{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:55:39Z","timestamp":1768406139203,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005297","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny w Bialymstoku","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/ST\/ZB\/16005\/1141"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/ST\/ZB\/16005\/1141"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005297","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Neurogenic bladder due to myelomeningocele (MMC) is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease in children. Cystatin C (CysC) is a more accurate GFR marker than creatinine as it is unaffected by muscle mass but may be influenced by fat mass and BMI. This study evaluates: (1) GFR measurement accuracy using CysC and creatinine in MMC-related neurogenic bladder, (2) the relationship between body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and renal parameters, and (3) the use of BIA for non-invasive GFR and body composition assessment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Forty children (median age 9.96\u00a0years) underwent serum creatinine, CysC testing, and BIA measurements. We assessed age, sex, spinal lesion level, anthropometric measurements, BMI, and activity using Hoffer\u2019s scale. GFR was calculated using five creatinine-based formulas, three CysC-based, and three combining CysC and creatinine, including BIA GFR as an alternative approach.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Creatinine-based GFR estimates were significantly higher than CysC-based GFR. Although only 30% of MMC patients met the traditional BMI criteria for overweight\/obesity, 62.5% were obese based on BIA-measured body fat percentage. Significant differences were found in CysC and CysC-based GFR equations within BMI and fat mass groups. Positive correlations were observed between CysC and body weight, BMI percentiles, body fat mass and fat-to-muscle ratio. Muscle mass positively correlated with creatinine.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>BIA-determined fat mass percentage is a more sensitive obesity indicator than BMI in MMC patients. CysC levels and CysC-based GFR equations are influenced by body fat mass, requiring consideration of adiposity to avoid misestimating renal impairment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06557-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T04:01:51Z","timestamp":1729137711000},"page":"1677-1687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Is body composition important in the context of renal function in pediatric neurogenic bladder?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Bagi\u0144ska-Chy\u017cy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8026-4887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrianna","family":"B\u0142ahuszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6165-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Korzeniecka-Kozerska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"6557_CR1","first-page":"341","volume":"46","author":"A Latos-Biele\u0144ska","year":"2005","unstructured":"Latos-Biele\u0144ska A, Materna-Kiryluk A, PRCM Working Group (2005) Polish registry of congenital malformations - aims and organization of the registry monitoring 300 000 births a year. J Appl Genet 46:341\u2013348","journal-title":"J Appl Genet"},{"key":"6557_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.5546\/aap.2021.eng.e215","volume":"119","author":"C Meller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meller C, Covini D, Aiello H, Izbizky G, Portillo Medina S, Otano L (2021) Update on prenatal diagnosis and fetal surgery for myelomeningocele. Arch Argent Pediatr 119:e215\u2013e228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5546\/aap.2021.eng.e215","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"key":"6557_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2147\/RRU.S259307","volume":"2","author":"KT Hobbs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hobbs KT, Krischak M, Tejwani R, Purves JT, Wiener JS, Routh JC (2021) The importance of early diagnosis and management of pediatric neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Res Rep Urol 2:647\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRU.S259307","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"key":"6557_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04602-w","volume":"41","author":"S Sinha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinha S (2023) Follow-up for the upper urinary tract in patients with high-risk neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. World J Urol 41:3309\u20133316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-023-04602-w","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"6557_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42337","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.42337","volume":"15","author":"C Menezes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Menezes C, Costa T, Br\u00e1s C, Sousa P, Mendes A, Amorim R, Faria MS, Mota C (2023) Estimating the glomerular filtration rate in pediatric patients with neurogenic bladder: a comparison between creatinine- and cystatin C-equations. Cureus 15:e42337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.42337","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"6557_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2023.100727","volume":"5","author":"OM Adingwupu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adingwupu OM, Barbosa ER, Palevsky PM, Vassalotti JA, Levey AS, Inker LA (2023) Cystatin C as a GFR estimation marker in acute and chronic illness: a systematic review. Kidney Med 5:100727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xkme.2023.100727","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"6557_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.04.085","volume":"48","author":"M Zappitelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zappitelli M, Parvex P, Joseph L, Paradis G, Grey V, Lau S, Bell L (2006) Derivation and validation of cystatin