{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:32:10Z","timestamp":1790652730627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":131,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06466-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T09:34:19Z","timestamp":1722591259000},"page":"25-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effects of higher dietary acid load: a narrative review with special emphasis in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9417-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L\u00f3pez","family":"Luzardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"6466_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefro.2018.10.005","volume":"39","author":"IA Osuna-Padilla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Osuna-Padilla IA, Leal-Escobar G, Garza-Garc\u00eda CA, Rodr\u00edguez-Castellanos FE (2019) Dietary acid load: mechanisms and evidence of its health repercussions. Nefrologia (Engl Ed) 39:343\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefro.2018.10.005","journal-title":"Nefrologia (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"6466_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515690X2211423","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690X221142352","volume":"27","author":"Naude MTech Hom DF,","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naude MTech Hom DF, (2022) Chronic sub-clinical systemic metabolic acidosis A review with implications for clinical practice. J Evid Based Integr Med 27:2515690X2211423525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2515690X221142352","journal-title":"J Evid Based Integr Med"},{"key":"6466_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509993047","volume":"103","author":"J Pizorno","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pizorno J, Frassetto KJ (2010) Diet-induced acidosis: is it real and clinically relevant? Br J Nutr 103:1185\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114509993047","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-024-02910-7","volume":"476","author":"ML Wie\u00ebrs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wie\u00ebrs ML, Beynon-Cobb B, Visser WJ, Attaye I (2024) Dietary acid load in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 476:427\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-024-02910-7","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"6466_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(97)90045-7","volume":"29","author":"RJ Alpern","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alpern RJ, Sakhaee K (1997) The clinical spectrum of chronic metabolic acidosis: homeostatic mechanisms produce significant morbidity. Am J Kidney Dis 29:291\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0272-6386(97)90045-7","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6466_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.576","volume":"68","author":"LA Frassetto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frassetto LA, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A (1998) Estimation of net endogenous noncarbonic acid production in humans from diet potassium and protein contents. Am J Clin Nutr 68:576\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.576","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017040470","volume":"28","author":"TD DuBose Jr","year":"2017","unstructured":"DuBose TD Jr (2017) Urine ammonium and preclinical acidosis in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:2258\u20132260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017040470","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017040422","volume":"29","author":"KL Raphael","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raphael KL (2018) Metabolic acidosis and subclinical metabolic acidosis in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:376\u2013382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017040422","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9060538","volume":"9","author":"RA Carnauba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carnauba RA, Baptistella AB, Paschoal V, H\u00fcbscher GH (2017) Diet-induced low-grade metabolic acidosis and clinical outcomes: a review. Nutrients 9:538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9060538","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.17541120","volume":"16","author":"DE Wesson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wesson DE (2021) The continuum of acid stress. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 16:1292\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.17541120","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2006.10719536","volume":"25","author":"R Jajoo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jajoo R, Song L, Rasmussen H et al (2006) Dietary acid-base balance, bone resorption, and calcium excretion. J Am Coll Nutr 25:224\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07315724.2006.10719536","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.1.131","volume":"79","author":"SA New","year":"2004","unstructured":"New SA, MacDonald HM, Campbell MK et al (2004) Lower estimates of net endogenous non-carbonic acid production are positively associated with indexes of bone health in premenopausal and perimenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 79:131\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/79.1.131","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042499","volume":"7","author":"CA Gunn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gunn CA, Weber JL, McGill AT, Kruger MC (2015) Increased intake of selected vegetables, herbs and fruit may reduce bone turnover in post-menopausal women. Nutrients 7:2499\u20132517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu7042499","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1254","volume":"83","author":"SA Lanham-New","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lanham-New SA (2006) Fruit and vegetables: the unexpected natural answer to the question of osteoporosis prevention? Am J Clin Nutr 83:1254\u20131255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1254","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168906","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168906","volume":"12","author":"R Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu R, Cao WT, Tian HY et al (2017) Greater intake of fruit and vegetables is associated with greater bone mineral density and lower osteoporosis risk in middle-aged and elderly adults. PLoS One 12:e0168906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168906","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6466_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.11.006","volume":"27","author":"C Passey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Passey C (2017) Reducing the dietary acid load: how a more alkaline diet benefits