{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T04:12:51Z","timestamp":1789791171336,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Hospital Administration, National Health Commission Project of China","award":["23H1110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H1110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06929-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T05:42:02Z","timestamp":1756273322000},"page":"663-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of L-carnitine in children with kidney failure undergoing dialysis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6929_CR1","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease Network (2021) Global burden of disease study 2021 (GBD 2021) Results. https:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-results\/. (Accessed on 14 April 2025)"},{"key":"6929_CR2","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System (2023) 2023 Annual data report. https:\/\/usrds-adr.niddk.nih.gov\/2023\/end-stage-renal-disease\/8-esrd-among-children-and-adolescents. (Accessed on 05 June 2024)"},{"key":"6929_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03261931","volume":"51","author":"SE Reuter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reuter SE, Evans AM (2012) Carnitine and acylcarnitines: pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Clin Pharmacokinet 51:553\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03261931","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"6929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328602300608","volume":"23","author":"S Rodriguez-Segade","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Segade S, Alonso de la Pe\u00f1a C, Paz M, Novoa D, Romero R, Arcocha V et al (1986) Carnitine concentrations in dialysed and undialysed patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Ann Clin Biochem 23:671\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/000456328602300608","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"6929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(03)00110-0","volume":"41","author":"G Eknoyan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eknoyan G, Latos DL, Lindberg J (2003) Practice recommendations for the use of L-carnitine in dialysis-related carnitine disorder. National Kidney Foundation Carnitine Consensus Conference. Am J Kidney Dis 41:868\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0272-6386(03)00110-0","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.47.1391","volume":"47","author":"Y Kudoh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kudoh Y, Shoji T, Oimatsu H, Yoshida S, Kikuchi K, Iimura O (1983) The role of L-carnitine in the pathogenesis of cardiomegaly in patients with chronic hemodialysis. Jpn Circ J 47:1391\u20131397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1253\/jcj.47.1391","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"6929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00812.x","volume":"66","author":"T Shoji","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shoji T, Tsubakihara Y, Fujii M, Imai E (2004) Hemodialysis-associated hypotension as an independent risk factor for two-year mortality in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 66:1212\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00812.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6929_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.4490857","volume":"69","author":"J Kletzmayr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kletzmayr J, Mayer G, Legenstein E, Heinz-Peer G, Leitha T, H\u00f6rl WH et al (1999) Anemia and carnitine supplementation in hemodialyzed patients. Kidney Int Suppl 69:S93-106","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"6929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.12431211","volume":"7","author":"L Mercadal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mercadal L, Coudert M, Vassault A, Pieroni L, Debure A, Ouziala M et al (2012) L-carnitine treatment in incident hemodialysis patients: the multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled CARNIDIAL trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 7:1836\u20131842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.12431211","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.27.040187.001353","volume":"27","author":"JJ Bahl","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bahl JJ, Bressler R (1987) The pharmacology of carnitine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 27:257\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.pa.27.040187.001353","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"6929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sizova ZM, Shikh EV, Makhova AA (2019) Significance of L-carnitine in internal medicine. Ter Arkh 91:114\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26442\/00403660.2019.01.000040","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2019.01.000040"},{"key":"6929_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04862-3","volume":"36","author":"K Sgambat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sgambat K, Clauss S, Moudgil A (2021) Effect of levocarnitine supplementation on myocardial strain in children with acute kidney injury receiving continuous kidney replacement therapy: a pilot study. Pediatr Nephrol 36:1607\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04862-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12341","volume":"20","author":"K Sgambat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sgambat K, Moudgil A (2016) Carnitine deficiency in children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Hemodial Int 20:63\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hdi.12341","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"key":"6929_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00a0KDOQI (2009) clinical practice guideline for nutrition in children with CKD: 2008 update. Executive summary. Am J Kidney Dis 53:S11\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.11.017","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.11.017"},{"key":"6929_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.37","volume":"2","author":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes