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The study included pediatric patients aged 1\u201319\u00a0years who underwent kidney biopsies. From April 2021 to March 2022, 0.9% sodium chloride (saline) was administered, and from April 2022 to March 2023, balanced crystalloids were used. The primary outcome was the occurrence of hyponatremia (&lt;\u2009137\u00a0mEq\/L) after a kidney biopsy. Secondary outcomes included other electrolyte balances, blood gas parameters, creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (Cr-eGFR), and arginine vasopressin concentrations (UMIN Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN 000044330).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 61 patients enrolled, 2 were excluded, leaving 34 in the saline group and 25 in the balanced crystalloid group. No hyponatremia occurred, and serum sodium concentrations were similar between both groups (138.7 vs. 138.9\u00a0mEq\/L, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.08). The saline group showed a greater increase in serum chloride (+\u20091.7 vs.\u2009+\u20090.2, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and a greater decrease in HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> concentrations (\u2212\u20090.6 vs.\u2009+\u20090.9, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There were minimal changes in pH (\u2212\u20090.01 vs.\u2009\u2212\u20090.01,<jats:italic> P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.99) and Cr-eGFR (\u2212\u20091.5 vs.\u2009+\u20091.1\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.96) in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During pediatric kidney biopsy, both saline and balanced crystalloids were effective in preventing hyponatremia. Although saline infusion results in higher serum chloride concentrations and lower blood HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n              <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> concentrations than balanced crystalloids infusion, the clinical significance was minimal.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06594-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T06:10:09Z","timestamp":1732515009000},"page":"1033-1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Saline versus balanced crystalloids for hydration post-kidney biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1655-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoko","family":"Horinouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Inoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuta","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Kitakado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nana","family":"Sakakibara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Ishimori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"China","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kandai","family":"Nozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6594_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.19.5.823","volume":"19","author":"MA Holliday","year":"1957","unstructured":"Holliday MA, Segar WE (1957) The maintenance need for water in parenteral fluid therapy. 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