patients with chronic kidney disease. J Ren Nutr 27:151\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.11.006","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002036","volume":"71","author":"DE Wesson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wesson DE, Nathan T, Rose T et al (2006) Dietary protein induces endothelin-mediated kidney injury through enhanced intrinsic acid production. Kidney Int 71:210\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5002036","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.348","volume":"78","author":"DE Wesson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wesson DE, Simoni J (2010) Acid retention during kidney failure induces endothelin and aldosterone production which lead to progressive GFR decline, a situation ameliorated by alkali diet. Kidney Int 78:1128\u20131135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.348","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2014040332","volume":"26","author":"T Banerjee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banerjee T, Crews DC, Wesson DE et al (2015) High dietary acid load predicts ESRD among adults with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 26:1693\u20131700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2014040332","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1159\/000443746","volume":"42","author":"CM Rebholz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rebholz CM, Coresh J, Grams ME et al (2015) Dietary acid load and incident chronic kidney disease: results from the ARIC study. Am J Nephrol 42:427\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000443746","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-137","volume":"15","author":"T Banerjee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Banerjee T, Crews DC, Wesson DE et al (2014) Dietary acid load and chronic kidney disease among adults in the United States. BMC Nephrol 15:137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2369-15-137","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00240-005-0001-9","volume":"34","author":"A Trinchieri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trinchieri A, Lizzano R, Marchesotti F, Zanetti G (2006) Effect of potential renal acid load of foods on urinary citrate excretion in calcium renal stone formers. Urol Res 34:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00240-005-0001-9","journal-title":"Urol Res"},{"key":"6466_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.155","volume":"67","author":"A Trinchieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trinchieri A, Maletta A, Lizzano R, Marchesotti F (2013) Potential renal acid load and the risk of renal stone formation in a case-control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 67:1077\u20131080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2013.155","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01520216","volume":"11","author":"PM Ferraro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ferraro PM, Mandel EI, Curhan GC, Gambaro G, Taylor EN (2016) Dietary protein and potassium, diet-dependent net acid load, and risk of incident kidney stones. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:1834\u20131844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.01520216","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-JBN-3814","volume":"40","author":"CZW Tessaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tessaro CZW, Ramos CI, Heilberg IP (2018) Influence of nutritional status, laboratory parameters and dietary patterns upon urinary acid excretion in calcium stone formers. J Bras Nefrol 40:35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2175-8239-JBN-3814","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"key":"6466_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2015.2.105","volume":"87","author":"D Prezioso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prezioso D, Strazzullo P, Lotti T et al (2015) Dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. A review of CLU Working Group. Arch Ital Urol Androl 87:105\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/aiua.2015.2.105","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"key":"6466_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-013-3100-0","volume":"57","author":"G Fagherazzi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Bonnet F et al (2014) Dietary acid load and risk of type 2 diabetes: the E3N-EPIC cohort study. Diabetologia 57:313\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-013-3100-0","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"6466_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.225177","volume":"146","author":"S Akter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akter S, Kurotani K, Kashino I et al (2016) High dietary acid load score is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men: the Japan public health center-based prospective study. J Nutr 146:1076\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.115.225177","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.008","volume":"35","author":"S Akter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akter S, Eguchi M, Kuwahara K et al (2016) High dietary acid load is associated with insulin resistance: the Furukawa nutrition and health study. Clin Nutr 35:453\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050618","volume":"10","author":"L Della Guardia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Della Guardia L, Thomas MA, Cena H (2018) Insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis can be influenced by metabolic acid load. Nutrients 10:618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10050618","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","volume":"20","author":"MG Saklayen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saklayen MG (2018) The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep 20:12","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"6466_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.00670207","volume":"2","author":"NM Maalouf","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW et al (2007) Low urine pH: a novel feature of the metabolic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:883\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.00670207","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17111877","volume":"17","author":"R De la Iglesia","year":"2016","unstructured":"De la Iglesia R, Loria-Kohen V, Zulet MA et al (2016) Dietary strategies implicated in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 17:1877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17111877","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6466_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122406","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122406","volume":"10","author":"R Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan R, Wong