{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:27:34Z","timestamp":1784244454361,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic nephropathy may begin in childhood, but clinical kidney disease ascribable to this is uncommon in children with type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reviewed our experience of kidney biopsies in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 1995 and 2022, there were biopsies in 17 children, with various clinical indications for kidney biopsy, making this the largest series of biopsies in diabetic children with clinical kidney abnormalities. Four biopsies showed diabetic nephropathy, three showed the combination of diabetic nephropathy and IgA nephropathy, and ten showed a variety of conditions other than diabetic nephropathy: minimal change disease (2), membranous nephropathy (2), thin glomerular basement membrane lesion (2), non-glomerular chronic damage in Wolcott\u2013Rallison syndrome (2), acute pauciimmune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (1) and IgA nephropathy (1). Clinical clues of something other than diabetic nephropathy included acute kidney injury, microscopic haematuria or chronic kidney impairment with little or no proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome after a short duration of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We confirm that changes better known in adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus can occur in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: overt diabetic nephropathy either on its own or combined with other conditions and kidney disorders other than diabetic nephropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06254-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T20:02:16Z","timestamp":1703102536000},"page":"1865-1873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Kidney biopsy findings in children with diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Lasanthi","family":"Weerasooriya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4179-9480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Howie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Wakeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David V.","family":"Milford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6254_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09502-x","volume":"20","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Ren ZH, Qiang H, Wu J, Shen S, Zhang L, Lyu J (2020) Trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 and implications for diabetes mellitus prevention. 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All participants and\/or parents gave appropriate consent for kidney biopsy, and the children received standard care according to accepted unit protocols. All patient findings are anonymised.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}