{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:03:22Z","timestamp":1772445802190,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06923-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T14:48:44Z","timestamp":1756133324000},"page":"921-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Green nephrology: environmentally sustainable kidney care in pediatrics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Leina","family":"Kingdom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie-Mich\u00e8le","family":"Gaudreault-Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1814-4219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mallory L.","family":"Downie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"6923_CR1","unstructured":"Yale Environment 360 (2022) Extreme weather events have increased significantly in the last 20 years. https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/digest\/extreme-weather-events-have-increased-significantly-in-the-last-20-years. Accessed 9 January 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab19e1","volume":"14","author":"P-P Pichler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pichler P-P, Jaccard IS, Weisz U, Weisz H (2019) International comparison of health care carbon footprints. Environ Res Lett 14:064004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab19e1","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"6923_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2010.00523.x","volume":"15","author":"A Connor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Connor A, Lillywhite R, Cooke MW (2011) The carbon footprints of home and in-center maintenance hemodialysis in the United Kingdom. Hemodial Int 15:39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2010.00523.x","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"6923_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300776","volume":"102","author":"LH Brown","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brown LH, Buettner PG, Canyon DV (2012) The energy burden and environmental impact of health services. Am J Public Health 102:e76\u2013e82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300776","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"6923_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.11.018","volume":"8","author":"N Rao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rao N, Rajan T, Stigant C (2023) Quantification of recyclable peritoneal dialysis plastics in a home dialysis program\u2013an opportunity for resource stewardship. Kidney Int Rep 8:365\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.11.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6923_CR6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Environmentally sustainable health systems: a strategic document. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/environmentally-sustainable-health-systems"},{"key":"6923_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1","volume":"27","author":"J Harambat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ (2012) Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol 27:363\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae159","volume":"39","author":"M Makhloufi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Makhloufi M, Cottinet P-J, Ranchin B et al (2024) Haemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis in children: an eco-audit. Nephrol Dial Transplant 39:1927\u20131929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae159","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6923_CR9","unstructured":"Chaaraoui L (2023) Young people are worried about climate change, and rightfully so. Harvard Polit Rev https:\/\/harvardpolitics.com\/youth-climate-worries\/. Accessed 10 October 2024"},{"key":"6923_CR10","unstructured":"Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pirani A et al (2021) Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA"},{"key":"6923_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199825040-00002","volume":"25","author":"B Falk","year":"1998","unstructured":"Falk B (1998) Effects of thermal stress during rest and exercise in the paediatric population. Sports Med 25:221\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199825040-00002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"6923_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2021.0614","volume":"36","author":"R Alam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alam R, Wu WJ, Alam A et al (2022) Association between temperature and inpatient stone admission in a pediatric population. J Endourol 36:1243\u20131248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/end.2021.0614","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"6923_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04596-2","volume":"36","author":"AS Abeyagunawardena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abeyagunawardena AS, Shroff R (2021) CKDu: the known unknowns. Pediatr Nephrol 36:219\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04596-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000932","volume":"33","author":"AC Alvarez- Elias","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alvarez-Elias AC, Brenner BM, Luyckx VA (2024) Climate change and its influence in nephron mass. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 33:102\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000932","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"6923_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2046","volume":"32","author":"JM Balbus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balbus JM, Boxall AB, Fenske RA et al (2013) Implications of global climate change for the assessment and management of human health risks of chemicals in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem Setac 32:62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etc.2046","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem Setac"},{"key":"6923_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3222-3","volume":"31","author":"DK Weidemann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weidemann DK, Weaver VM, Fadrowski JJ (2016) Toxic environmental exposures and kidney health in children. Pediatr Nephrol 31:2043\u20132054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3222-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10110692","volume":"10","author":"MD Politis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Politis MD, Yao M, Gennings C et al (2022) Prenatal metal exposures and associations with kidney injury biomarkers in children. Toxics 10:692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics10110692","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"6923_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2023-065504","volume":"153","author":"S Ahdoot","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahdoot S, Baum CR, Cataletto MB et al (2024) Climate change and children\u2019s health: building a healthy future for every child. Pediatrics 153:e2023065504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2023-065504","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"6923_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e466","DOI":"10.3928\/19382359-20171116-01","volume":"46","author":"M Hauptman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hauptman