VW, Chu WC et al (2015) Higher estimated net endogenous acid production may be associated with increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese adults in Hong Kong. PLoS One 10:e0122406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122406","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6466_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2018.06.005","volume":"42","author":"T Okamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Okamura T, Hashimoto Y, Hamaguchi M et al (2018) Low urine pH is a risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based longitudinal study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 42:570\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinre.2018.06.005","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6466_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6325","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02792","volume":"104","author":"LJM Alferink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alferink LJM, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Erler NS et al (2019) Diet-dependent acid load-the missing link between an animal protein-rich diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 104:6325\u20136337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-02792","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6466_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.135582","volume":"54","author":"L Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang L, Curhan GC, Forman JP (2009) Diet-dependent net acid load and risk of incident hypertension in United States women. Hypertension 54:751\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.135582","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"6466_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113419","volume":"12","author":"J Ostrowska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ostrowska J, Janiszewska J, Szostak-W\u0119gierek D (2020) Dietary acid load and cardiometabolic risk factors-a narrative review. Nutrients 12:3419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12113419","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4664","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15214664","volume":"15","author":"F Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin F, Zhang M, Wang R et al (2009) Association between dietary acid load and hypertension in Chinese adults: analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009. Nutrients 15:4664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15214664","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010103","volume":"10","author":"D Krupp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krupp D, Esche J, Mensink GBM, Klenow S, Thamm M, Remer T (2018) Dietary acid load and potassium intake associate with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence in a representative sample of the German adult population. Nutrients 10:103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10010103","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.03.009","volume":"29","author":"M Parohan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parohan M, Sadeghi A, Nasiri M et al (2019) Dietary acid load and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 29:665\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.03.009","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"6466_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu215","volume":"70","author":"R Chan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chan R, Leung J, Woo J (2015) Association between estimated net endogenous acid production and subsequent decline in muscle mass over four years in ambulatory older Chinese people in Hong Kong: a prospective cohort study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 70:905\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glu215","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"6466_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2203-7","volume":"24","author":"AA Welch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Skinner J et al (2013) A higher alkaline dietary load is associated with greater indexes of skeletal muscle mass in women. Osteoporos Int 24:1899\u20131908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-012-2203-7","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"6466_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17155332","volume":"17","author":"M Baranauskas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baranauskas M, Jablonskien\u0117 V, Abaravi\u010dius JA, Samsonien\u0117 L, Stukas R (2020) Dietary acid-base balance in high-performance athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:5332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17155332","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6466_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665113003698","volume":"73","author":"AA Welch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Welch AA (2014) Nutritional influences on age-related skeletal muscle loss. Proc Nutr Soc 73:16\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0029665113003698","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"6466_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/s0300-595x(83)80041-3","volume":"12","author":"DG Johnston","year":"1983","unstructured":"Johnston DG, Albert KG (1983) Acid-base balance in metabolic acidoses. Clin Endocrinol Metab 12:267\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0300-595x(83)80041-3","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6466_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00219-7","volume":"95","author":"T Remer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Remer T, Manz F (1995) Potential renal acid load of foods and its influence on urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc 95:791\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-8223(95)00219-7","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"6466_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104384","volume":"40","author":"AS Relman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Relman AS, Lennon EJ, Lemann J Jr (1961) Endogenous production of fixed acid and the measurement of the net balance of acid in normal subjects. J Clin Invest 40:1621\u20131630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI104384","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6466_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/21.5.451","volume":"21","author":"EJ Lennon","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lennon EJ, Lemann J Jr (1968) Influence of diet composition on endogenous fixed acid production. Am J Clin Nutr 21:451\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/21.5.451","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F493","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.1999.277.4.F493","volume":"277","author":"I