{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:50:20Z","timestamp":1788285020888,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Several studies have investigated long-term kidney outcomes in survivors of Wilms tumor (WT). However, many have small sample sizes, and there is a wide variation in reported outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term kidney outcomes in survivors of WT (S-WT), including those patients considered to be at high risk for poor kidney outcomes, and using updated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This was a retrospective chart review of 64 patients treated for WT at a single pediatric center. Patients were off treatment for 5\u00a0years or more at the time of analysis and were evaluated for decreased kidney function, hypertension, proteinuria, and compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>At a median follow-up time of 11.3\u00a0years off treatment (range 5\u201322.6) and average age of 16.7\u00a0years (range 6.5\u201330), 35 patients had a decreased eGFR (&lt;\u200990\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and 2 patients had progressed to chronic kidney disease stage 5. Compensatory hypertrophy was observed in 67% of cases. 41% of patients had elevated clinic blood pressures, with 2 patients on an anti-hypertensive medication. Three of 9 patients had evidence of hypertension on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Eight of 37 patients (22%) had proteinuria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Kidney dysfunction is common in S-WT at a young age. This population should be carefully monitored for the development of decreased eGFR, hypertension, and proteinuria as part of their routine survivorship care. This is particularly true for modifiable risk factors of chronic kidney disease progression, such as hypertension and proteinuria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06624-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T04:02:12Z","timestamp":1736395332000},"page":"1603-1611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term kidney outcomes in survivors of Wilms tumor: a single-center retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5319-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Reinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-1978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie W.","family":"Benoit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1933-6180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajaram","family":"Nagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"6624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2224-4336.2014.01.09","volume":"3","author":"E Szychot","year":"2014","unstructured":"Szychot E, Apps J, Pritchard-Jones K (2014) Wilms\u2019 tumor: biology, diagnosis and treatment. Transl Pediatr 3:12\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3978\/j.issn.2224-4336.2014.01.09","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"key":"6624_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopes RI, Lorenzo A (2017) Recent advances in the management of Wilms\u2019 tumor. F1000Res 6:670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.10760.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10760.1"},{"key":"6624_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.10-10-815","volume":"10","author":"ML Metzger","year":"2005","unstructured":"Metzger ML, Dome JS (2005) Current therapy for Wilms\u2019 tumor. Oncologist 10:815\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.10-10-815","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"6624_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600608","volume":"87","author":"S Bailey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bailey S, Roberts A, Brock C, Price L, Craft AW, Kilkarni R, Lee RE, Skillen AW, Skinner R (2002) Nephrotoxicity in survivors of Wilms\u2019 tumours in the North of England. Br J Cancer 87:1092\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600608","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0257","volume":"50","author":"G Filler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Filler G, Huang SH, Yasin A (2012) The usefulness of cystatin C and related formulae in pediatrics. Clin Chem Lab Med 50:2081\u20132091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2012-0257","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"6624_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20960","volume":"103","author":"LR Meacham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meacham LR, Gurney JG, Mertens AC, Ness KK, Sklar CA, Robison LL, Oeffinger KC (2005) Body mass index in long-term adult survivors of childhood cancer: a report of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer 103:1730\u20131739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.20960","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1321","volume":"29","author":"CL Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson CL, Liu W, Chemaitilly W, Howell CR, Srivastava DK, Howell RM, Hudson MM, Robison LL, Ness KK (2020) Body composition, metabolic health, and functional impairment among adults treated for abdominal and pelvic tumors during childhood. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 29:1750\u20131758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-19-1321","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"6624_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e817","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002732","volume":"45","author":"WE de Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Oliveira WE, Murra MS, Tufi LMB, Cavalcante CEB, de Oliveira MA, da Costa RFA, Rosa BR, da Silva RZM, Ribeiro RC, Ladas EJ, Barr RD (2023) Sarcopenia in children with Wilms tumor: a marker of undernutrition which may impact adversely on clinical outcomes. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 45:e817\u2013e822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002732","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050647","volume":"13","author":"EA Ylinen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ylinen EA, Ala-Houhala M, Harmoinen AP, Knip M (1999) Cystatin C as a marker for glomerular filtration rate in pediatric patients. Pediatr Nephrol 13:506\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004670050647","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6624_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.34487","volume":"40","author":"VR Dharnidharka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dharnidharka VR, Kwon C, Stevens G (2002) Serum cystatin C is superior to serum creatinine as a marker of kidney function: a meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 40:221\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/ajkd.2002.34487","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6624_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.047","volume":"99","author":"CB Pierce","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pierce CB, Mu\u00f1oz A, Ng DK, Warady BA, Furth SL, Schwartz GJ (2021) Age- and sex-dependent clinical equations to estimate glomerular filtration rates in children and young adults with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 99:948\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.10.047","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6624_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2021.09.002","volume":"41","author":"DK Ng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ng DK, Pierce CB (2021) Kidney disease progression in children and young adults with pediatric CKD: epidemiologic perspectives and clinical applications. Semin Nephrol 41:405\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2021.09.002","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"6624_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199306000-00003","volume":"16","author":"JZ Finklestein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Finklestein JZ, Norkool P, Green DM, Breslow N, D\u2019Angio GJ (1993) Diastolic hypertension in Wilms\u2019 tumor survivors: a late effect of treatment? A report from the National Wilms\u2019 Tumor Study Group. Am J Clin Oncol 16:201\u2013205","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000557","volume":"38","author":"AS Kostel Bal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kostel Bal AS, Yalcin B, Susam-\u015een H, Aydin B, Varan A, Kutluk T, Aky\u00fcz C (2016) Renal late effects after the treatment of unilateral nonsyndromic Wilms tumor. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 38:e147-150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000557","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29373","volume":"121","author":"RB Interiano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Interiano RB, Delos Santos N, Huang S, Srivastava DK, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Green DM, Davidoff AM (2015) Renal function in survivors of nonsyndromic Wilms tumor treated with unilateral radical nephrectomy. Cancer 121:2449\u20132456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.29373","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24738","volume":"60","author":"DM Green","year":"2013","unstructured":"Green DM (2013) Evaluation of renal function after successful treatment for unilateral, non-syndromic Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60:1929\u20131935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.24738","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05460-1","volume":"37","author":"E Arslan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arslan E, Saygili S, Celkan TT, Kurugoglu S, Elicevik M, Camcioglu AE, Konukoglu D, Apak H, Caliskan S, Sever L, Canpolat N (2022) Increased risk for kidney sequelae surrogates in survivors of Wilms tumor. Pediatr Nephrol 37:2415\u20132426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05460-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6624_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04389-2","volume":"35","author":"GJ Schwartz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwartz GJ, Cox C, Seegmiller JC, Maier PS, DiManno D, Furth SL, Warady BA, Munoz A (2020) Recalibration of cystatin C using standardized material in Siemens nephelometers. Pediatr Nephrol 35:279\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04389-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6624_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.11.028","volume":"6","author":"SW Benoit","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benoit SW, Kathman T, Patel J, Stegman M, Cobb C, Hoehn J, Devarajan P, Nehus EJ (2021) GFR estimation after cystatin C reference material change. Kidney Int Rep 6:429\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.11.028","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6624_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05303-5","volume":"37","author":"\u0141 Obrycki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Obrycki \u0141, Sarnecki J, Lichosik M, Sopi\u0144ska M, Placzy\u0144ska M, Sta\u0144czyk M, Mirecka J, Wasilewska A, Michalski M, Lewandowska W, Derezi\u0144ski T, Pac M, Szwarc N, Annusewicz K, Rekuta V, A\u017eukaitis K, \u010cekuolis A, Wierzbicka-Ruci\u0144ska A, Jankauskiene A, Kalicki B, Jobs K, Tkaczyk M, Feber J, Litwin M (2022) Kidney length normative values in children aged 0\u201319 years - a multicenter study. Pediatr Nephrol 37:1075\u20131085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05303-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6624_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01926","volume":"41","author":"NL Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu NL, Chen Y, Dieffenbach BV, Ehrhardt MJ, Hingorani S, Howell RM, Jefferies JL, Mulrooney DA, Oeffinger KC, Robison LL, Weil BR, Yuan Y, Yasui Y, Hudson MM, Leisenring WM, Armstrong GT, Chow EJ (2023) Development and validation of a prediction model for kidney failure in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol 41:2258\u20132268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.22.01926","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61029","volume":"179","author":"SG Farmakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farmakis SG, Barnes AM, Carey JC, Braddock SR (2019) Solid tumor screening recommendations in trisomy 18. Am J Med Genet A 179:455\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.a.61029","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"6624_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e31819436cf","volume":"11","author":"CL