M, Woolf AD (2017) Childhood ingestions of environmental toxins: what are the risks? Pediatr Ann 46:e466\u2013e471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/19382359-20171116-01","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"6923_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.94","volume":"11","author":"A Kataria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kataria A, Trasande L, Trachtman H (2015) The effects of environmental chemicals on renal function. Nat Rev Nephrol 11:610\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2015.94","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114144","volume":"214","author":"C Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo C, Chang L-Y, Wei X et al (2022) Multi-pollutant air pollution and renal health in Asian children and adolescents: an 18-year longitudinal study. Environ Res 214:114144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114144","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"6923_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.769734","volume":"8","author":"MA Grillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grillo MA, Mariani G, Ferraris JR (2022) Prematurity and low birth weight in neonates as a risk factor for obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease in pediatric and adult age. Front Med 8:769734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.769734","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"6923_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang M, Mueller NT, Wang H et al (2018) Maternal exposure to ambient PM2.5 during pregnancy and the risk for high blood pressure in childhood. Hypertens 72:194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10944","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10944"},{"key":"6923_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.02.012","volume":"230","author":"W Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi W, Schooling CM, Leung GM, Zhao JV (2024) Early-life exposure to ambient air pollutants and kidney function in adolescents: a cohort study based on the \u201cChildren of 1997\u201d Hong Kong birth cohort. Public Health 230:59\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.02.012","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6923_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13100","volume":"22","author":"P Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia P, Cao X, Yang H et al (2021) Green space access in the neighbourhood and childhood obesity. Obes Rev 22(Suppl 1):e13100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13100","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"6923_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v4.i2.223","volume":"4","author":"W Ding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ding W, Cheung WW, Mak RH (2015) Impact of obesity on kidney function and blood pressure in children. World J Nephrol 4:223\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5527\/wjn.v4.i2.223","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(04)01081-9","volume":"44","author":"C Kitiyakara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kitiyakara C, Eggers P, Kopp JB (2004) Twenty-one-year trend in ESRD due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 44:815\u2013825","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6923_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0410-1","volume":"22","author":"BA Warady","year":"2007","unstructured":"Warady BA, Chadha V (2007) Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 22:1999\u20132009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0410-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106174","volume":"146","author":"C Warembourg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Warembourg C, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Ballester F et al (2021) Urban environment during early-life and blood pressure in young children. Environ Int 146:106174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106174","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"6923_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0577-7","volume":"18","author":"Y Inoue","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inoue Y, Howard AG, Thompson AL et al (2017) The association between urbanization and reduced renal function: findings from the China health and nutrition survey. BMC Nephrol 18:160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-017-0577-7","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01426-1","volume":"12","author":"C Mora","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mora C, McKenzie T, Gaw IM et al (2022) Over half of known human pathogenic diseases can be aggravated by climate change. Nat Clim Chang 12:869\u2013875","journal-title":"Nat Clim Chang"},{"key":"6923_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100748","volume":"18","author":"T Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang T, Nickerson R, Zhang W et al (2024) The impacts of animal agriculture on one health-bacterial zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, and beyond. One Health 18:100748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2024.100748","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"6923_CR33","unstructured":"CEPI (2023) How climate change increases pandemic risk. https:\/\/cepi.net\/\/how-climate-change-increases-pandemic-risk-0. Accessed 16 April 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.4129","volume":"8","author":"L Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li L, Zhou T, Lu Y et al (2025) Kidney function following COVID-19 in children and adolescents. JAMA Netw Open 8:e254129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.4129","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"6923_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stevens J, Herberg JA, Levin M (2016) Infectious diseases and the kidney in children. In: Avner E, Harmon W, Niaudet P et al (eds) Pediatric Nephrology. Sprin, 7th ed. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1609\u20131654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-43596-0_47","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-43596-0_47"},{"key":"6923_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2023.151466","volume":"43","author":"A Batte","year":"2023","unstructured":"Batte A, Shahrin L, Granado RC-D et al (2023) Infections and acute kidney injury: a global perspective. Semin Nephrol 43:151466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2023.151466","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06508-0","volume":"40","author":"B Nagarajan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagarajan B, Cabrera A, Miller MR, Kirpalani A (2025) The impact of climate variation on the spread of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli. Pediatr Nephrol 40:159\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06508-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002965","volume":"146","author":"JE Simmering","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simmering JE, Cavanaugh JE, Polgreen LA, Polgreen PM (2018) Warmer weather as a risk factor for hospitalisations due to urinary tract infections. Epidemiol Infect 