C-based prediction equations for GFR in children. Am J Kidney Dis 48:221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.04.085","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6557_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.21","volume":"20","author":"M Guerre-Millo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guerre-Millo M (2012) Serum cystatin C concentrations are increased in human obesity in relation to over-production by the adipose tissue. Obesity 20:1755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2012.21","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"6557_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816201","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.816201","volume":"13","author":"YX Huo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huo YX, Wei W, Liu Y, Ma YN, Tao JM, Wang NN, Li XF, Chen X (2022) Serum cystatin C levels are associated with obesity in adolescents aged 14\u201317 years. Front Endocrinol 13:816201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.816201","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"6557_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3468(73)90506-X","volume":"55","author":"MM Hoffer","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hoffer MM, Feiwell E, Perry R, Perry J, Bonnett C (1973) Functional ambulation in patients with myelomeningocele. J Bone Join Surg Am 55:137\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3468(73)90506-X","journal-title":"J Bone Join Surg Am"},{"key":"6557_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.07.043497","volume":"85","author":"M De Onis","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Onis M, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J (2007) Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ 85:660\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/blt.07.043497","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"6557_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000336780","volume":"5","author":"S Plachta-Danielzik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Plachta-Danielzik S, Gehrke MI, Kehden B, Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Grillenberger M, Willh\u00f6ft C, Bosy-Westphal A, M\u00fcller MJ (2015) Body fat percentiles for German children and adolescents. Obes Facts 5:77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000336780","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"6557_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00168.x","volume":"9","author":"HD McCarthy","year":"2014","unstructured":"McCarthy HD, Samani-Radia D, Jebb SA, Prentice AM (2014) Skeletal muscle mass reference curves for children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes 9:249\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2047-6310.2013.00168.x","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"6557_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.047","volume":"99","author":"CB Pierce","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pierce CB, Mu\u00f1oz A, Ng DK, Warady BA, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ (2021) Age- and sex-dependent clinical equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 99:948\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.047","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6557_CR15","unstructured":"CKiD U25 eGFR (2021) https:\/\/ckid-gfrcalculator.shinyapps.io\/eGFR. Accessed March 12, 2021"},{"key":"6557_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04389-2","volume":"35","author":"GJ Schwartz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwartz GJ, Cox C, Seegmiller JC, Maier PS, DiManno D, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A (2020) Recalibration of cystatin C using standardized material in Siemens nephelometers. Pediatr Nephrol 35:279\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04389-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6557_CR17","first-page":"1359","volume":"4","author":"FJ Larijani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larijani FJ, Moghtaderi M, Hajizadeh N, Assadi F (2013) Preventing kidney injury in children with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Int J Prev Med 4:1359\u20131364","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"6557_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.12.009","volume":"16","author":"KM Szymanski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szymanski KM, Szymanski AJ, Salama AK, Hains DS, Cain MP, Misseri R (2020) Estimating and tracking renal function in children and adults with spina bifida. J Pediatr Urol 16:169\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.12.009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"6557_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12990","volume":"23","author":"BM Sung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sung BM, Oh DJ, Choi MH, Choi HM (2018) Chronic kidney disease in neurogenic bladder. Nephrology 23:231\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.12990","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"6557_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2023.07.002","volume":"100","author":"F Bertapelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bertapelli F, Baptista CRJA, Mattiello-Sverzut AC (2024) Height and body mass index distribution in children and adolescents with and without spina bifida. J Pediatr 100:46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jped.2023.07.002","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6557_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.3233\/PRM-200727","volume":"14","author":"M Polfuss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Polfuss M, Forseth B, Schoeller DA, Huang CC, Moosreiner A, Papanek PE, Sawin KJ, Zvara K, Bandini L (2021) Accuracy of body mass index in categorizing weight status in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 14:621\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/PRM-200727","journal-title":"J Pediatr Rehabil