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This study aimed to examine the oral health of children with CKD, nephrotic syndrome (NS), and children that received kidney transplantation (KTR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2013control study was conducted involving children with CKD stages 1\u20133, children with CKD stages 4\u20135, pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and children with NS. Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) were evaluated using the DDE Index, while dental caries was assessed with the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT). Plaque and debris were measured utilizing the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), which includes the two subindices Simplified Calculus Index (CI-S) and Simplified Debris Index (DI-S).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with CKD 1\u20133, CKD 4\u20135, and KTR presented with significantly higher DI-S and CI-S scores and significantly more DDE. There was no difference in the DMFT score in children with CKD 4\u20135 and KTR. For children with CKD 1\u20133, a significantly lower DMFT score was observed compared to the control group. Children with NS did not show any differences for DI-S, CI-S, DMFT, and DDE compared to healthy peers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral health status is not affected in children with NS. Children with CKD 1\u20133, CKD 4\u20135, and KTR have more plaque, debris, and DDE and should be surveyed regularly by their dentists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06698-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T16:16:15Z","timestamp":1738685775000},"page":"2287-2293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Oral health status in children with chronic kidney disease, kidney transplantation, and nephrotic syndrome: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Beyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Ebach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Reutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Sauerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina Christine","family":"Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Krickau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Tzschoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Woelfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Galiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Thomas","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6698_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0410-1","volume":"22","author":"BA Warady","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warady BA, Chadha V (2007) Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. 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