Anemia Work Group","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes Anemia Work Group (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl 2:279\u2013335","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"6929_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112138-20210601-00384","volume":"61","author":"Intradialytic Hypotension Prevention and Treatment Expert Working Group, Renal and Blood Purification Committee, Chinese Medicine Education Society","year":"2022","unstructured":"Intradialytic Hypotension Prevention and Treatment Expert Working Group, Renal and Blood Purification Committee, Chinese Medicine Education Society (2022) Expert consensus on the prevention and treatment of intradialytic hypotension. Chin J Intern Med 61:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112138-20210601-00384","journal-title":"Chin J Intern Med"},{"key":"6929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6929_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6929_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A (2010) Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 25:603\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-023-03562-9","volume":"80","author":"J Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen J, Huang L, Zeng L, Jiang Z, Xiong M, Jia ZJ et al (2024) The reference range of lamotrigine in the treatment of epilepsy in children: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 80:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-023-03562-9","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"6929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-020-00238-8","volume":"7","author":"LL Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma LL, Wang YY, Yang ZH, Huang D, Weng H, Zeng XT (2020) Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better? Mil Med Res 7:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40779-020-00238-8","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"6929_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054935","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1054935","volume":"14","author":"J Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen J, Jiao XF, Zhang L, Zhang M, Zeng L, Liu D et al (2023) The impact of levothyroxine therapy on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in euthyroid pregnant women with thyroid autoimmunity: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Front Pharmacol 14:1054935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1054935","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","volume":"64","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist G, Kunz R, Brozek J, Alonso-Coello P et al (2011) GRADE guidelines: 4. Rating the quality of evidence\u2013study limitations (risk of bias). J Clin Epidemiol 64:407\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"6929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1159\/000168064","volume":"10","author":"BA Warady","year":"1990","unstructured":"Warady BA, Borum P, Stall C, Millspaugh J, Taggart E, Lum G (1990) Carnitine status of pediatric patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Nephrol 10:109\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000168064","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2021.03.009","volume":"32","author":"F Hamedi-Kalajahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Imani H, Mojtahedi S, Shabbidar S (2022) Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on inflammatory markers and serum glucose in hemodialysis children: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Ren Nutr 32:144\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2021.03.009","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"6929_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05080-1","volume":"36","author":"F Hamedi-Kalajahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Zarezadeh M, Mojtahedi SY, Shabbidar S, Fahimi D, Imani H (2021) Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and apolipoproteins in children on hemodialysis: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Nephrol 36:3741\u20133747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05080-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-012-2144-6","volume":"27","author":"K Sgambat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sgambat K, Frank L, Ellini A, Sable C, Moudgil A (2012) Carnitine supplementation improves cardiac strain rate in children on chronic hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 27:1381\u20131387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-012-2144-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5114\/polp.2021.112397","volume":"96","author":"GM El-Mashad","year":"2021","unstructured":"El-Mashad GM, El-Hawy MA, NaserBahbah HM, Bedair HM, Habib MI (2021) The effect of L-carnitine therapy on anaemia therapy in paediatric patients on regular haemodialysis. Pediatr Pol 96:238\u2013244","journal-title":"Pediatr Pol"},{"key":"6929_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1302-2","volume":"18","author":"C Ko\u015fan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ko\u015fan C, Sever L, Arisoy N, Cali\u015fkan S, Kasap\u00e7opur O (2003) Carnitine supplementation improves apolipoprotein B levels in pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients. Pediatr Nephrol 18:1184\u20131188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-003-1302-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2003.270","volume":"23","author":"TH El-Metwally","year":"2003","unstructured":"El-Metwally TH, Hamed EA, Ahmad AR, Mohamed NA (2003) Dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in children with chronic renal failure: effects of L-carnitine supplementation. Ann Saudi Med 23:270\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5144\/0256-4947.2003.270","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"6929_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1998.tb01397.x","volume":"40","author":"R Topalo\u011flu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Topalo\u011flu R, Celiker A, Saat\u00e7i U, Kilin\u00e7 K, Bakkalo\u011flu A, Be\u015fba\u015f N et al (1998) Effect of carnitine supplementation on cardiac function in hemodialyzed children. Acta Paediatr Jpn 40:26\u201329","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Jpn"},{"key":"6929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1276-9","volume":"25","author":"B Aoun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aoun B, B\u00e9rard E, Vitkevic R, Deh\u00e9e A, Bensman A, Ulinski T (2010) L-carnitine supplementation and EPO requirement in children on chronic hemodialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 25:557\u2013560. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-009-1276-9","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.V133708","volume":"13","author":"JM Hurot","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hurot JM, Cucherat M, Haugh M, Fouque D (2002) Effects of L-carnitine supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:708\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/asn.V133708","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.062802","volume":"99","author":"Y Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Y, Abbate M, Tang L, Cai G, Gong Z, Wei R et al (2014) L-carnitine supplementation for adults with end-stage kidney disease requiring maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 99:408\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.113.062802","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6929_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000355751","volume":"38","author":"H Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang H, Song L, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhao W (2013) Influence of L-carnitine supplementation on serum lipid profile in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney Blood Press Res 38:31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000355751","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"6929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou J, Yang T (2020) The efficacy of L-carnitine in improving malnutrition in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a meta-analysis. Bioscience Rep 40:BSR20201639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20201639","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20201639"},{"key":"6929_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.031","volume":"52","author":"KE Lynch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lynch KE, Feldman HI, Berlin JA, Flory J, Rowan CG, Brunelli SM (2008) Effects of L-carnitine on dialysis-related hypotension and muscle cramps: a meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 52:962\u2013971. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.031","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6929_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0271307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271307","volume":"17","author":"A Chewcharat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chewcharat A, Chewcharat P, Liu W, Cellini J, Phipps EA, Melendez Young JA et al (2022) The effect of levocarnitine supplementation on dialysis-related hypotension: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis. PLoS One 17:e0271307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0271307","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6929_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670000423","volume":"15","author":"MR Lilien","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lilien MR, Duran M, Quak JM, Frankhuisen JJ, Schr\u00f6der CH (2000) Oral L-carnitine does not decrease erythropoietin requirement in pediatric dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 15:17\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004670000423","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0408-8","volume":"22","author":"E Verrina","year":"2007","unstructured":"Verrina E, Caruso U, Calevo MG, Emma F, Sorino P, De Palo T et al (2007) Effect of carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and anemia in children on chronic dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 22:727\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0408-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1527-3","volume":"20","author":"D Ashby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashby D, Borman N, Burton J, Corbett R, Davenport A, Farrington K et al (2019) Renal Association Clinical Practice Guideline on Haemodialysis. BMC Nephrol 20:379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-019-1527-3","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6929_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","volume":"76","author":"TA Ikizler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ikizler TA, Burrowes JD, Byham-Gray LD, Campbell KL, Carrero JJ, Chan W et al (2020) KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in CKD: 2020 update. Am J Kidney Dis 76:S1\u2013S107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.006","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6929_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","volume":"105","author":"KDIGO","year":"2024","unstructured":"KDIGO (2024) clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105:S117-s314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6929_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12553","volume":"21","author":"HR Ibarra-Sifuentes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ibarra-Sifuentes HR, Del Cueto-Aguilera \u00c1, Gallegos-Arguijo DA, Castillo-Torres SA, Vera-Pineda R, Mart\u00ednez-Granados RJ et al (2017) Levocarnitine decreases intradialytic hypotension episodes: a randomized controlled trial. Ther Apher Dial 21:459\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-9987.12553","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06929-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06929-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06929-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:02:05Z","timestamp":1769608925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06929-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["6929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06929-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}