146:386\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268817002965","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"6923_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204993612199137","DOI":"10.1177\/2049936121991374","volume":"8","author":"JP Burnham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burnham JP (2021) Climate change and antibiotic resistance: a deadly combination. Ther Adv Infect Dis 8:2049936121991374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2049936121991374","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"6923_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz325","volume":"75","author":"KJ Downes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Downes KJ, Hayes M, Fitzgerald JC et al (2020) Mechanisms of antimicrobial-induced nephrotoxicity in children. J Antimicrob Chemother 75:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkz325","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"6923_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59010049","volume":"59","author":"I Dicu-Andreescu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dicu-Andreescu I, Penescu MN, C\u0103pu\u0219\u0103 C, Verzan C (2022) Chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infections and antibiotic nephrotoxicity: are there any relationships? Medicina (Mex) 59:49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina59010049","journal-title":"Medicina (Mex)"},{"key":"6923_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4103\/ijn.ijn_59_23","volume":"33","author":"P Meena","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meena P, Anandh U, Bajpai D (2023) Kidney health for vulnerable: challenges and solutions. Indian J Nephrol 33:2\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijn.ijn_59_23","journal-title":"Indian J Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021111520","volume":"33","author":"MF Blum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blum MF, Feng Y, Anderson GB et al (2022) Hurricanes and mortality among patients receiving dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:1757\u20131766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2021111520","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-021-00360-w","volume":"7","author":"K Nagai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagai K, Barraclough K, Ueda A, Itsubo N (2021) Sustainability in dialysis therapy: Japanese local and global challenge. Ren Replace Ther 7:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41100-021-00360-w","journal-title":"Ren Replace Ther"},{"key":"6923_CR45","unstructured":"CDC (2024) Disruptions in availability of peritoneal dialysis and intravenous solutions from Baxter international facility in North Carolina. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthcare-associated-infections\/bulletins\/shortage-of-iv-and-peritoneal-dialysis-solutions.html. Accessed 12 January 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608251313959","volume":"45","author":"S Watnick","year":"2025","unstructured":"Watnick S, Mehrotra R (2025) Emergency shortages of PD solutions in the United States: how can we be better prepared in the future? Perit Dial Int 45:67\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08968608251313959","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"6923_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3863-5","volume":"33","author":"S Ploos van Amstel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ploos van Amstel S, Noordzij M, Warady BA et al (2018) Renal replacement therapy for children throughout the world: the need for a global registry. Pediatr Nephrol 33:863\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-017-3863-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nephro.2021.06.001","volume":"17","author":"J Harambat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harambat J, Madden I, Hogan J (2021) Epidemiology of pediatric chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Ther 17:476\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nephro.2021.06.001","journal-title":"Nephrol Ther"},{"key":"6923_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000940","volume":"33","author":"E Phua","year":"2024","unstructured":"Phua E, Shen Y (2024) The climate impact of dialysis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 33:97\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000940","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"6923_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0245-1","volume":"16","author":"KA Barraclough","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barraclough KA, Agar JWM (2020) Green nephrology. Nat Rev Nephrol 16:257\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0245-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR51","unstructured":"Whirlpool (n.d.) How much water does a washing machine use? https:\/\/www.whirlpool.com\/blog\/washers-and-dryers\/he-washing-machine-water-usage.html. Accessed 15 May 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13585","volume":"43","author":"JWM Agar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agar JWM (2019) Dialysis and the environment: seeking a more sustainable future. Artif Organs 43:1123\u20131129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.13585","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"6923_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1071\/AH13022","volume":"37","author":"AEK Lim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lim AEK, Perkins A, Agar JWM (2013) The carbon footprint of an Australian satellite haemodialysis unit. Aust Health Rev 37:369\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/AH13022","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"key":"6923_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2009.01255.x","volume":"15","author":"JW Agar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agar JW (2010) Conserving water in and applying solar power to haemodialysis: \u2018green dialysis\u2019 through wiser resource utilization. Nephrology 15:448\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2009.01255.x","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"6923_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00734-z","volume":"33","author":"GB Piccoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piccoli GB, Cupisti A, Aucella F et al (2020) Green nephrology and eco-dialysis: a position statement by the Italian Society of Nephrology. J Nephrol 33:681\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-020-00734-z","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR56","unstructured":"BC Renal (2022) Green initiative: project to reduce plastic waste in dialysis units proves highly successful. http:\/\/www.bcrenal.ca\/research\/bc-kidney-research-in-focus\/2022\/project-to-reduce-plastic-waste-in-dialysis-units. Accessed 28 October 2024"},{"key":"6923_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2022010086","volume":"33","author":"AR Sehgal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sehgal AR, Slutzman JE, Huml AM (2022) Sources of variation in the carbon footprint of hemodialysis treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:1790\u20131795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2022010086","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR58","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"T Wiedmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wiedmann T, Minx J (2008) A definition of \u2018carbon footprint.