{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:48:49Z","timestamp":1792518529956,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]],"date-time":"2025-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The integrity of the filtration barrier of the kidney relies on the proper composition of podocyte interdigitating foot processes. Their architecture is supported by a complex actin-cytoskeleton. Following podocyte stress or injury, podocytes encounter structural changes, including rearrangement of the actin network and subsequent effacement of the foot processes. Immunosuppressive drugs, which are currently used as treatment in proteinuric kidney diseases, have been shown to exert not only immune-mediated effects. This review will focus on the direct effects of glucocorticoids, cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and rituximab on podocytes by regulation of Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ion channels and consecutive downstream signaling which prevent cytoskeletal rearrangements and ultimately proteinuria. In addition, the efficacy of these drugs in genetic nephrotic syndrome will be discussed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06670-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]],"date-time":"2025-01-24T19:02:27Z","timestamp":1737745347000},"page":"2729-2739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Ca2+-actin-cytoskeleton axis in podocytes is an important, non-immunologic target of immunosuppressive therapy in proteinuric kidney diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Agnes","family":"Hackl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz T.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6670_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00478.2012","volume":"304","author":"W Kriz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kriz W, Shirato I, Nagata M, LeHir M, Lemley KV (2013) The podocyte\u2019s response to stress: the enigma of foot process effacement. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 304:333\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00478.2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"key":"6670_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00810.x","volume":"57","author":"R Nitschke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nitschke R, Henger A, Ricken S, Gloy J, M\u00fcller V, Greger R, Pavenst\u00e4dt H (2000) Angiotensin II increases the intracellular calcium activity in podocytes of the intact glomerulus. Kidney Int 57:41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00810.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.71","volume":"86","author":"DV Ilatovskaya","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ilatovskaya DV, Palygin O, Chubinskiy-Nadezhdin V, Negulyaev YA, Ma R, Birnbaumer L, Staruschenko A (2014) Angiotensin II has acute effects on TRPC6 channels in podocytes of freshly isolated glomeruli. Kidney Int 86:506\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2014.71","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1097\/01.asn.0000127988.42710.a7","volume":"15","author":"S Hoffmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoffmann S, Podlich D, H\u00e4hnel B, Kriz W, Gretz N (2004) Angiotensin II type 1 receptor overexpression in podocytes induces glomerulosclerosis in transgenic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1475\u20131487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.asn.0000127988.42710.a7","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.383","volume":"52","author":"A Henger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Henger A, Huber T, Fischer KG, Nitschke R, Mundel P, Schollmeyer P, Greger R, Pavenst\u00e4dt H (1997) Angiotensin II increases the cytosolic calcium activity in rat podocytes in culture. Kidney Int 52:687\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1997.383","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2019020109","volume":"31","author":"J Binz-Lotter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Binz-Lotter J, J\u00fcngst C, Rinschen MM, Koehler S, Zentis P, Schauss A, Schermer B, Benzing T, Hackl MJ (2020) Injured podocytes are sensitized to angiotensin II\u2013induced calcium signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 31:532\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2019020109","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a011171","volume":"4","author":"MD Bootman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bootman MD (2012) Calcium signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:a011171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a011171","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"6670_CR8","unstructured":"Kerjaschki D (1978) Polycation-induced dislocation of slit diaphragms and formation of cell junctions in rat kidney glomeruli: the effects of low temperature, divalent cations, colchicine, and cytochalasin B. Lab Invest 39:430\u2013440. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/104090"},{"key":"6670_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106215","volume":"308","author":"MP Winn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Winn MP, Conlon PJ, Lynn KL, Farrington MK, Creazzo T, Hawkins AF, Daskalakis N, Kwan SY, Ebersviller S, Burchette JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Howell DN, Vance JM, Rosenberg PB (2005) A mutation in the TRPC6 cation channel causes familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Science 308:1801\u20131804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1106215","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6670_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00070.x","volume":"57","author":"J Reiser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reiser J, Pixley FJ, Hug A, Kriz W, Smoyer WE, Stanley ER, Mundel P (2000) Regulation of mouse podocyte process dynamics by protein tyrosine phosphatases rapid communication. Kidney Int 57:2035\u20132042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00070.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1990.274","volume":"38","author":"AV Cybulsky","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cybulsky AV, Bonventre JV, Quigg RJ, Lieberthal W, Salant DJ (1990) Cytosolic calcium and protein kinase C reduce complement-mediated glomerular epithelial injury. Kidney Int 38:803\u2013811. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1990.274","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1220","volume":"5","author":"J Riedl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riedl J, Crevenna AH, Kessenbrock K, Yu JH, Neukirchen D, Bista M, Bradke F, Jenne D, Holak TA, Werb Z, Sixt M, Wedlich-Soldner R (2008) Lifeact: a versatile marker to visualize F-actin. Nat Methods 5:605\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.1220","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"6670_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000481633","volume":"47","author":"P Garg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garg P (2018) A review of podocyte biology. Am J Nephrol 47:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000481633","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71702","volume":"124","author":"JL Burford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burford JL, Villanueva K, Lam L, Riquier-Brison A, Hackl MJ, Pippin J, Shankland SJ, Peti-Peterdi J (2014) Intravital imaging of podocyte calcium in glomerular injury and disease. J Clin Invest 124:2050\u20132058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI71702","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6670_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-019-0960-9","volume":"21","author":"A Staruschenko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Staruschenko A, Spires D, Palygin O (2019) Role of TRPC6 in progression of diabetic kidney disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 21:48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-019-0960-9","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F393","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00186.2015","volume":"309","author":"DV Ilatovskaya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A (2015) TRPC6 channel as an emerging determinant of the podocyte injury susceptibility in kidney diseases. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 309:F393\u2013F397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00186.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"key":"6670_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010044","volume":"9","author":"G Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall G, Wang L, Spurney RF (2019) TRPC channels in proteinuric kidney diseases. Cells 9:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9010044","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6670_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.04.001","volume":"1865","author":"SE Dryer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dryer SE, Roshanravan H, Kim EY (2019) TRPC channels: regulation, dysregulation and contributions to chronic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1865:1041\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.04.001","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"6670_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.10.001","volume":"40","author":"JL Pablo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pablo JL, Greka A (2019) Charting a TRP to novel therapeutic destinations for kidney diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 40:911\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2019.10.001","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"6670_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00242-0","volume":"20","author":"IS Daehn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daehn IS, Duffield JS (2021) The glomerular filtration barrier: a structural target for novel kidney therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 20:770\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-021-00242-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"6670_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7241","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312042200","volume":"279","author":"S Cayouette","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cayouette S, Lussier MP, Mathieu EL, Bousquet SM, Boulay G (2004) Exocytotic insertion of TRPC6 channel into the plasma membrane upon G q protein-coupled receptor activation. J Biol Chem 279:7241\u20137246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M312042200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6670_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1600371113","volume":"113","author":"P Chaudhuri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaudhuri P, Rosenbaum MA, Sinharoy P, Damron DS, Birnbaumer L, Graham LM (2016) Membrane translocation of TRPC6 channels and endothelial migration are regulated by calmodulin and PI3 kinase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:2110\u20132115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1600371113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6670_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47842","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M302983200","volume":"278","author":"A Dietrich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dietrich A, Mederos Y, Schnitzler M, Emmel J, Kalwa H, Hofmann T, Gudermann T (2003) N-linked protein glycosylation is a major determinant for basal TRPC3 and TRPC6 channel activity. J Biol Chem 278:47842\u201347852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M302983200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6670_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/16711","volume":"397","author":"T Hofmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hofmann T, Obukhov AG, Schaefer M, Harteneck C, Gudermann T, Schultz G (1999) Direct activation of human TRPC6 and TRPC3 channels by diacylglycerol. Nature 397:259\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/16711","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6670_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27359","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27359","volume":"274","author":"T Okada","year":"1999","unstructured":"Okada T, Inoue R, Yamazaki K, Maeda A, Kurosaki T, Yamakuni T, Tanaka I, Shimizu S, Ikenaka K, Imoto K, Mori Y (1999) Molecular and functional characterization of a novel mouse transient receptor potential protein homologue TRP7. Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel that is constitutively activated and enhanced by stimulation of G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem 274:27359\u201327370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.274.39.27359","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6670_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2009.08.001","volume":"19","author":"T Balla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balla T (2009) Green light to illuminate signal transduction events. Trends Cell Biol 19:575\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tcb.2009.08.001","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"6670_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407870-3.00007-X","volume":"71","author":"KT Cheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cheng KT, Ong HL, Liu X, Ambudkar IS (2013) Contribution and regulation of TRPC channels in store-operated Ca2+ entry. Curr Top Membr 71:149\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-407870-3.00007-X","journal-title":"Curr Top Membr"},{"key":"6670_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.02.008","volume":"184","author":"R Sonneveld","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sonneveld R, Van Der Vlag J, Baltissen MPA, Verkaart SAJ, Wetzels JFM, Berden JHM, Hoenderop JGJ, Nijenhuis T (2014) Glucose specifically regulates TRPC6 expression in the podocyte in an AngII-dependent manner. Am J Pathol 184:1715\u20131726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.02.008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6670_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010050522","volume":"22","author":"J Eckel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eckel J, Lavin PJ, Finch EA, Mukerji N, Burch J, Gbadegesin R, Wu G, Bowling B, Byrd A, Hall G, Sparks M, Zhang ZS, Homstad A, Barisoni L, Birbaumer L et al (2011) TRPC6 enhances angiotensin II-induced albuminuria. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:526\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2010050522","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2022","volume":"103","author":"A Staruschenko","year":"2023","unstructured":"Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE (2023) Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 103:787\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00013.2022","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"6670_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal4178","volume":"358","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Castonguay P, Sidhom E-H, Clark AR, Dvela-Levitt M, Kim S, Sieber J, Wieder N, Jung JY, Andreeva S, Reichardt J, Dubois F, Hoffmann SC, Basgen JM, Montesinos MS et al (2017) A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models. Science 358:1332\u20131336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aal4178","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6670_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00248","volume":"7","author":"J Tao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tao J, Lan Z, Wang Y, Hei H, Tian L, Pan W, Zhang X, Peng W (2016) Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in glomerulus: From cell signal integration to disease. Front Physiol 7:248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2016.00248","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6670_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014090853","volume":"26","author":"P Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu P, Wang Y, Davis ME, Zuckerman JE, Chaudhari S, Begg M, Ma R (2015) Store-operated Ca2+ channels in mesangial cells inhibit matrix protein expression. J Am Soc Nephrol 26:2691\u20132702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2014090853","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102528","volume":"24","author":"O Palygin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palygin O, Klemens CA, Isaeva E, Levchenko V, Spires DR, Dissanayake LV, Nikolaienko O, Ilatovskaya DV, Staruschenko A (2021) Characterization of purinergic receptor 2 signaling in podocytes from diabetic kidneys. IScience 24:102528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102528","journal-title":"IScience"},{"key":"6670_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-0209","volume":"65","author":"H Roshanravan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roshanravan H, Kim EY, Dryer SE (2016) NMDA receptors as potential therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy: increased renal NMDA receptor subunit expression in akita mice and reduced nephropathy following sustained treatment with memantine or MK-801. Diabetes 65:3139\u20133150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db16-0209","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"6670_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020101525","volume":"32","author":"L Djenoune","year":"2021","unstructured":"Djenoune L, Tomar R, Dorison A, Ghobrial I, Schenk H, Hegermann J, Beverly-Staggs L, Hidalgo-Gonzalez A, Little MH, Drummond IA (2021) Autonomous calcium signaling in human and zebrafish podocytes controls kidney filtration barrier morphogenesis. J Am Soc Nephrol 32:1697\u20131712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020101525","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2810240","volume":"28","author":"YC Tu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tu YC, Shu HP, Sun LL, Liao QQ, Feng L, Ren M, Yao LJ (2023) The physiopathologic roles of calcium signaling in podocytes. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 28:240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31083\/j.fbl2810240","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"6670_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.78","volume":"9","author":"PT Brinkkoetter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brinkkoetter PT, Ising C, Benzing T (2013) The role of the podocyte in albumin filtration. Nat Rev Nephrol 9:328\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2013.78","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01148","volume":"420","author":"S Etienne-Manneville","year":"2002","unstructured":"Etienne-Manneville S, Hall A (2002) Rho GTPases in cell biology. Nature 420:629\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01148","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6670_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.06.003","volume":"265","author":"M Raftopoulou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raftopoulou M, Hall A (2004) Cell migration: Rho GTPases lead the way. Dev Biol 265:23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.06.003","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"6670_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.020604.150721","volume":"21","author":"AB Jaffe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jaffe AB, Hall A (2005) Rho GTPases: Biochemistry and biology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21:247\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.21.020604.150721","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"6670_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092874","volume":"302","author":"AB Jaffe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jaffe AB, Hall A (2003) Smurfing at the Leading Edge. Science 302:1690\u20131691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1092874","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6670_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1986.tb01477.x","volume":"36","author":"K Ito","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ito K, Ger Y, Kawamura S (1986) Actin filament alterations in glomerular epithelial cells of adriamycin-induced nephrotic rats. Acta Pathol Jpn 36:253\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1986.tb01477.x","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Jpn"},{"key":"6670_CR44","unstructured":"Whiteside CI, Cameron R, Munk S, Levy J (1993) Podocytic cytoskeletal disaggregation and basement-membrane detachment in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. Am J Pathol 142:1641\u20131653. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8494056"},{"key":"6670_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02899534","volume":"60","author":"M Lachapelle","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lachapelle M, Bendayan M (1991) Contractile proteins in podocytes: immunocytochemical localization of actin and alpha-actinin in normal and nephrotic rat kidneys. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 60:105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02899534","journal-title":"Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol"},{"key":"6670_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200112849","volume":"108","author":"K Schwarz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwarz K, Simons M, Reiser J, Saleem MA, Faul C, Kriz W, Shaw AS, Holzman LB, Mundel P (2001) Podocin, a raft-associated component of the glomerular slit diaphragm, interacts with CD2AP and nephrin. J Clin Invest 108:1621\u20131629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI200112849","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6670_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63080-5","volume":"159","author":"NY Shih","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shih NY, Li J, Cotran R, Mundel P, Miner JH, Shaw AS (2001) CD2AP localizes to the slit diaphragm and binds to nephrin via a novel C-terminal domain. Am J Pathol 159:2303\u20132308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63080-5","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6670_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F769","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2001.281.4.F769","volume":"281","author":"T Welsch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Welsch T, Endlich N, Kriz W, Endlich K (2001) CD2AP and p130Cas localize to different F-actin structures in podocytes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281:F769\u2013F777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.2001.281.4.F769","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6670_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F585","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00290.2001","volume":"282","author":"H Yuan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yuan H, Takeuchi E, Salant DJ (2002) Podocyte slit-diaphragm protein nephrin is linked to the actin cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282:F585\u2013F591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00290.2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6670_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200114629","volume":"108","author":"D Kerjaschki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kerjaschki D (2001) Caught flat-footed: podocyte damage and the molecular bases of focal glomerulosclerosis. J Clin Invest 108:1583\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI200114629","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6670_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090772","volume":"302","author":"H-R Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang H-R, Zhang Y, Ozdamar B, Ogunjimi AA, Alexandrova E, Thomsen GH, Wrana JL (2003) Regulation of cell polarity and protrusion formation by targeting RhoA for degradation. Science 302:1775\u20131779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1090772","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6670_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105718","volume":"307","author":"B Ozdamar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozdamar B, Bose R, Barrios-Rodiles M, Wang H-R, Zhang Y, Wrana JL (2005) Regulation of the polarity protein Par6 by TGF\u00df receptors controls epithelial cell plasticity. Science 307:1603\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1105718","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"6670_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1400","volume":"8","author":"K Asanuma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Asanuma K, Yanagida-Asanuma E, Faul C, Tomino Y, Kim K, Mundel P (2006) Synaptopodin orchestrates actin organization and cell motility via regulation of RhoA signalling. Nat Cell Biol 8:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb1400","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"6670_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009010056","volume":"20","author":"N Jones","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jones N, New LA, Fortino MA, Eremina V, Ruston J, Blasutig IM, Aoudjit L, Zou Y, Liu X, Yu GL, Takano T, Quaggin SE, Pawson T (2009) Nck proteins maintain the adult glomerular filtration barrier. J Am Soc Nephrol 20:1533\u20131543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2009010056","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018080860","volume":"30","author":"I Tossidou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tossidou I, Teng B, Worthmann K, M\u00fcller-Deile J, Jobst-Schwan T, Kardinal C, Schroder P, Bolanos-Palmieri P, Haller H, Willerding J, Drost DM, de Jonge L, Reubold T, Eschenburg S, Johnson RI et al (2019) Tyrosine phosphorylation of cd2ap affects stability of the slit diaphragm complex. J Am Soc Nephrol 30:1220\u20131237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2018080860","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/s1097-2765(00)80057-x","volume":"1","author":"M Kestil\u00e4","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kestil\u00e4 M, Lenkkeri U, M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6 M, Lamerdin J, McCready P, Putaala H, Ruotsalainen V, Morita T, Nissinen M, Herva R, Kashtan CE, Peltonen L, Holmberg C, Olsen A, Tryggvason K (1998) Positionally cloned gene for a novel glomerular protein\u2013nephrin\u2013is mutated in congenital nephrotic syndrome. Mol Cell 1:575\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1097-2765(00)80057-x","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"6670_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05634-x","volume":"38","author":"M Krendel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krendel M, Leh S, Garone ME, Edwards-Richards A, Lin JJ, Brackman D, Knappskog P, Mikhailov A (2023) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria associated with Myo1E mutations: novel variants and histological phenotype analysis. Pediatr Nephrol 38:439\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05634-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014050489","volume":"26","author":"CE Sadowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadowski CE, Lovric S, Ashraf S, Pabst WL, Gee HY, Kohl S, Engelmann S, Vega-Warner V, Fang H, Halbritter J, Somers MJ, Tan W, Shril S, Fessi I, Lifton RP et al (2015) A single-gene cause in 29.5% of cases of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 26:1279\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2014050489","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071700","volume":"9","author":"J Blaine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blaine J, Dylewski J (2020) Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes. Cells 9:1700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9071700","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"6670_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400133","volume":"5","author":"J Aramburu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aramburu J, Heitman J, Crabtree GR (2004) Calcineurin: a central controller of signalling in eukaryotes. Workshop on the calcium\/calcineurin\/NFAT pathway: Regulation and function. EMBO Rep 5:343\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.embor.7400133","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1483","volume":"80","author":"F