Clericuzio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clericuzio CL, Martin RA (2009) Diagnostic criteria and tumor screening for individuals with isolated hemihyperplasia. Genet Med 11:220\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GIM.0b013e31819436cf","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"6624_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3440","volume":"47","author":"SS Mahamdallie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mahamdallie SS, Hanks S, Karlin KL, Zachariou A, Perdeaux ER, Ruark E, Shaw CA, Renwick A, Ramsay E, Yost S, Elliott A, Birch J, Capra M, Gray J, Hale J, Kingston J, Levitt G, McLean T, Sheridan E, Seal S, Stiller C, Sebire N, Westbrook TF, Rahman N (2015) Mutations in the transcriptional repressor REST predispose to Wilms tumor. Nat Genet 47:1471\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3440","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"6624_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70008-3","volume":"132","author":"MR DeBaun","year":"1998","unstructured":"DeBaun MR, Tucker MA (1998) Risk of cancer during the first four years of life in children from The Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Registry. J Pediatr 132:398\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70008-3","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6624_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000176800.00994.3a","volume":"174","author":"NE Breslow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Collins AJ, Ritchey ML, Grigoriev YA, Peterson SM, Green DM (2005) End stage renal disease in patients with Wilms tumor: results from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group and the United States Renal Data System. J Urol 174:1972\u20131975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ju.0000176800.00994.3a","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"6624_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00207.x","volume":"64","author":"K Hoang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hoang K, Tan JC, Derby G, Blouch KL, Masek M, Ma I, Lemley KV, Myers BD (2003) Determinants of glomerular hypofiltration in aging humans. Kidney Int 64:1417\u20131424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00207.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6624_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24545","volume":"60","author":"DA Cozzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cozzi DA, Ceccanti S, Frediani S, Mele E, Cozzi F (2013) Renal function adaptation up to the fifth decade after treatment of children with unilateral renal tumor: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60:1534\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.24545","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00618-4","volume":"32A","author":"SS de Graaf","year":"1996","unstructured":"de Graaf SS, van Gent H, Reitsma-Bierens WC, van Luyk WH, Dolsma WV, Postma A (1996) Renal function after unilateral nephrectomy for Wilms\u2019 tumour: the influence of radiation therapy. Eur J Cancer 32A:465\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0959-8049(95)00618-4","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23090","volume":"57","author":"AM Termuhlen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Termuhlen AM, Tersak JM, Liu Q, Yasui Y, Stovall M, Weathers R, Deutsch M, Sklar CA, Oeffinger KC, Armstrong G, Robison LL, Green DM (2011) Twenty-five year follow-up of childhood Wilms tumor: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 57:1210\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.23090","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Green DM, Wang M, Krasin MJ, Davidoff AM, Srivastava D, Jay DW, Ness KK, Shulkin BL, Spunt SL, Jones DP, Lanctot JQ, Shelton KC, Brennan RC, Mulrooney DA, Ehrhardt MJ, Gibson TM, Kurt BA, Robison LL, Hudson MM (2020) Long-term renal function after treatment for unilateral, nonsyndromic Wilms tumor. A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 67:e28271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pbc.28271","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28271"},{"key":"6624_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1992.378","volume":"66","author":"GA Levitt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Levitt GA, Yeomans E, Dicks Mireaux C, Breatnach F, Kingston J, Pritchard J (1992) Renal size and function after cure of Wilms\u2019 tumour. Br J Cancer 66:877\u2013882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.1992.378","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"6624_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3109\/02841868109130183","volume":"20","author":"JR Cassady","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cassady JR, Lebowitz RL, Jaffe N, Hoffman A (1981) Effect of low dose irradiation on renal enlargement in children following nephrectomy for Wilms\u2019 tumor. Acta Radiol Oncol 20:5\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02841868109130183","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(82)90564-7","volume":"19","author":"RD Walker","year":"1982","unstructured":"Walker RD, Reid CF, Richard GA, Talbert JL, Rogers BM (1982) Compensatory renal growth and function in postnephrectomized patients with Wilms tumor. Urology 19:127\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0090-4295(82)90564-7","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"6624_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11971116","volume":"12","author":"DY Fuhrman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fuhrman DY, Schneider MF, Dell KM, Blydt-Hansen TD, Mak R, Saland JM, Furth SL, Warady BA, Moxey-Mims MM, Schwartz GJ (2017) Albuminuria, proteinuria, and renal disease progression in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 12:912\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.11971116","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6624_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.01.008","volume":"65","author":"BA Warady","year":"2015","unstructured":"Warady BA, Abraham AG, Schwartz GJ, Wong CS, Mu\u00f1oz A, Betoko