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Our objective is to determine the recurrence and prognosis, demographic, clinical, and etiological characteristics of children with urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients\u2019 demographic data and medical history, serum\/urine biochemical and metabolic analysis, blood gas analysis, stone analysis, imaging findings, and medical\/surgical treatments were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 364 patients (male 187). Median age at diagnosis was 2.83 (IQR 0.83\u20138.08) years. The most common complaints were urinary tract infection (23%) and urine discoloration (12%). Sixty-two percent had a family history of stone disease. At least one metabolic disorder was found in 120 (88%) of 137 patients having all metabolic analyses: hypercalciuria was found in 45%, hypocitraturia in 39%, and hyperoxaluria in 37%. Anatomical abnormalities were detected in 18% of patients. Of 58 stones analyzed, 65.5% were calcium and 20.6% were cystine stones. Stone recurrence rate was 15% (55\/364). Older age (&gt;\u20095\u00a0years), family history of stone disease, stone size (\u2265\u20095\u00a0mm), and urinary system anatomical abnormalities were significantly associated with stone recurrence (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, respectively). In adjusted logistic regression analysis, stone size\u2009\u2265\u20095\u00a0mm (OR 4.85, 95% CI 2.53\u20139.3), presence of urinary system anatomical abnormalities (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.44\u20135.78), and family history of stone disease (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.19\u20134.86) had increased recurrence rate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All children with urolithiasis should be evaluated for factors affecting stone recurrence. Children at higher risk of recurrence need to be followed carefully.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06300-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T12:34:32Z","timestamp":1706186072000},"page":"2105-2113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Risk factors for recurrence in pediatric urinary stone disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferhan","family":"Demirtas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilg\u00fcn","family":"\u00c7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep Birsin","family":"\u00d6z\u00e7akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"Ak\u0131nc\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berk","family":"Burgu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fato\u015f","family":"Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6300_CR1","first-page":"1135","volume-title":"Pediatric kidney disease","author":"H Elizabeth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elizabeth H, Walid F (2016) Renal calculi. 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