety and Monitoring Committees for Bayer. H.J.L.H. is a consultant for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chinook, CSL Pharma, Gilead, Janssen, Merck, Mundi Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Novo Nordisk, and Retrophin. He received research support from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Janssen. H.J.V. is a consultant for Ausnutria, Albireo AB, Mirum, Friesland Campina, Vivet, Intercept, GMP-Orphan, and Shire (each on ad interim basis), for which his institution is compensated. None of these activities are related to the topic of the present study. All other authors declare no competing interests. The results presented in this paper have not been published previously in whole or part, except as abstract.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}