Rusnak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rusnak F, Mertz P (2000) Calcineurin: form and function. Physiol Rev 80:1483\u20131521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1483","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"6670_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wakamatsu A, Fukusumi Y, Hasegawa E, Tomita M, Watanabe T, Narita I, Kawachi H (2016) Role of calcineurin (CN) in kidney glomerular podocyte: CN inhibitor ameliorated proteinuria by inhibiting the redistribution of CN at the slit diaphragm. Physiol Rep 4:e12679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.12679","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12679"},{"key":"6670_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009121253","volume":"21","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Y, Jarad G, Tripathi P, Pan M, Cunningham J, Martin DR, Liapis H, Miner JH, Chen F (2010) Activation of NFAT signaling in podocytes causes glomerulosclerosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:1657\u20131666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2009121253","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1038\/357695a0","volume":"357","author":"NA Clipstone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Clipstone NA, Crabtree GR (1992) Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation. Nature 357:695\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/357695a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"6670_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1857","volume":"14","author":"C Faul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faul C, Donnelly M, Merscher-Gomez S, Chang YH, Franz S, Delfgaauw J, Chang JM, Choi HY, Campbell KN, Kim K, Reiser J, Mundel P (2008) The actin cytoskeleton of kidney podocytes is a direct target of the antiproteinuric effect of cyclosporine A. Nat Med 14:931\u2013938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.1857","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6670_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01190210","volume":"5","author":"AK B\u00fcscher","year":"2010","unstructured":"B\u00fcscher AK, Kranz B, B\u00fcscher R, Hildebrandt F, Dworniczak B, Pennekamp P, Kuwertz-Br\u00f6king E, Wingen AM, John U, Kemper M, Monnens L, Hoyer PF, Weber S, Konrad M (2010) Immunosuppression and renal outcome in congenital and pediatric steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:2075\u20132084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.01190210","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07830910","volume":"6","author":"M Gigante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gigante M, Caridi G, Montemurno E, Soccio M, D\u2019Apolito M, Cerullo G, Aucella F, Schirinzi A, Emma F, Massella L, Messina G, de Palo T, Ranieri E, Ghiggeri GM, Gesualdo L (2011) TRPC6 Mutations in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and atypical phenotype. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1626\u20131634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07830910","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015030318","volume":"27","author":"M Riehle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riehle M, B\u00fcscher AK, Gohlke BO, Ka\u00dfmann M, Kolatsi-Joannou M, Br\u00e4sen JH, Nagel M, Becker JU, Winyard P, Hoyer PF, Preissner R, Krautwurst D, Gollasch M, Weber S, Harteneck C (2016) TRPC6 G757D loss-of-function mutation associates with FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 27:2771\u20132783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2015030318","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ra77","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2001200","volume":"3","author":"D Tian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tian D, Jacobo SMP, Billing D, Rozkalne A, Gage SD, Anagnostou T, Pavenst\u00e4dt H, Hsu H-H, Schlondorff J, Ramos A, Greka A (2010) Antagonistic regulation of actin dynamics and cell motility by TRPC5 and TRPC6 channels. Sci Signal 3:ra77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.2001200","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"6670_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2012.06.003","volume":"32","author":"A Greka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Greka A, Mundel P (2012) Calcium regulates podocyte actin dynamics. Semin Nephrol 32:319\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2012.06.003","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3445","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI99507","volume":"128","author":"K Maeda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maeda K, Otomo K, Yoshida N, Abu-Asab MS, Ichinose K, Nishino T, Kono M, Ferretti A, Bhargava R, Maruyama S, Bickerton S, Fahmy TM, Tsokos MG, Tsokos GC (2018) CaMK4 compromises podocyte function in autoimmune and nonautoimmune kidney disease. J Clin Invest 128:3445\u20133459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI99507","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6670_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.12.022","volume":"99","author":"Q Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Q, Gulati A, Lemaire M, Nottoli T, Bale A, Tufro A (2021) Rho-GTPase Activating Protein myosin MYO9A identified as a novel candidate gene for monogenic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 99:1102\u20131117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2020.12.022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018070756","volume":"30","author":"OK Polat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Polat OK, Uno M, Maruyama T, Tran HN, Imamura K, Wong CF, Sakaguchi R, Ariyoshi M, Itsuki K, Ichikawa J, Morii T, Shirakawa M, Inoue R, Asanuma K, Reiser J et al (2019) Contribution of coiled-coil assembly to ca2+\/ calmodulin-dependent inactivation of TRPC6 channel and its impacts on FSGS-associated phenotypes. J Am Soc Nephrol 30:1587\u20131603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2018070756","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2079","volume":"16","author":"C Guilluy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guilluy C, Br\u00e9geon J, Toumaniantz G, Rolli-Derkinderen M, Retailleau K, Loufrani L, Henrion D, Scalbert E, Bril A, Torres RM, Offermanns S, Pacaud P, Loirand G (2010) The Rho exchange factor Arhgef1 mediates the effects of angiotensin II on vascular tone and blood pressure. Nat Med 16:183\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2079","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"6670_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1437","volume":"8","author":"Y Ohta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ohta Y, Hartwig JH, Stossel TP (2006) FilGAP, a Rho- and ROCK-regulated GAP for Rac binds filamin A to control actin remodelling. Nat Cell Biol 8:803\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb1437","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"6670_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46458","volume":"121","author":"S Akilesh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akilesh S, Suleiman H, Yu H, Stander MC, Lavin P, Gbadegesin R, Antignac C, Pollak M, Kopp JB, Winn MP, Shaw AS (2011) Arhgap24 inactivates Rac1 in mouse podocytes, and a mutant form is associated with familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. J Clin Invest 121:4127\u20134137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI46458","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6670_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saleem MA, Welsh GI (2019) Podocyte Rho GTPases: new therapeutic targets for nephrotic syndrome?. F1000Res 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.20105.