Med"},{"key":"6557_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2016.1195071","volume":"41","author":"JS Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu JS, Dong C, Vo AX, Dickmeyer LJ, Leung CL, Huang RA, Kielb SJ, Mukherjee S (2018) Obesity and anthropometry in spina bifida: what is the best measure. J Spinal Cord Med 41:55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10790268.2016.1195071","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"6557_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15183941","volume":"15","author":"Y Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo Y, Zhang M, Ye T, Wang Z, Yao Y (2023) Application of bioelectrical impedance analysis in nutritional management of patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutrients 15:3941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15183941","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6557_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000521241","volume":"15","author":"LM Donini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Donini LM, Busetto L, Bischoff SC, Cederholm T, Ballesteros-Pomar MD, Batsis JA, Bauer JM et al (2022) Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. Obes Facts 15:321\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000521241","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"6557_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914740","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.914740","volume":"13","author":"M Zembura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zembura M, Matusik P (2022) Sarcopenic obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol 13:914740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.914740","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"6557_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081027","volume":"10","author":"R Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-V\u00e9lez R, Carrillo HA, Correa-Bautista JE, Schmidt-RioValle J, Gonz\u00e1lez-Jim\u00e9nez E, Correa-Rodr\u00edguez M, Gonz\u00e1lez-Ru\u00edz K, Garc\u00eda-Hermoso A (2018) Fat-to-muscle ratio: a new anthropometric indicator as a screening tool for metabolic syndrome in young colombian people. Nutrients 10:1027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10081027","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6557_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61289-8","volume":"14","author":"S Nishikori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nishikori S, Fujita S (2024) Association of fat-to-muscle mass ratio with physical activity and dietary protein, carbohydrate, sodium, and fiber intake in a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 14:10631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61289-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6557_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1159\/000533173","volume":"52","author":"S De Rosa","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Rosa S, Greco M, Rauseo M, Annetta MG (2023) The good, the bad, and the serum creatinine: exploring the effect of muscle mass and nutrition. Blood Purif 52:775\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000533173","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"6557_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228984","volume":"15","author":"AE Rothberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rothberg AE, McEwen LN, Herman WH (2020) Severe obesity and the impact of medical weight loss on estimated glomerular filtration rate. PLoS One 15:e0228984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228984","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6557_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0271638","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271638","volume":"17","author":"A Laucyte-Cibulskiene","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laucyte-Cibulskiene A, Nilsson PM, Engstr\u00f6m G, Christensson A (2022) Increased fat mass index is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate estimated from cystatin C. Data from Malm\u00f6 Diet and Cancer cohort. PLoS One 17:e0271638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271638","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6557_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36390-z","volume":"13","author":"K Mueller-Peltzer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mueller-Peltzer K, von Kr\u00fcchten R, Lorbeer R, Rospleszcz S, Schulz H, Peters A, Bamberg F, Schlett CL, Mujaj B (2023) Adipose tissue is associated with kidney function parameters. Sci Rep 13:9151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-36390-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6557_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.08.011","volume":"100","author":"PP Dangle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dangle PP, Ayyash O, Kang A, Bates C, Fox J, Stephany H, Cannon G Jr (2017) Cystatin C-calculated glomerular filtration rate-a marker of early renal dysfunction in patients with neuropathic bladder. Urology 100:213\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.urology.2016.08.011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"6557_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24092","volume":"38","author":"DI Chu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chu DI, Balmert LC, Arkin CM, Meyer T, Rosoklija I, Li B, Hodgkins KS, Furth SL, Cheng EY, Yerkes EB, Isakova T (2019) Estimated kidney function in children and young adults with spina bifida: A retrospective cohort study. Neurourol Urodyn 38:1907\u20131914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24092","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06557-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06557-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06557-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T19:30:45Z","timestamp":1743276645000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06557-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06557-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing of interest"}}]}}