Nissim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nissim I (1999) Newer aspects of glutamine\/glutamate metabolism: the role of acute pH changes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 277:F493\u2013F497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.1999.277.4.F493","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6466_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.576","volume":"68","author":"LA Frassetto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Frassetto LA, Todd KM, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A (1998) Estimation of endogenous noncarbonic acid production in humans from diet potassium and protein contents. Am J Clin Nutr 68:576\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.576","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/59.6.1356","volume":"59","author":"T Remer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Remer T, Manz F (1994) Estimation of the renal net acid excretion by adults consuming diets containing variable amounts of protein. Am J Clin Nutr 59:1356\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/59.6.1356","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.627519","volume":"54","author":"T Remer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Remer T, Krupp D, Shi L (2014) Dietary protein\u2019s and dietary acid load\u2019s influence on bone health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 54:1140\u20131150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2011.627519","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.16-118","volume":"61","author":"A Miki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miki A, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka M et al (2017) Urinary pH reflects dietary acid load in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem Nutr 61:74\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3164\/jcbn.16-118","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.006","volume":"99","author":"FG Gianella","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gianella FG, Prado VE, Poindexter JR (2021) Spot urinary citrate-to-creatinine ratio is a marker for acid-base status in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 99:208\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.07.006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020101509","volume":"32","author":"J Uribarri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uribarri J, Oh MS (2021) The urine anion gap: common misconceptions. J Am Soc Nephrol 32:1025\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020101509","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F521","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00048.2007","volume":"293","author":"LA Frassetto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frassetto LA, Morris RC Jr, Sebastian A (2007) Dietary sodium chloride intake independently predicts the degree of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in healthy humans consuming a net acid-producing diet. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293:F521\u2013F525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00048.2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6466_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1765","volume":"86","author":"AL G\u00fcnther","year":"2007","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther AL, Remer T, Kroke A, Buyken AE (2007) Early protein intake and later obesity risk: which protein sources at which time points throughout infancy and childhood are important for body mass index and body fat percentage at 7 years of age? Am J Clin Nutr 86:1765\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/86.5.1765","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy088","volume":"108","author":"CE Berryman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berryman CE, Lieberman HR, Fulgoni VL, Pasiakos SM (2018) Protein intake trends and conformity with the dietary reference intakes in the United States: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001\u20132014. Am J Clin Nutr 108:405\u2013413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy088","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15071683","volume":"15","author":"M Garcia-Iborra","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia-Iborra M, Castanys-Munoz E, Oliveros E, Ramirez M (2023) Optimal protein intake in healthy children and adolescents: evaluating current evidence. Nutrients 15:1683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15071683","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.19813\/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.03.007","volume":"50","author":"W Piao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Piao W, Yu D, Ju L et al (2021) Intakes of energy and macronutrients in 6\u201311 years old age group in 2016\u20132017 in China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 50:389\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19813\/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.03.007","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"},{"key":"6466_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.3305\/nh.2015.31.5.8187","volume":"31","author":"M L\u00f3pez-Sayers","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Sayers M, Bernal J, L\u00f3pez M (2015) Dietary potential renal acid load in Venezuelan children. Nutr Hosp 31:2054\u20132061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3305\/nh.2015.31.5.8187","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6466_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0687-3","volume":"74","author":"M L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez M, Moreno G, Lugo G, Marcano G (2020) Dietary acid load in children with chronic kidney disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 74(Suppl 1):57\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41430-020-0687-3","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR64","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez M (2009) Metabolic consequences of high protein diets. Anales Venezolanos de Nutrici\u00f3n 22:95\u2013104. Available at: http:\/\/ve.scielo.org\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0798-07522009000200007&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es. Accessed 22 Jul 2024"},{"key":"6466_CR65","unstructured":"Torres-C\u00e1rdenas M, Mendez B, Landaeta-Jimenez M, Vazquez-Ramirez M. (2011) Consumo de alimentos y estado nutricional seg\u00fan estrato socioecon\u00f3mico en una poblaci\u00f3n infantil de Caracas. Arch Venez Puer y Ped 74:2\u20139. http:\/\/www.scielo.org.ve\/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0004-06492011000200002&lng=es. Accessed 22 Jul 2024"},{"key":"6466_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2001274","volume":"5","author":"K Nolan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nolan