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20105.1"},{"key":"6670_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","volume":"100","author":"BH Rovin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J, Bridoux F, Burdge KA, Chan TM, Cook HT, Fervenza FC, Gibson KL, Glassock RJ, Jayne DRW, Jha V, Liew A, Liu ZH, Mej\u00eda-Vilet JM et al (2021) KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 100:S1\u2013S276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12991117","volume":"13","author":"C Ponticelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ponticelli C, Locatelli F (2018) Glucocorticoids in the treatment of glomerular diseases: pitfalls and pearls. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 13:815\u2013822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.12991117","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.11.002","volume":"40","author":"RA Panettieri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panettieri RA, Schaafsma D, Amrani Y, Koziol-White C, Ostrom R, Tliba O (2019) Non-genomic effects of glucocorticoids: an updated view. Trends Pharmacol Sci 40:38\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2018.11.002","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"6670_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00161.2010.-Glu","volume":"299","author":"A Guess","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guess A, Agrawal S, Wei C-C, Ransom RF, Benndorf R, Smoyer WE (2010) Dose-and time-dependent glucocorticoid receptor signaling in podocytes. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol 299:845\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00161.2010.-Glu","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Ren Physiol"},{"key":"6670_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1159\/000131892","volume":"109","author":"T Wada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wada T, Pippin JW, Nangaku M, Shankland SJ (2008) Dexamethasone\u2019s prosurvival benefits in podocytes require extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. Nephron Exp Nephrol 109:e8\u2013e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000131892","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001655","volume":"70","author":"CY Xing","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xing CY, Saleem MA, Coward RJ, Ni L, Witherden IR, Mathieson PW (2006) Direct effects of dexamethasone on human podocytes. Kidney Int 70:1038\u20131045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5001655","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab016","volume":"37","author":"M van den Broek","year":"2022","unstructured":"van den Broek M, Smeets B, Schreuder MF, Jansen J (2022) The podocyte as a direct target of glucocorticoids in nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 37:1808\u20131815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfab016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6670_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652059","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/652059","volume":"2012","author":"S Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu S, Yu L (2012) Dexamethasone resisted podocyte injury via stabilizing TRPC6 expression and distribution. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2012:652059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/652059","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"6670_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.9.3775","volume":"89","author":"F Castellino","year":"1992","unstructured":"Castellino F, Heuser J, Marchetti S, Bruno B, Luini A (1992) Glucocorticoid stabilization of actin filaments: a possible mechanism for inhibition of corticotropin release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:3775\u20133779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.89.9.3775","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6670_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-2143(99)90069-0","volume":"133","author":"SB Koukouritaki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koukouritaki SB, Lianos EA (1999) Glucocorticoid effect on human mesangial cell cytoskeletal proteins. J Lab Clin Med 133:378\u2013383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-2143(99)90069-0","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"6670_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001625","volume":"70","author":"K Yamauchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamauchi K, Takano Y, Kasai A, Hayakawa K, Hiramatsu N, Enomoto N, Yao J, Kitamura M (2006) Screening and identification of substances that regulate nephrin gene expression using engineered reporter podocytes. Kidney Int 70:892\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5001625","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-011-0479-0","volume":"15","author":"T Ohashi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ohashi T, Uchida K, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Nitta K (2011) Dexamethasone increases the phosphorylation of nephrin in cultured podocytes. Clin Exp Nephrol 15:688\u2013693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-011-0479-0","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326986","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/326986","volume":"2013","author":"LY Yu-Shengyou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu-Shengyou LY (2013) Dexamethasone inhibits podocyte apoptosis by stabilizing the PI3K\/Akt signal pathway. Biomed Res Int 2013:326986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/326986","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"6670_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq366","volume":"26","author":"DC Bohr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bohr DC, Koch M, Kritzenberger M, Fuchshofer R, Tamm ER (2011) Increased expression of olfactomedin-1 and myocilin in podocytes during puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26:83\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfq366","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6670_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015060672","volume":"28","author":"SK Mallipattu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mallipattu SK, Guo Y, Revelo MP, Roa-Pe\u00f1a L, Miller T, Ling J, Shankland SJ, Bialkowska AB, Ly V, Estrada C, Jain MK, Lu Y, Ma\u2019Ayan A, Mehrotra A, Yacoub R et al (2017) Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 15 mediates glucocorticoid-induced restoration of podocyte differentiation markers. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:166\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2015060672","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19122","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.345983","volume":"287","author":"SK Mallipattu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mallipattu SK, Liu R, Zheng F, Narla G, Ma\u2019ayan A, Dikman S, Jain MK, Saleem M, D\u2019Agati V, Klotman P, Chuang PY, He JC (2012) Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) is a key regulator of podocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 287:19122\u201319135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M112.345983","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6670_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3726","volume":"42","author":"SS Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han SS, Yu MY, Yoo KD, Lee JP, Kim DK, Kim YS, Yang SH (2018) Loss of KLF15 accelerates chronic podocyte injury. Int J Mol Med 42:1593\u20131602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2018.3726","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"6670_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2012.01645.x","volume":"17","author":"H Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu H, Gao X, Xu H, Feng C, Kuang X, Li Z, Zha X (2012) \u03b1-Actinin-4 is involved in the process by which dexamethasone protects actin cytoskeleton stabilization from adriamycin-induced podocyte injury. Nephrology 17:669\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2012.01645.x","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"6670_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06810-y","volume":"7","author":"JC McCaffrey","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCaffrey JC, Webb NJ, Poolman TM, Fresquet M, Moxey C, Zeef LAH, Donaldson IJ, Ray DW, Lennon R (2017) Glucocorticoid therapy regulates podocyte motility by inhibition of Rac1. Sci Rep 7:6725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-06810-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-015-2528-6","volume":"409","author":"B Lewko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lewko B, Waszkiewicz A, Maryn A, Go\u0142os M, Latawiec E, Daca A, Witkowski JM, Angielski S, St\u0119pi\u0144ski J (2015) Dexamethasone-dependent modulation of cyclic GMP synthesis in podocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 409:243\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-015-2528-6","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"6670_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00723.x","volume":"68","author":"RF Ransom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ransom RF, Lam NG, Hallett MA, Atkinson SJ, Smoyer WE (2005) Glucocorticoids protect and enhance recovery of cultured murine podocytes via actin filament stabilization. Kidney Int 68:2473\u20132483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00723.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24392","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24392","volume":"6","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Chanley MA, Westbrook D, Nie X, Kitao T, Guess AJ, Benndorf R, Hidalgo G, Smoyer WE (2016) Pioglitazone enhances the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Sci Rep 6:24392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep24392","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010080878","volume":"22","author":"J Vassiliadis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vassiliadis J, Bracken C, Matthews D, O\u2019Brien S, Schiavi S, Wawersik S (2011) Calcium mediates glomerular filtration through calcineurin and mTORC2\/Akt signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:1453\u20131461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2010080878","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32087","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32087","volume":"6","author":"X Shen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shen X, Jiang H, Ying M, Xie Z, Li X, Wang H, Zhao J, Lin C, Wang Y, Feng S, Shen J, Weng C, Lin W, Wang H, Zhou Q et al (2016) Calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporin A and tacrolimus protect against podocyte injury induced by puromycin aminonucleoside in rodent models. Sci Rep 6:32087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep32087","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.06.033","volume":"179","author":"T Nijenhuis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nijenhuis T, Sloan AJ, Hoenderop JGJ, Flesche J, Van Goor H, Kistler AD, Bakker M, Bindels RJM, De Boer RA, M\u00f6ller CC, Hamming I, Navis G, Wetzels JFM, Berden JHM, Reiser J et al (2011) Angiotensin II contributes to podocyte injury by increasing TRPC6 expression via an NFAT-mediated positive feedback signaling pathway. Am J Pathol 179:1719\u20131732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.06.033","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"6670_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1106556","volume":"365","author":"VD D\u2019Agati","year":"2011","unstructured":"D\u2019Agati VD, Kaskel FJ, Falk RJ (2011) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. N Engl J Med 365:2398\u20132411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1106556","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6670_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21983","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101052R","volume":"35","author":"H Yasuda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yasuda H, Fukusumi Y, Ivanov V, Zhang Y, Kawachi H (2021) Tacrolimus ameliorates podocyte injury by restoring FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) at actin cytoskeleton. FASEB J 35:e21983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.202101052R","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"6670_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132724","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132724","volume":"10","author":"R Liao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liao R, Liu Q, Zheng Z, Fan J, Peng W, Kong Q, He H, Yang S, Chen W, Tang X, Yu X (2015) Tacrolimus protects podocytes from injury in lupus nephritis partly by stabilizing the cytoskeleton and inhibiting podocyte apoptosis. PLoS One 10:e0132724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0132724","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"6670_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81061","volume":"125","author":"J Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu J, Zheng C, Wang X, Yun S, Zhao Y, Liu L, Lu Y, Ye Y, Zhu X, Zhang C, Shi S, Liu Z (2015) MicroRNA-30 family members regulate calcium\/calcineurin signaling in podocytes. J Clin Invest 125:4091\u20134106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI81061","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"6670_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.08.031","volume":"93","author":"J