\u2019 Ecol Econ Res Trends 1:1\u201311","journal-title":"Ecol Econ Res Trends"},{"key":"6923_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq150","volume":"103","author":"A Connor","year":"2010","unstructured":"Connor A, Lillywhite R, Cooke MW (2010) The carbon footprint of a renal service in the United Kingdom. QJM 103:965\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcq150","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"6923_CR60","unstructured":"Sustainable Columbia (2010) Environmental life cycle assessment of drinking water alternatives and consumer beverage consumption in North America. https:\/\/sustainable.columbia.edu\/content\/environmental-life-cycle-assessment-drinking-water-alternatives-and-consumer-beverage. Accessed 12 January 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson S (2025) Green\/eco-dialysis. In: Peritoneal Dialysis in the Modern Era, Karkar A (ed) IntechOpen, London, United Kingdom","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1009183"},{"key":"6923_CR62","unstructured":"LED Rhythm (2024) What is the equivalent wattage for LED bulbs? https:\/\/ledrhythm.com\/news\/what-is-the-equivalent-wattage-for-led-bulbs.html. Accessed 15 May 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.06.015","volume":"128","author":"AS Pollard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pollard AS, Paddle JJ, Taylor TJ, Tillyard A (2014) The carbon footprint of acute care: how energy intensive is critical care? Public Health 128:771\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.06.015","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"6923_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae238","volume":"17","author":"A Rydzewska-Roso\u0142owska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rydzewska-Roso\u0142owska A, G\u0142owi\u0144ska I, Kakareko K et al (2024) How low can we go with the dialysate flow? A retrospective study on the safety and adequacy of a water-saving dialysis prescription. Clin Kidney J 17:sfae238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae238","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6923_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.80.119","volume":"80","author":"T Kashiwagi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kashiwagi T, Sato K, Kawakami S et al (2013) Effects of reduced dialysis fluid flow in hemodialysis. J Nippon Med Sch Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi 80:119\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1272\/jnms.80.119","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi"},{"key":"6923_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880703000704","volume":"30","author":"J Kult","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kult J, Stapf E (2007) Changing emphasis in modern hemodialysis therapies: cost-effectiveness of delivering higher doses of dialysis. Int J Artif Organs 30:577\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/039139880703000704","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"6923_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.04.008","volume":"104","author":"MB Hmida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hmida MB, Mechichi T, Piccoli GB, Ksibi M (2023) Water implications in dialysis therapy, threats and opportunities to reduce water consumption: a call for the planet. Kidney Int 104:46\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.04.008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6923_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-024-01989-6","volume":"37","author":"F Tarrass","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarrass F, Benjelloun M, Piccoli GB (2024) Hemodialysis water reuse within a circular economy approach. What can we add to current knowledge? A point of view. J Nephrol 37:1801\u20131805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-024-01989-6","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz284","volume":"35","author":"G Bendine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bendine G, Autin F, Fabre B et al (2020) Haemodialysis therapy and sustainable growth: a corporate experience in France. Nephrol Dial Transplant 35:2154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfz284","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6923_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae144","volume":"17","author":"M Pruijm","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pruijm M, Rho E, Woywodt A, Segerer S (2024) Ten tips from the Swiss Working Group on Sustainable Nephrology on how to go green in your dialysis unit. Clin Kidney J 17:sfae144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae144","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6923_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09810911","volume":"7","author":"JWM Agar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agar JWM, Perkins A, Tjipto A (2012) Solar-assisted hemodialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7:310\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.09810911","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-JBN-2019-0134","volume":"41","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Upadhyay A (2019) Dialyzer reuse: is it safe and worth it? J Bras Nefrol 41:312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2175-8239-JBN-2019-0134","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"key":"6923_CR73","first-page":"321","volume":"17","author":"PY Schoenfeld","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schoenfeld PY (1997) The technology of dialyzer reuse. Semin Nephrol 17:321\u2013330","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR74","unstructured":"Davita Kidney Care (n.d.) Dialyzer reuse for dialysis. http:\/\/www.davita.com\/treatment-services\/dialysis\/dialyzer-reuse-for-dialysis. Accessed 8 May 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01040207","volume":"2","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Sosa MA, Jaber BL (2007) Single-use versus reusable dialyzers: the known unknowns. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:1079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.01040207","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.11.027","volume":"9","author":"J van der Meulen","year":"2023","unstructured":"van der Meulen J (2023) Green nephrology: citrate, the green alternative to heparin in hemodialysis. Kidney Int Rep 9:191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.11.027","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6923_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14081614","volume":"14","author":"J Gibbs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gibbs J, Cappuccio FP (2022) Plant-based dietary patterns for human and planetary health. Nutrients 14:1614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14081614","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"6923_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adair KE, Bowden RG (2020) Ameliorating chronic kidney disease using a whole food plant-based diet. Nutrients 12:1007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12041007","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041007"},{"key":"6923_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05334-y","volume":"37","author":"LN Shah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah LN, Matheson MB, Furth SL et al (2021) Low variability of plant protein intake in the CKiD cohort does not demonstrate changes in estimated GFR nor electrolyte balance. Pediatr Nephrol 37:1647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05334-y","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-05875-4","volume":"38","author":"J Nhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nhan J, Sgambat K, Moudgil A (2023) Plant-based diets: a fad or the future of medical nutrition therapy for children with chronic kidney disease? Pediatr Nephrol 38:3597\u20133609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-023-05875-4","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06030-9","volume":"39","author":"R Munshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munshi R, Swartz SJ (2024) Incremental dialysis: review of the literature with pediatric perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 39:49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-023-06030-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3186-3","volume":"31","author":"LA Tjaden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tjaden LA, Grootenhuis MA, Noordzij M, Groothoff JW (2015) Health-related quality of life in patients with pediatric onset of end-stage renal disease: state of the art and recommendations for clinical practice. Pediatr Nephrol 31:1579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3186-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2024.01.001","volume":"22","author":"N-A Anastasopoulos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anastasopoulos N-A, Papalois V (2024) Environmentally sustainable kidney care through transplantation: current status and future challenges. Surgeon 22:233\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surge.2024.01.001","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"6923_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ti.2022.10315","volume":"35","author":"R Rana Magar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rana Magar R, Knight S, Stojanovic J et al (2022) Is preemptive kidney transplantation associated with improved outcomes when compared to non-preemptive kidney transplantation in children? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transpl Int 35:10315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ti.2022.10315","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"key":"6923_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.07.028","volume":"90","author":"S Amaral","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amaral S, Sayed BA, Kutner N, Patzer RE (2016) Preemptive kidney transplantation is associated with survival benefits among pediatric patients with end stage renal disease. Kidney Int 90:1100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.07.028","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6923_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07851109","volume":"5","author":"AO Staples","year":"2010","unstructured":"Staples AO, Greenbaum LA, Smith JM et al (2010) Association between clinical risk factors and progression of chronic kidney disease in children. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5:2172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07851109","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6923_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12117","volume":"18","author":"L Ponson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ponson L, Arkouche W, Laville M (2014) Toward green dialysis: focus on water savings. Hemodial Int 18:7\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hdi.12117","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"6923_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-6686.2007.tb00056.x","volume":"33","author":"R James","year":"2007","unstructured":"James R (2007) Dialysis and the environment: comparing home and unit based haemodialysis. J Ren Care 33:119\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1755-6686.2007.tb00056.x","journal-title":"J Ren Care"},{"key":"6923_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205435812412468","DOI":"10.1177\/20543581241246835","volume":"11","author":"D Bajpai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bajpai D, Hailu W, Bagasha P et al (2024) Challenges to implementing environmentally sustainable kidney care in LMICs: an opinion piece. Can J Kidney Health Dis 11:20543581241246836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20543581241246835","journal-title":"Can J Kidney Health Dis"},{"key":"6923_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0007002021","volume":"3","author":"R Kalyesubula","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalyesubula R, Brewster U, Kansiime G (2022) Global dialysis perspective: Uganda. Kidney360 3:933\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/KID.0007002021","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"6923_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s40124-021-00256-7","volume":"9","author":"CI Esezobor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Esezobor CI, Alakaloko AE, Admani B et al (2021) Paediatric nephrology in Africa. Curr Pediatr Rep 9:134\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40124-021-00256-7","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"6923_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.09.034","volume":"105","author":"VA Luyckx","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luyckx VA, Alasfar S, Bajpai D et al (2024) Providing environmentally sustainable nephrology care: focus in low- and middle-income countries. Kidney Int 105:259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.09.034","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6923_CR93","unstructured":"Centre for Sustainable Healthcare (n.d.) Leading a\u00a0sustainable transformation\u00a0in healthcare. https:\/\/sustainablehealthcare.org.uk\/. Accessed 12 January 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR94","unstructured":"Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology (n.d.) Green Nephrology. https:\/\/nephrology.edu.au\/#greennephrology^0. Accessed 12 January 2025"},{"key":"6923_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s44263-023-00007-4","volume":"1","author":"RK Wanyenze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wanyenze RK, Alfv\u00e9n T, Ndejjo R et al (2023) Sustainable health\u2014a call to action. BMC Glob Public Health 1:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s44263-023-00007-4","journal-title":"BMC Glob Public Health"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06923-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06923-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06923-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T09:12:46Z","timestamp":1772442766000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06923-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6923"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06923-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}