K, Schell LM, Stark AD, G\u00f3mez MI (2002) Longitudinal study of energy and nutrient intakes for infants from low-income, urban families. Public Health Nutr 5:405\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2001274","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/1941406414549622","volume":"6","author":"SA Ramsay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramsay SA, Eskelsen AK, Branen LJ, Armstrong Shultz J, Plumb J (2014) Nutrient intake and consumption of fruit and vegetables in young children. ICAN 6:332\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1941406414549622","journal-title":"ICAN"},{"key":"6466_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980014001347","volume":"17","author":"C Lynch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lynch C, Kristjansdottir AG, Te Velde SJ et al (2014) Fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of 11-year-old children in ten European countries\u2013the PRO GREENS cross-sectional survey. Public Health Nutr 17:2436\u20132444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980014001347","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092160","volume":"15","author":"ES Darmawan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Darmawan ES, Kusuma D, Permanasari VY et al (2023) Beyond the plate: uncovering inequalities in fruit and vegetable intake across Indonesian districts. Nutrients 15:2160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15092160","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114522003324","volume":"130","author":"JM Chui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chui JM, Lacy KE, Zheng MJ et al (2023) Frequency and distribution of dietary energy, vegetable, fruit and discretionary food intakes in 18-month-old Australian children. Br J Nutr 130:513\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114522003324","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-022-01398-7","volume":"20","author":"W Zeidan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeidan W, Taweel H, Shalash A, Husseini A (2023) Consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents in Arab Countries: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 20:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-022-01398-7","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"6466_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4136","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194136","volume":"15","author":"M Senekal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Senekal M, Nel JH, Eksteen G, Steyn NP (2023) Dietary patterns, socio-demographic predictors and associations of dietary patterns with stunting and overweight\/obesity in 1\u201310-year-old children in two economically active provinces in South Africa. Nutrients 15:4136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15194136","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2023.50","volume":"12","author":"CA Liguori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liguori CA, Sharma NP, Docum\u00e9t PI et al (2023) Prevalence of healthy diet and activity behaviors among U.S. Latino preschool children living in an emerging Latino community. J Nutr Sci 12:e67. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jns.2023.50","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci"},{"key":"6466_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00158.x","volume":"58","author":"Y Boirie","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boirie Y, Broyer M, Gagnadoux MF et al (2000) Alterations of protein metabolism by metabolic acidosis in children with chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 58:236\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00158.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10040517","volume":"10","author":"L Frassetto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frassetto L, Banerjee T, Powe N, Sebastian A (2018) Acid balance, dietary acid load, and bone effects. A controversial subject Nutrients 10:517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10040517","journal-title":"A controversial subject Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR76","first-page":"398","volume":"21","author":"KC Lu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lu KC, Lin SH, Yu FC et al (1995) Influence of metabolic acidosis on serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels in chronic renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 21:398\u2013402","journal-title":"Miner Electrolyte Metab"},{"key":"6466_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000516558","volume":"94","author":"DD Brown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brown DD, Dauber A (2021) Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor dysregulation in pediatric chronic kidney disease. Horm Res Paediatr 94:105\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000516558","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"6466_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1159\/000073019","volume":"95","author":"R Rustom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rustom R, Wang B, McArdle F (2003) Oxidative stress in a novel model of chronic acidosis in LLC-PK1 cells. Nephron Exp Nephrol 95:e13-23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000073019","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2900","volume":"8","author":"JA Kellum","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kellum JA, Song M, Li J (2004) Science review: extracellular acidosis and the immune response: clinical and physiologic implications. Crit Care 8:331\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc2900","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"6466_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01623070","volume":"31","author":"F Manz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Manz F, Schmidt H (1992) Retrospective approach to explain growth retardation and urolithiasis in a child with long-term nutritional acid loading. Z Ernahrungswiss 31:121\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01623070","journal-title":"Z Ernahrungswiss"},{"key":"6466_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s394-001-8349-y","volume":"40","author":"H Kalhoff","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kalhoff H, Manz F (2001) Nutrition, acid-base status and growth in early childhood. Eur J Nutr 40:221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s394-001-8349-y","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00086","volume":"57","author":"J Green","year":"2000","unstructured":"Green J, Maor G (2000) Effect of metabolic acidosis on the growth hormone\/IGF-I endocrine axis in skeletal growth centers. Kidney Int 57:2258\u20132267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00086","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1261228","volume":"12","author":"E