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He introduced the terms \u201cdominant\u201d and \u201crecessive\u201d characters and determined their 3:1 ratio in the offspring of heterozygous \u201chybrid\u201d plants. This distribution allowed calculation of the number of the phenotype-determining \u201celements,\u201d i.e., the alleles, and has been used ever since to prove the monogenic origin of a disorder. The Mendelian inheritance of monogenic kidney disorders is still of great help in distinguishing them from those with multifactorial origin in clinical practice. Inheritance of most monogenic kidney disorders fits to Mendel\u2019s observations: the equal contribution of the two parents and the complete penetrance or the direct correlation between the frequency of the recessive character and the degree of inbreeding. Nevertheless, beyond the truth of these basic concepts, several observations have expanded their genetic characteristics. The extreme genetic heterogeneity, the pleiotropy of the causal genes and the role of modifiers in ciliopathies, the digenic inheritance and parental imprinting in some tubulopathies, and the incomplete penetrance and eventual interallelic interactions in podocytopathies, reflect this expansion. For all these reasons, the transmission pattern in a natural setting may depend not only on the \u201ccharacter\u201d but also on the causal gene and the variant. Mendel\u2019s passion for research combined with his modest personality and meticulous approach can still serve as an example in the work required to understand the non-Mendelian universe of genetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06238-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T10:01:54Z","timestamp":1701770514000},"page":"2049-2059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The dominant findings of a recessive man: from Mendel\u2019s kid pea to kidney"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0316-6212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n","family":"Tory","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901586106","volume":"106","author":"CA Driscoll","year":"2009","unstructured":"Driscoll CA, Macdonald DW, O\u2019Brien SJ (2009) From wild animals to domestic pets, an evolutionary view of domestication. 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