{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:24:22Z","timestamp":1786980262345,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06422-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T14:03:38Z","timestamp":1717509818000},"page":"2979-2988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of rituximab and risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with childhood-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Yokota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3528-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichiro","family":"Fujinaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riku","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Sakuraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6422_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0220-4","volume":"49","author":"A Sinha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinha A, Hari P, Sharma PK, Gulati A, Kalaivani M, Mantan M, Dinda AK, Srivastava RN, Bagga A (2012) Disease course in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Indian Pediatr 49:881\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13312-012-0220-4","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"6422_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V85769","volume":"8","author":"P Tarshish","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tarshish P, Tobin JN, Bernstein J, Edelmann CM Jr (1997) Prognostic significance of the early course of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children. J Am Soc Nephol 8:769\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.V85769","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephol"},{"key":"6422_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-016-1313-5","volume":"21","author":"K Iijima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iijima K, Sako M, Nozu K (2017) Rituximab for nephrotic syndrome in children. Clin Exp Nephrol 21:193\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-016-1313-5","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1138-5","volume":"24","author":"D Mekahli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mekahli D, LiutkusA RB, Yu A, Bessenay L, Girardin E, Damme-Lombaerts RV, Palcoux JB, Cachat F, Lavocat MP, Bourdat-Michel G, Nobili F, Cochat P (2009) Long-term outcome of idiopathic steroid-resistance nephrotic syndrome: a multicenter study. Pediatr Nephrol 24:1525\u20131532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-009-1138-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0301-5","volume":"22","author":"KH Paik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paik KH, Lee BH, Cho HY, Kang HG, Ha IS, Cheong HI, Jin DK, Moon KC, Choi Y (2007) Primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis in children: clinical course and prognosis. Pediatr Nephrol 22:389\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0301-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.5935\/0101-2800.20130031","volume":"35","author":"A Zagury","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zagury A, Oliveira AL, Montalv\u00e3o JAA, Novaes RHL, S\u00e1 VM, Moraes CAP, Tavares MS (2013) Steroid-resistance idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: long-term follow-up and risk factors for end-stage renal disease. J Bras Nefrol 35:191\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0101-2800.20130031","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"key":"6422_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-2097-0","volume":"21","author":"DS Gipson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gipson DS, Chin H, Presler TP, Jennette C, Ferris ME, Massengill S, Gibson K, Thomas DB (2006) Differential risk of remission and ESRD in childhood FSGS. Pediatr Nephrol 21:344\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-005-2097-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0264-6","volume":"22","author":"AS Abeyagunawardena","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abeyagunawardena AS, Sebire NJ, Risdon RA, Dillon MJ, Rees L, Hoff WV, Kumarasiri PV, Trompeter RS (2007) Predictors of long-term outcome of children with idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Pediatr Nephrol 22:215\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0264-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04476-9","volume":"36","author":"JM Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee JM, Kronbichler A, Shin JI, Oh J (2021) Current understandings in treating children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 36:747\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04476-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4166-1","volume":"35","author":"K Kamei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamei K, Ishikura K, Sako M, Ito S, Nozu K, Iijima K (2020) Rituximab therapy for refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol 35:17\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-018-4166-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.008","volume":"197","author":"M Jellouli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jellouli M, Charfi R, Maalej B, Mahfoud A, Trabelsi S, Gargah T (2018) Rituximab in the management of pediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review. J Pediatr 197:191\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.01.008","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6422_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2765-z","volume":"29","author":"K Kamei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kamei K, Okada M, Sato M, Fujimaru T, Ogura M, Nakayama M, Kaito H, Iijima K, Ito S (2014) Rituximab treatment combined with methylprednisolone pulse therapy and immunosuppressants for childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 29:1181\u20131187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-014-2765-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3205-4","volume":"31","author":"K Kamei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamei K, Ishikura K (2016) Rituximab treatment for refractory steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 31:337\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3205-4","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021060794","volume":"33","author":"AJB Watts","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watts AJB, Keller KH, Lerner G, Rosales IVY, Collins AB, Sekulic M, Waikar SS, Chandraker A, Riella LV, Alexander MP, Troost JP, Chen J, Fermin D, Yee JL, Sampson MG, Beck LH, Henderson JM, Greka A, Rennke HG, Weins A (2022) Discovery of autoantibodies targeting nephrin in minimal change disease supports a novel etiology. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:238\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2021060794","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4145-6","volume":"34","author":"S Fujinaga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujinaga S, Nishino T, Umeda C, Tomii Y, Watanabe Y, Sakuraya K (2019) Long-term outcomes after treatment with rituximab for Japanese children with cyclosporine- and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 34:353\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-018-4145-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05739-3","volume":"38","author":"T Agnes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agnes T, Olivia B, Elisabeth H, Arvind B, Debbie SG, Susan S, Jack W, Khalid A, Sushmita B, Rajendra B, Melvin BF, Francisco C, Martin C, Deirdre H, Hee GK, Nakanishi K, Hesham S, Howard T, Hong X, Wendy C, Marina V, Dieter H, International Pediatric Nephrology Association (2023) IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 38:877\u2013919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05739-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1264-0","volume":"24","author":"Y Hamasaki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hamasaki Y, Yoshikawa N, Hattori S, Sasaki S, Iijima K, Nakanishi K, Matsuyama T, Ishikura K, Yata N, Kaneko T, Honda M, Japanese Study Group of Renal Disease (2009) Prospective 5-year follow-up of cyclosporine treatment in children with steroid-resistant nephrosis. Pediatr Nephrol 24:2177\u20132185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-009-1264-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011080775","volume":"23","author":"A Magnasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magnasco A, Ravani P, Edefonti A, Murer L, Ghio L, Belingheri M, Benetti E, Murtas C, Messina G, Massella L, Porcellini MG, Montagna M, Regazzi M, Scolari F, Ghiggeri GM (2012) Rituximab in children with resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 23:1117\u20131124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2011080775","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12804","volume":"58","author":"K Suyama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suyama K, Kawasaki Y, Miyazaki K, Kanno S, Ono A, Suzuki Y, Ohara S, Hosoya M (2016) Rituximab and low-dose cyclosporine combination therapy for steroid-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Pediatr Int 58:219\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.12804","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"6422_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.021","volume":"5","author":"R Sinha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sinha R, Banerjee S, Mukherjee A, Pradhan S, Akhtar S (2020) Early use of rituximab in calcineurin inhibitor-refractory and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 5:2354\u20132357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.021","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6422_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04760-8","volume":"35","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Fujinaga S, Endo A, Nakagawa M, Sakuraya K (2020) Baseline characteristics and long-term outcomes of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: impact of initial kidney histology. Pediatr Nephrol 35:2377\u20132381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04760-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04519-1","volume":"35","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Vivarelli M, Samuel S, Gipson D, Sinha A, Schaefer F, Hui NK, Boyer O, Saleem MA, Feltran L, Deile JM, Becker JU, Cano F, Xu H, Lim YN, Smoyer W, Anochie I, Nakanishi K, Hodson E, Haffner D (2020) IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 35:1529\u20131561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04519-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021111472","volume":"33","author":"EY Chan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan EY, Yu ELM, Angeletti A, Arslan Z, Basu B, Boyer O, Chan CY, Colucci M, Dorval G, Dossier C, Drovandi S, Ghiggeri GM, Gipson DS, Hamada R, Hogan J, Ishikura K, Kamei K, Kemper MJ, Ma AL, Parekh RS, Radhakrishnan S, Saini P, Shen Q, Sinha R, Subun C, Teo S, Vivarelli M, Webb H, Xu H, Yap HK, Tullus K (2022) long-term efficacy and safety of repeated rituximab to maintain remission in idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome: An international study. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:1193\u20131207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2021111472","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05652-9","volume":"38","author":"Y Inoki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Inoki Y, Nishi K, Sato M, Ogura M, Kamei K (2023) The association between hypogammaglobulinemia severity and infection risk in rituximab-treated patients with childhood-onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 38:451\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05652-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6422_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu258","volume":"30","author":"K Kamei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kamei K, Takahashi M, Fuyama M, Saida K, Machida H, Sato M, Ogura M, Ito S (2014) Rituximab-associated agranulocytosis in children with refractory idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: case series and review of literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30:91\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfu258","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6422_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07370715","volume":"11","author":"AK B\u00fcscher","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00fcscher AK, Beck BB, Melk A, Hoefele J, Kranz B, Bamborschke D, Baig S, Lange-Sperandio B, Jungraithmayr T, Weber LT, Kemper MJ, T\u00f6nshoff B, Hoyer PF, Konrad M, Weber S, German Pediatric Nephrology Association (GPN) (2016) Rapid response to cyclosporin A and favorable renal outcome in nongenetic versus genetic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:245\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07370715","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06422-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06422-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06422-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T11:06:31Z","timestamp":1724756791000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06422-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06422-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Center for Child Health and Development (approval no: 2021\u2013111).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Koichi Kamei has received research funding from the Public Foundation of Vaccination Research Center and the Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation; donations from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, Kyowa Kirin, Shionogi, Daiichi Sankyo, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical; and lecture fees from Terumo, Baxter, and Zenyaku Kogyo. The other authors have no conflict of interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}