A, Mitsnefes M, Kaskel F, Greenbaum LA, Mak RH, Flynn J, Moxey-Mims MM, Furth S (2015) Predictors of rapid progression of glomerular and nonglomerular kidney disease in children and adolescents: the chronic kidney disease in children (CKiD) cohort. Am J Kidney Dis 65:878\u2013888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.01.008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6624_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ESCAPE Trial Group; W\u00fchl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, Litwin M, Peco-Antic A, Zurowska A, Testa S, Jankauskiene A, Emre S, Caldas-Afonso A, Anarat A, Niaudet P, Mir S, Bakkaloglu A, Enke B, Montini G, Wingen AM, Sallay P, Jeck N, Berg U, Caliskan S, Wygoda S, Hohbach-Hohenfellner K, Dusek J, Urasinski T, Arbeiter K, Neuhaus T, Gellermann J, Drozdz D, Fischbach M, M\u00f6ller K, Wigger M, Peruzzi L, Mehls O, Schaefer F (2009) Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med 361:1639-1650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0902066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902066"},{"key":"6624_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1989.7.7.912","volume":"7","author":"AF Kantor","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kantor AF, Li FP, Janov AJ, Tarbell NJ, Sallan SE (1989) Hypertension in long-term survivors of childhood renal cancers. J Clin Oncol 7:912\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1989.7.7.912","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyt105","volume":"43","author":"M Elli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Elli M, Sungur M, Gen\u00e7 G, Ayyildiz P, Dagdemir A, Pinarli FG, Acar S (2013) The late effects of anticancer therapy after childhood Wilm\u2019s tumor: the role of diastolic function and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Jpn J Clin Oncol 43:1004\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyt105","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"6624_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.005","volume":"230","author":"DI Chu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chu DI, Ehlayel AM, Ginsberg JP, Meyers KE, Benton M, Thomas M, Carlson C, Kolon TF, Tasian GE, Greenberg JH, Furth SL, Denburg MR (2021) Kidney outcomes and hypertension in survivors of Wilms tumor: a prospective cohort study. J Pediatr 230:215-220.e211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2020.12.005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"6624_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mitsnefes M, Flynn J, Cohn S, Samuels J, Blydt-Hansen T, Saland J, Kimball T, Furth S, Warady B; CKiD Study Group (2010) Masked hypertension associates with left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:137-144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2009060609","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009060609"},{"key":"6624_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20173035","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","volume":"140","author":"JT Flynn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, Blowey D, Carroll AE, Daniels SR, de Ferranti SD, Dionne JM, Falkner B, Flinn SK, Gidding SS, Goodwin C, Leu MG, Powers ME, Rea C, Samuels J, Simasek M, Thaker VV, Urbina EM, Subcommittee on Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children, (2017) Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 140:e20173035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2017-1904","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6624_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00003","volume":"123","author":"JC Peterson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, Greene T, Hebert LA, Hunsicker LG, King AJ, Klahr S, Massry SG, Seifter JL (1995) Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 123:754\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"6624_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(96)09260-4","volume":"349","author":"AM Wingen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wingen AM, Fabian-Bach C, Schaefer F, Mehls O (1997) Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. European Study Group of Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood. Lancet 349:1117\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(96)09260-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6624_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.10.037","volume":"50","author":"MT Austin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Austin MT, Nguyen H, Eberth JM, Chang Y, Heczey A, Hughes DP, Lally KP, Elting LS (2015) Health disparities are important determinants of outcome for children with solid tumor malignancies. J Pediatr Surg 50:161\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.10.037","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6624_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.030","volume":"56","author":"AN Apple","year":"2021","unstructured":"Apple AN, Neuzil KE, Phelps HM, Li B, Lovvorn Iii HN (2021) Race disparities in genetic alterations within Wilms tumor specimens. J Pediatr Surg 56:1135\u20131141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.030","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"6624_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.03.011","volume":"170","author":"J Axt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Axt J, Murphy AJ, Seeley EH, Martin CA, Taylor C, Pierce J, Caprioli RM, Whiteside M, Lovvorn HN (2011) Race disparities in Wilms tumor incidence and biology. J Surg Res 170:112\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2011.03.011","journal-title":"J Surg Res"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06624-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06624-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06624-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T19:35:47Z","timestamp":1743276947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06624-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06624-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes. Institutional Review Board approval at Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital was obtained for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}