{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:49:31Z","timestamp":1791334171448,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project No. 800-20220547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project No. 800-20220547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, has shown results in slowing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline and reducing proteinuria in adult patients with chronic kidney disease. This retrospective study examines dapagliflozin\u2019s effects in 22 children with kidney disease and proteinuria.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Children with a median age of 15.6\u00a0years were treated with dapagliflozin for\u2009&gt;\u20093\u00a0months between July 2022 and December 2023. All children had been treated with either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker for at least 1\u00a0month before starting dapagliflozin.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The most common kidney disease diagnoses in this study included Alport syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) and medication-resistant nephrotic syndrome or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097). After 6.1\u00a0months of treatment, dapagliflozin treatment did not result in significant changes in eGFR or proteinuria. However, at the latest follow-up, a statistically significant decrease in eGFR was noted (65.5 compared to the baseline 71.1\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). Proteinuria remained stable between baseline and the last follow-up (final spot urine protein\/creatinine ratio (uPCR) 0.7 vs. baseline uPCR 0.6\u00a0mg\/mg, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.489). In the subgroup analysis of children treated for\u2009&gt;\u20098\u00a0months, the eGFR decline post-treatment changed from\u2009\u2212\u20090.5 to\u2009\u2212\u20090.2\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> per month (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.634). Only two children discontinued dapagliflozin due to suspected adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Dapagliflozin has not been associated with serious side effects. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in children with kidney disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T23:02:15Z","timestamp":1722898935000},"page":"3551-3558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in children with kidney disease: real-world data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2966-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naye","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8477-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4389-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peong Gang","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0457-635X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeonju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeesu","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3543-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-4408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yo Han","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Gyung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"6481_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfw047","volume":"9","author":"F Becherucci","year":"2016","unstructured":"Becherucci F, Roperto RM, Materassi M, Romagnani P (2016) Chronic kidney disease in children. Clin Kidney J 9:583\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfw047","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6481_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17088","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.88","volume":"3","author":"P Romagnani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Romagnani P, Remuzzi G, Glassock R, Levin A, Jager KJ, Tonelli M, Massy Z, Wanner C, Anders HJ (2017) Chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:17088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.88","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"6481_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05278-3","volume":"37","author":"PG Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park PG, Kang HG, Park E, Ahn YH, Choi HJ, Han KH, Kim SH, Cho H, Lee KH, Shin JI, Cho MH, Lee JH, Park YS, Kim J, Ha IS (2022) Baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-Ped CKD). Pediatr Nephrol 37:3177\u20133187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05278-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6481_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-021-01599-7","volume":"81","author":"JE Frampton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frampton JE (2021) Finerenone: First Approval. Drugs 81:1787\u20131794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-021-01599-7","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"6481_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01242-3","volume":"398","author":"TH Jafar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jafar TH (2021) FDA approval of dapagliflozin for chronic kidney disease: a remarkable achievement? Lancet 398:283\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01242-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6481_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01971-x","volume":"21","author":"SH Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SH, Jhee JH, Choi HY, Lee SH, Shin SK, Lee SY, Yang DH, Yi JH, Han SW, Jo YI, Park HC (2020) New oral spherical carbon adsorbent effectively reduces serum indoxyl sulfate levels in moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease patients: a multicenter, prospective, open-label study. BMC Nephrol 21:317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-020-01971-x","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6481_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2021020167","volume":"32","author":"GM Chertow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chertow GM, Vart P, Jongs N, Toto RD, Gorriz JL, Hou FF, McMurray JJV, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m CD, Stef\u00e1nsson BV, Langkilde AM, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJL, Trial Committees DAPA-CKD, Investigators (2021) Effects of dapagliflozin in stage 4 chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 32:2352\u20132361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.2021020167","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6481_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad082","volume":"16","author":"B Fern\u00e1ndez-Fernandez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Fernandez B, Sarafidis P, Soler MJ, Ortiz A (2023) EMPA-KIDNEY: expanding the range of kidney protection by SGLT2 inhibitors. Clin Kidney J 16:1187\u20131198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfad082","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6481_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","volume":"383","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Stef\u00e1nsson BV, Correa-Rotter R, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, Mann JFE, McMurray JJV, Lindberg M, Rossing P, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m CD, Toto RD, Langkilde AM, Wheeler DC (2020) Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med 383:1436\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6481_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4441","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094441","volume":"22","author":"G Leoncini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leoncini G, Russo E, Bussalino E, Barnini C, Viazzi F, Pontremoli R (2021) SGLT2is and Renal Protection: From Biological Mechanisms to Real-World Clinical Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 22:4441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22094441","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6481_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","volume":"102","author":"P Rossing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rossing P, Caramori ML, Chan JCN, Heerspink HJL, Hurst C, Khunti K, Liew A, Michos ED, Navaneethan SD, Olowu WA, Sadusky T, Tandon N, Tuttle KR, Wanner C, Wilkens KG, Zoungas S, de Boer IH (2022) KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 102:S1\u2013S127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2022.06.008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6481_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","volume":"100","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group (2021) KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases. Kidney Int 100:S1\u2013S276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6481_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(21)00243-6","volume":"9","author":"N Jongs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jongs N, Greene T, Chertow GM, McMurray JJV, Langkilde AM, Correa-Rotter R, Rossing P, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m CD, Stefansson BV, Toto RD, Wheeler DC, Heerspink HJL, Trial Committees DAPA-CKD, Investigators (2021) Effect of dapagliflozin on urinary albumin excretion in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9:755\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(21)00243-6","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"6481_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab335","volume":"37","author":"DC Wheeler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wheeler DC, Jongs N, Stefansson BV, Chertow GM, Greene T, Hou FF, Langkilde AM, McMurray JJV, Rossing P, Nowicki M, Wittmann I, Correa-Rotter R, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m CD, Toto RD, Heerspink HJL, DAPA-CKD Trial Committees Investigators (2022) Safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a prespecified analysis of the dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (DAPA-CKD) trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 37:1647\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfab335","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6481_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05504-6","volume":"37","author":"L Cirillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cirillo L, Ravaglia F, Errichiello C, Anders HJ, Romagnani P, Becherucci F (2022) Expectations in children with glomerular diseases from SGLT2 inhibitors. Pediatr Nephrol 37:2997\u20133008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05504-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6481_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.6065\/apem.2244166.083","volume":"27","author":"PM Grube","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grube PM, Beckett RD (2022) Clinical studies of dapagliflozin in pediatric patients: a rapid review. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 27:265\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6065\/apem.2244166.083","journal-title":"Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6481_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20220711-00637","volume":"61","author":"JY Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui JY, Liu JJ, Fang XY, Chen J, Zhai YH, Xu H, Shen Q (2023) Short-term efficacy of dapagliflozin in children with hereditary proteinuric kidney disease. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 61:164\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112140-20220711-00637","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"6481_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.019","volume":"7","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Cui J, Fang X, Chen J, Yan W, Shen Q, Xu H (2022) Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Children With Inherited Proteinuric Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study. Kidney Int Rep 7:638\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6481_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.12057","volume":"330","author":"E Harris","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harris E (2023) Oral Empagliflozin Receives FDA Approval for Children With Diabetes. JAMA 330:307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.12057","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6481_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-022-02983-0","volume":"44","author":"DM Newland","year":"2023","unstructured":"Newland DM, Law YM, Albers EL, Friedland-Little JM, Ahmed H, Kemna MS, Hong BJ (2023) Early Clinical Experience with Dapagliflozin in Children with Heart Failure. Pediatr Cardiol 44:146\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00246-022-02983-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"6481_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(22)00052-3","volume":"10","author":"WV Tamborlane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamborlane WV, Laffel LM, Shehadeh N, Isganaitis E, Van Name M, Ratnayake J, Karlsson C, Norjavaara E (2022) Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in children and young adults with type 2 diabetes: a prospective, multicentre, randomised, parallel group, phase 3 study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 10:341\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(22)00052-3","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"6481_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.047","volume":"99","author":"CB Pierce","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pierce CB, Mu\u00f1oz A, Ng DK, Warady BA, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ (2021) Age- and sex-dependent clinical equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 99:948\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.047","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6481_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30162-5","volume":"8","author":"DZI Cherney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cherney DZI, Dekkers CCJ, Barbour SJ, Cattran D, Abdul Gafor AH, Greasley PJ, Laverman GD, Lim SK, Di Tanna GL, Reich HN, Vervloet MG, Wong MG, Gansevoort RT, Heerspink HJL, DIAMOND investigators, (2020) Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on proteinuria in non-diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (DIAMOND): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 8:582\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2213-8587(20)30162-5","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"6481_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071815","volume":"10","author":"J Boeckhaus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boeckhaus J, Gross O (2021) Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with Hereditary Podocytopathies, Alport Syndrome, and FSGS: A Case Series to Better Plan a Large-Scale Study. Cells 10:1815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10071815","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6481_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.06.017","volume":"7","author":"ZR Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song ZR, Li Y, Zhou XJ, Zhang H (2022) Efficacy of Dapagliflozin in Adult Autosomal Recessive Alport Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 7:2116\u20132117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.06.017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6481_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14207","volume":"28","author":"M Murakoshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murakoshi M, Kobayashi T, Kihara M, Ueda S, Suzuki Y, Gohda T (2023) The proteinuria-lowering effects of dapagliflozin are associated with an initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton) 28:540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.14207","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"6481_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-022-02277-y","volume":"27","author":"R Shibata","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shibata R, Taguchi K, Kaida Y, Fukami K (2023) Effect of dapagliflozin on the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate dip in chronic kidney disease patients without diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Nephrol 27:44\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-022-02277-y","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"6481_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-021-01442-z","volume":"22","author":"CJ Bailey","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bailey CJ, Day C, Bellary S (2022) Renal Protection with SGLT2 Inhibitors: Effects in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Diab Rep 22:39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-021-01442-z","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T11:07:29Z","timestamp":1729854449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6481"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Seoul National University Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB no. 2311\u2013091-1484). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective design of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors declared no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}