Carbajo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carbajo E, L\u00f3pez JM, Santos F et al (2001) Histologic and dynamic changes induced by chronic metabolic acidosis in the rat growth plate. J Am Soc Nephrol 12:1228\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.V1261228","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1007\/pl00013425","volume":"14","author":"FA Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez FA, Santos F, Mart\u00ednez V et al (2000) Resistance to growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in acidotic rats. Pediatr Nephrol 14:720\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/pl00013425","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR85","volume-title":"Transient renal tubular disfunction and failure to thrive in Venezuelan children","author":"M L\u00f3pez","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez M, Agrela AM, Quesada T, Reyes C (2001) Transient renal tubular disfunction and failure to thrive in Venezuelan children. Sept. Seattle, USA, XII Congress, International Pediatric Nephrology Association"},{"key":"6466_CR86","unstructured":"Espa\u00f1a A, Belisario L, Giannastacio B, L\u00f3pez M (2019) Composici\u00f3n de la dieta de ni\u00f1os con acidosis metab\u00f3lica y alteraciones del crecimiento. Arch Venez Puer y Ped (1):21\u201327. Available at: http:\/\/saber.ucv.ve\/ojs\/index.php\/revista_avpp\/article\/view\/25071. Accessed 22 Jul 2024"},{"key":"6466_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Belisario L, L\u00f3pez M (2022) Carga \u00e1cida potencial renal de la dieta y velocidad de crecimiento en ni\u00f1os de 6 meses a 11 a\u00f1os. Revista Cient\u00edfica CMDLT 16:e-213182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55361\/cmdlt.v16i1.182","DOI":"10.55361\/cmdlt.v16i1.182"},{"key":"6466_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15224821","volume":"15","author":"T Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiong T, Wu Y, Hu J et al (2023) Associations between high protein intake, linear growth, and stunting in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients 15:4821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15224821","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03608-6","volume":"78","author":"G Ellur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellur G, Sukhdeo SV, Khan MT, Sharan K (2021) Maternal high protein-diet programs impairment of offspring\u2019s bone mass through miR-24-1-5p mediated targeting of SMAD5 in osteoblasts. Cell Mol Life Sci 78:1729\u20131744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-020-03608-6","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"6466_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370218758275","volume":"243","author":"CM Herring","year":"2018","unstructured":"Herring CM, Bazer FW, Johnson GA, Wu G (2018) Impacts of maternal dietary protein intake on fetal survival, growth, and development. Exp Biol Med 243:525\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1535370218758275","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"6466_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1255","volume":"77","author":"T Remer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Remer T, Dimitriou T, Manz F (2003) Dietary potential renal acid load and renal net acid excretion in healthy, free-living children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 77:1255\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1255","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007000328","volume":"11","author":"U Alexy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alexy U, Kersting M, Remer T (2008) Potential renal acid load in the diet of children and adolescents: impact of food groups, age and time trends. Public Health Nutr 11:300\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980007000328","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1107","volume":"82","author":"U Alexy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Alexy U, Remer T, Manz F, Neu CM, Schoenau E (2005) Long-term protein intake and dietary potential renal acid load are associated with bone modeling and remodeling at the proximal radius in healthy children. Am J Clin Nutr 82:1107\u20131114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/82.5.1107","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.01.026","volume":"50","author":"L Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi L, Libuda L, Sch\u00f6nau E, Frassetto L, Remer T (2012) Long term higher urinary calcium excretion within the normal physiologic range predicts impaired bone status of the proximal radius in healthy children with higher potential renal acid load. Bone 50:1026\u20131031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2012.01.026","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"6466_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.112821","volume":"102","author":"AH Garcia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia AH, Franco OH, Voortman T (2015) Dietary acid load in early life and bone health in childhood: the Generation R Study. Am J Clin Nutr 102:1595\u20131603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.115.112821","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047829","volume":"97","author":"D Krupp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krupp D, Shi L, Maser-Gluth C et al (2013) 11\u03b2 Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and dietary acid load are independently associated with blood pressure in healthy children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 97:612\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.112.047829","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.331","volume":"85","author":"D Krupp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krupp D, Shi L, Remer T (2014) Longitudinal relationships between diet-dependent renal acid load and blood pressure development in healthy children. Kidney Int 85:204\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.331","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-020-00883-x","volume":"26","author":"Z Aslani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aslani Z, Bahreynian M, Namazi N et al (2021) Association of dietary acid load with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 26:555\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-020-00883-x","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"6466_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03541-6","volume":"22","author":"N Sorraya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sorraya N, Arab A, Talebi S (2022) The association between dietary acid load and adiposity measures among children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 22:484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-022-03541-6","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"6466_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10799","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15018-8","volume":"12","author":"M Rezazadegan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rezazadegan M, Mirzaei S, Asadi A (2022) Association between dietary acid load and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. Sci Rep 12:10799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-15018-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6466_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endien.2022.06.001","volume":"69","author":"Z Caferoglu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Caferoglu Z, Erdal B, Hatipoglu N, Kurtoglu S (2022) The effects of diet quality and dietary acid load on insulin resistance in overweight children and adolescents. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr 69:426\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.endien.2022.06.001","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR102","unstructured":"Rahbarinejad P, Movahedi A (2020) The association of dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. fh.srbiau.ac.ir 3:23\u201327. Available at: https:\/\/fh.srbiau.ac.ir\/article_16069_4c947a3c4f3ac4ae29d4f6a320e8c0b6.pdf. Accessed 22 Jul 2024"},{"key":"6466_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.150540","volume":"142","author":"D Krupp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krupp D, Johner SA, Kalhoff H, Buyken AE, Remer T (2012) Long-term dietary potential renal acid load during adolescence is prospectively associated with indices of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in young women. J Nutr 142:313\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/jn.111.150540","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050582","volume":"10","author":"J B\u00fchlmeier","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00fchlmeier J, Harris C, Koletzko S et al (2018) Dietary acid load and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents: results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohort studies. Nutrients 10:582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10050582","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2022.2099536","volume":"29","author":"F Ghasemi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghasemi F, Abbasi K, Ghiasvand R, Clark CCT, Rouhani MH (2023) The association between dietary acid load and risk of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study. Child Neuropsychol 29:474\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09297049.2022.2099536","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"6466_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092255","volume":"11","author":"P Cunha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cunha P, Paci\u00eancia I, Cavaleiro Rufo J et al (2019) Dietary acid load: a novel nutritional target in overweight\/obese children with asthma? Nutrients 11:2255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11092255","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14061147","volume":"14","author":"F Mendes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mendes F, Paci\u00eancia I, Cavaleiro Rufo J et al (2022) Dietary acid load modulation of asthma-related miRNAs in the exhaled breath condensate of children. Nutrients 14:1147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14061147","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy379","volume":"109","author":"Y Hua","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hua Y, Krupp D, Esche J, Remer T (2019) Increased body fatness adversely relates to 24-hour urine pH during childhood and adolescence: evidence of an adipo-renal axis. Am J Clin Nutr 109:1279\u20131287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy379","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_29_23","volume":"34","author":"M Sravani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sravani M, Collins S, Iyengar A (2024) Assessment of dietary acid load in children with chronic kidney disease: an observational study. Indian J Nephrol 34:50\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijn.ijn_29_23","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-05991-1","volume":"38","author":"G Yurtda\u015f Depboylu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yurtda\u015f Depboylu G, Kaner G, \u00d6zdemir \u015eim\u015fek \u00d6 et al (2023) Dietary acid load in children with chronic kidney disease: its association with nutritional status and health-related quality of life. Pediatr Nephrol 38:3417\u20133426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-023-05991-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6466_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.012","volume":"45","author":"GM Slavich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slavich GM (2015) Understanding inflammation, its regulation, and relevance for health: a top scientific and public priority. Brain Behav Immun 45:13\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.012","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"6466_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00316","volume":"5","author":"JM Bennett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bennett JM, Reeves G, Billman GE, Sturmberg JP (2018) Inflammation-nature\u2019s way to efficiently respond to all types of challenges: implications for understanding and managing \u201cthe epidemic\u201d of chronic diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 5:316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2018.00316","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"6466_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","volume":"25","author":"D Furman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E et al (2019) Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med 25:1822\u20131832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0675-0","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6466_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1449-8","volume":"17","author":"M Di Cesare","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Cesare M, Sori\u0107 M, Bovet P et al (2019) The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood: a worldwide epidemic requiring urgent action. BMC Med 17:212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-019-1449-8","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"6466_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109785","volume":"185","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu H, Patterson CC, Zhang X et al (2022) Worldwide estimates of incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents in 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 185:109785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109785","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"6466_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jackson