Fu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu J, Wang Z, Lee K, Wei C, Liu Z, Zhang M, Zhou M, Cai M, Zhang W, Chuang PY, Ma\u2019ayan A, He JC, Liu Z (2018) Transcriptomic analysis uncovers novel synergistic mechanisms in combination therapy for lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 93:416\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2017.08.031","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6670_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1991.tb03747.x","volume":"33","author":"EM Eugui","year":"1991","unstructured":"Eugui EM, Mirkovich A, Allison AC (1991) Lymphocyte-selective antiproliferative and immunosuppressive effects of mycophenolic acid in mice. Scand J Immunol 33:175\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1991.tb03747.x","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"6670_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3437-y","volume":"32","author":"A Hackl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hackl A, Ehren R, Weber LT (2017) Effect of mycophenolic acid in experimental, nontransplant glomerular diseases: new mechanisms beyond immune cells. Pediatr Nephrol 32:1315\u20131322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-016-3437-y","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31326-z","volume":"13","author":"SED Abo Zed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abo Zed SED, Hackl A, Bohl K, Ebert L, Kieckh\u00f6fer E, M\u00fcller C, Becker K, Fink G, N\u00fcsken K-D, N\u00fcsken E, M\u00fcller R-U, Schermer B, Weber LT (2023) Mycophenolic acid directly protects podocytes by preserving the actin cytoskeleton and increasing cell survival. Sci Rep 13:4281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-31326-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41222-1","volume":"13","author":"A Hackl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hackl A, N\u00fcsken E, Voggel J, Abo Zed SED, Binz-Lotter J, Unnersj\u00f6-Jess D, M\u00fcller C, Fink G, Bohl K, Wiesner E, Diefenhardt P, Dafinger C, Chen H, Wohlfarth M, M\u00fcller RU et al (2023) The effect of mycophenolate mofetil on podocytes in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Sci Rep 13:14167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-41222-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6670_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0133","volume":"2","author":"AD Salama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Salama AD, Pusey CD (2006) Drug Insight: rituximab in renal disease and transplantation. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2:221\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpneph0133","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-004-1434-z","volume":"19","author":"K Benz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Benz K, D\u00f6tsch J, Rascher W, Stachel D (2004) Change of the course of steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome after rituximab therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 19:794\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-004-1434-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85ra46","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002231","volume":"3","author":"A Fornoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fornoni A, Sageshima J, Wei C, Merscher-Gomez S, Aguillon-Prada R, Jauregui AN, Li J, Mattiazzi A, Ciancio G, Chen L, Zilleruelo G, Abitbol C, Chandar J, Seeherunvong W, Ricordi C et al (2011) Rituximab targets podocytes in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Transl Med 3:85ra46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002231","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"6670_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013111213","volume":"26","author":"TH Yoo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoo TH, Pedigo CE, Guzman J, Correa-Medina M, Wei C, Villarreal R, Mitrofanova A, Leclercq F, Faul C, Li J, Kretzler M, Nelson RG, Lehto M, Forsblom C, Groop PH et al (2015) Sphingomyelinase-like phosphodiesterase 3b expression levels determine podocyte injury phenotypes in glomerular disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 26:133\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2013111213","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805697","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.805697","volume":"13","author":"B Basu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basu B, Angeletti A, Islam B, Ghiggeri GM (2022) New and old anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for nephrotic syndrome. Where we are? Front Immunol 13:805697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.805697","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"6670_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101121","volume":"28","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Schnaidt S, Lipska-Zi\u0229tkiewicz BS, Bodria M, Ozaltin F, Emma F, Anarat A, Melk A, Azocar M, Oh J, Saeed B, Gheisari A, Caliskan S, Gellermann J, Higuita LMS et al (2017) Long-term outcome of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:3055\u20133065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016101121","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07370715","volume":"11","author":"AK B\u00fcscher","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00fcscher AK, Beck BB, Melk A, Hoefele J, Kranz B, Bamborschke D, Baig S, Lange-Sperandio B, Jungraithmayr T, Weber LT, Kemper MJ, T\u04e7nshoff B, Hoyer PF, Konrad M, Weber S (2016) Rapid response to cyclosporin and favorable renal outcome in nongenetic versus genetic steroid\u2013resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:245\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07370715","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1468-3","volume":"25","author":"J Gellermann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gellermann J, Stefanidis CJ, Mitsioni A, Querfeld U (2010) Successful treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with WT1 mutations. Pediatr Nephrol 25:1285\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-010-1468-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6670_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1518-x","volume":"25","author":"A Sinha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sinha A, Sharma S, Gulati A, Sharma A, Agarwala S, Hari P, Bagga A (2010) Frasier syndrome: Early gonadoblastoma and cyclosporine responsiveness. Pediatr Nephrol 25:2171\u20132174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-010-1518-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06670-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06670-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06670-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T06:05:25Z","timestamp":1753423525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06670-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["6670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06670-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}