SL, Zhang Z, Wiltz JL et al (2018) Hypertension among youths-United States, 2001\u20132016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 67:758\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6727a2","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6727a2"},{"key":"6466_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1017\/s1368980013002115","volume":"17","author":"N Shivappa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG et al (2014) Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public Health Nutr 17:1689\u20131696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1368980013002115","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shivappa N, Hebert J, Marcos A et al (2017) Association between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in the HELENA study. Mol Nutr Food Res 61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201600707","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600707"},{"key":"6466_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214577","volume":"14","author":"AI S\u00e1nchez-Rosales","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Rosales AI, Guadarrama-L\u00f3pez AL, Gaona-Valle LS et al (2022) The effect of dietary patterns on inflammatory biomarkers in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 14:4577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14214577","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6466_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.426S","volume":"138","author":"T Remer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Remer T, Dimitriou T, Maser-Gluth C (2008) Renal net acid excretion and plasma leptin are associated with potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids in healthy lean women. J Nutr 138:426S-430S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"6466_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.02.033","volume":"90","author":"J Esche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Esche J, Shi L, S\u00e1nchez-Guijo A, Wudy SA, Remer T (2016) Higher diet-dependent renal acid load associates with higher glucocorticoid secretion and potentially bioactive free glucocorticoids in healthy children. Kidney Int 90:325\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.02.033","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6466_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F32","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00212.2002","volume":"284","author":"M Maurer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maurer M, Riesen W, Muser J et al (2003) Neutralization of Western diet inhibits bone resorption independently of K intake and reduces cortisol secretion in humans. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 284:F32\u2013F40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00212.2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6466_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0730-7","volume":"52","author":"J Buehlmeier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buehlmeier J, Remer T, Frings-Meuthen P et al (2016) Glucocorticoid activity and metabolism with NaCl-induced low-grade metabolic acidosis and oral alkalization: results of two randomized controlled trials. Endocrine 52:139\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-015-0730-7","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"6466_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.83.6.4883","volume":"83","author":"T Remer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Remer T, Pietrzik K, Manz F (1998) Short-term impact of a lactovegetarian diet on adrenocortical activity and adrenal androgens. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:2132\u20132137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.83.6.4883","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6466_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.015","volume":"140","author":"H Renz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Renz H, Holt PG, Inouye M, Logan AC, Prescott SL, Sly PD (2017) An exposome perspective: early-life events and immune development in a changing world. J Allergy Clin Immunol 140:24\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.05.015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"6466_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88882","volume":"127","author":"K Singer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singer K, Lumeng CN (2017) The initiation of metabolic inflammation in childhood obesity. J Clin Invest 127:65\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI88882","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6466_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002","volume":"92","author":"HA Olvera Alvarez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olvera Alvarez HA, Kubzansky LD, Campen MJ, Slavich GM (2018) Early life stress, air pollution, inflammation, and disease: an integrative review and immunologic model of social-environmental adversity and lifespan health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 92:226\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.06.002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"6466_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-023-01001-x","volume":"22","author":"I Amine","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amine I, Guillien A, Philippat C et al (2023) Environmental exposures in early-life and general health in childhood. Environ Health 22:53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-023-01001-x","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"6466_CR129","unstructured":"United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. New York, NY, USA."},{"key":"6466_CR130","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2018) Noncommunicable diseases country profiles 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241514620. Accessed 22 Jul 2024"},{"key":"6466_CR131","unstructured":"Royal Society for Public Health and Institute for Healthcare. UK Health Forum (2014) Public health law and non-communicable diseases. Available at: https:\/\/www.rsph.org.uk\/static\/uploaded\/f48e622e-c0cc-42e4-b049e167099626b9.pdf. Accessed 22 Jul 2024"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06466-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06466-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06466-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T06:11:41Z","timestamp":1732255901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06466-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"references-count":131,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06466-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2024","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Graphical Abstract was added as Supplementary Information.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}