{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:04:03Z","timestamp":1793318643067,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06965-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T12:17:47Z","timestamp":1761049067000},"page":"1303-1333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pediatric kidney health outcomes in communities impacted by chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu): a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5348-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Strasma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anisha","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabela Agi","family":"Maluli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Blackwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"Gunasekara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Mangala C. S.","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivedita","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Gonzalez-Quiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison P.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishad","family":"Jayasundara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"6965_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw346","volume":"32","author":"C Jayasumana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jayasumana C, Orantes C, Herrera R, Almaguer M, Lopez L, Silva LC et al (2017) Chronic interstitial nephritis in agricultural communities: a worldwide epidemic with social, occupational and environmental determinants. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32:234\u2013241","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6965_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1813869","volume":"380","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Johnson RJ, Wesseling C, Newman LS (2019) Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in agricultural communities. N Engl J Med 380:1843\u20131852","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6965_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.10.062","volume":"63","author":"R Correa-Rotter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Correa-Rotter R, Wesseling C, Johnson RJ (2014) CKD of unknown origin in Central America: the case for a Mesoamerican nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 63:506\u2013520","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR4","first-page":"27","volume":"27","author":"S Ramachandran","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ramachandran S (1994) Renal diseases: Sri Lankan and global spectrum. J Ceylon Coll Phys 27:27\u201335","journal-title":"J Ceylon Coll Phys"},{"key":"6965_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892002000900009","volume":"12","author":"RG Trabanino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trabanino RG, Aguilar R, Silva CR, Mercado MO, Merino RL (2002) End-stage renal disease among patients in a referral hospital in El Salvador. Rev Panam Salud Publica 12:202\u2013206","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"6965_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.05.019","volume":"62","author":"J Wijkstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wijkstr\u00f6m J, Leiva R, Elinder CG, Leiva S, Trujillo Z, Trujillo L et al (2013) Clinical and pathological characterization of mesoamerican nephropathy: a new kidney disease in Central America. Am J Kidney Dis 62:908\u2013918","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.03.898","volume":"6","author":"S Gunawardena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gunawardena S, Dayaratne M, Wijesinghe H, Wijewickrama E (2021) A systematic review of renal pathology in chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology. Kidney Int Rep 6:1711\u20131728","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6965_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S270709","volume":"13","author":"V Sanchez Polo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanchez Polo V, Garcia-Trabanino R, Rodriguez G, Madero M (2020) Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN): what we know so far. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 13:261\u2013272","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx136","volume":"11","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Quiroz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Quiroz M, Pearce N, Caplin B, Nitsch D (2018) What do epidemiological studies tell us about chronic kidney disease of undetermined cause in Meso-America? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Kidney J 11:496\u2013506","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6965_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/21650799241235410","volume":"72","author":"E Hansson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hansson E, Jakobsson K, Glaser JR, Wesseling C, Chavarr\u00eda D, Lucas RAI et al (2024) Association between acute kidney injury hospital visits and environmental heat stress at a Nicaraguan sugarcane plantation. Workplace Health Saf 72:131\u2013142","journal-title":"Workplace Health Saf"},{"key":"6965_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.11.1369","volume":"10","author":"E Hansson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hansson E, Glaser JR, Wesseling C, Jakobsson K, Raines NH, Weiss I et al (2024) Heat-related kidney injury precedes estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in workers at risk of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Rep 10:948\u2013951","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6965_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-124","volume":"15","author":"C Jayasumana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayasumana C, Gajanayake R, Siribaddana S (2014) Importance of arsenic and pesticides in epidemic chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka. BMC Nephrol 15:124","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.136527","volume":"716","author":"V Delgado Quezada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delgado Quezada V, Altamirano Espinoza M, Bundschuh J (2020) Arsenic in geoenvironments of Nicaragua: exposure, health effects, mitigation and future needs. Sci Total Environ 716:136527","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"6965_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-021-00292-x","volume":"32","author":"J Butler-Dawson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Butler-Dawson J, James KA, Krisher L, Jaramillo D, Dally M, Neumann N et al (2022) Environmental metal exposures and kidney function of Guatemalan sugarcane workers. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 32:461\u2013471","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"6965_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2010.04.016","volume":"198","author":"JMRS Bandara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bandara JMRS, Wijewardena HVP, Liyanege J, Upul MA, Bandara JMUA (2010) Chronic renal failure in Sri Lanka caused by elevated dietary cadmium: trojan horse of the green revolution. Toxicol Lett 198:33\u201339","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"6965_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00504","volume":"10","author":"JC Ulrich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ulrich JC, Hoffman K, Gunasekara TDKSC, Sandamini PMMA, Jackson BP, De Silva PMCS et al (2023) Glyphosate and fluoride in high-hardness drinking water are positively associated with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. Environ Sci Technol Lett 10:916\u2013923","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"6965_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-02049-4","volume":"21","author":"TB Ananda Jayalal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ananda Jayalal TB, Mahawithanage STC, Senanayaka SMHMK, Dassanayaka PB (2020) Evidence of selected nephrotoxic elements in Sri Lankan human autopsy bone samples of patients with CKDu and controls. BMC Nephrol 21:384","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-14-180","volume":"14","author":"N Jayatilake","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jayatilake N, Mendis S, Maheepala P, Mehta FR (2013) Chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology: prevalence and causative factors in a developing country. BMC Nephrol 14:180","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03381-1","volume":"24","author":"A Strasma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Strasma A, Reyes \u00c1M, Arag\u00f3n A, L\u00f3pez I, Park LP, Hogan SL et al (2023) Kidney disease characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors in Le\u00f3n, Nicaragua: a population-based study. BMC Nephrol 24:335","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-015-0475-1","volume":"20","author":"S Nanayakkara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanayakkara S, Senevirathna STMLD, Parahitiyawa NB, Abeysekera T, Chandrajith R, Ratnatunga N et al (2015) Whole-exome sequencing reveals genetic variants associated with chronic kidney disease characterized by tubulointerstitial damages in North Central Region, Sri Lanka. Environ Health Prev Med 20:354\u2013359","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"6965_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2404848121","volume":"121","author":"DJ Friedman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Friedman DJ, Leone DA, Amador JJ, Kupferman J, Francey LJ, Lopez-Pilarte D et al (2024) Genetic risk factors for Mesoamerican nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 121:e2404848121","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"6965_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP92S110","volume":"93","author":"R Herrera Vald\u00e9s","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herrera Vald\u00e9s R, Almaguer L\u00f3pez M, Orantes Navarro CM, L\u00f3pez Mar\u00edn L, Brizuela D\u00edaz EG, Bayarre Vea H et al (2020) Chronic interstitial nephritis of nontraditional causes in Salvadoran agricultural communities. Clin Nephrol 93:60\u201367","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.109058","volume":"182","author":"Z Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu Z, Hu X, Tong S, Cheng J (2020) Heat and risk of acute kidney injury: an hourly-level case-crossover study in Queensland, Australia. Environ Res 182:109058","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"6965_CR24","first-page":"442","volume":"81","author":"SG Coca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coca SG, Singanamala S, Parikh CR (2012) Chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Kidney In 81:442\u2013448","journal-title":"Kidney In"},{"key":"6965_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/23328940.2020.1826841","volume":"8","author":"CL Chapman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chapman CL, Johnson BD, Parker MD, Hostler D, Pryor RR, Schlader Z (2020) Kidney physiology and pathophysiology during heat stress and the modification by exercise, dehydration, heat acclimation and aging. Temperature (Austin) 8:108\u2013159","journal-title":"Temperature (Austin)"},{"key":"6965_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.08.022","volume":"67","author":"RL Laws","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laws RL, Brooks DR, Amador JJ, Weiner DE, Kaufman JS, Ram\u00edrez-Rubio O et al (2016) Biomarkers of kidney injury among Nicaraguan sugarcane workers. Am J Kidney Dis 67:209\u2013217","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.07.007","volume":"142","author":"R Garc\u00eda-Trabanino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Trabanino R, Jarqu\u00edn E, Wesseling C, Johnson RJ, Gonz\u00e1lez-Quiroz M, Weiss I et al (2015) Heat stress, dehydration, and kidney function in sugarcane cutters in El Salvador\u2013a cross-shift study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environ Res 142:746\u2013755","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"6965_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.02.002","volume":"147","author":"C Wesseling","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wesseling C, Arag\u00f3n A, Gonz\u00e1lez M, Weiss I, Glaser J, Bobadilla NA et al (2016) Kidney function in sugarcane cutters in Nicaragua \u2013 a longitudinal study of workers at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Environ Res 147:125\u2013132","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"6965_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1093\/annweh\/wxae007","volume":"68","author":"E Hansson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hansson E, Jakobsson K, Glaser J, Wesseling C, Chavarria D, Lucas RAI et al (2024) Impact of heat and a rest-shade-hydration intervention program on productivity of piece-paid industrial agricultural workers at risk of chronic kidney disease of nontraditional origin. Ann Work Expos Health 68:366\u2013375","journal-title":"Ann Work Expos Health"},{"key":"6965_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2020-106406","volume":"77","author":"J Glaser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glaser J, Hansson E, Weiss I, Wesseling C, Jakobsson K, Ekstr\u00f6m U et al (2020) Preventing kidney injury among sugarcane workers: promising evidence from enhanced workplace interventions. Occup Environ Med 77:527\u2013534","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"6965_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3659","volume":"44","author":"DH Wegman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wegman DH, Apelqvist J, Bottai M, Ekstr\u00f6m U, Garc\u00eda-Trabanino R, Glaser J et al (2018) Intervention to diminish dehydration and kidney damage among sugarcane workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 44:16\u201324","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"6965_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.16831221","volume":"17","author":"MW Holliday","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holliday MW, Li Q, Bustamante EG, Niu J, Huang L, Espina IM et al (2022) Potential mechanisms involved in chronic kidney disease of unclear etiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1293\u20131304","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR33","first-page":"6","volume":"14","author":"C Jayasumana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jayasumana C, Paranagama P, Agampodi S, Wijewardane C, Gunatilake S, Siribaddana S (2015) Drinking well water and occupational exposure to Herbicides is associated with chronic kidney disease, in Padavi-Sripura. Sri Lanka Environ Health 14:6","journal-title":"Sri Lanka Environ Health"},{"key":"6965_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2018.1480157","volume":"53","author":"S Gunarathna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunarathna S, Gunawardana B, Jayaweera M, Manatunge J, Zoysa K (2018) Glyphosate and AMPA of agricultural soil, surface water, groundwater and sediments in areas prevalent with chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology, Sri Lanka. J Environ Sci Health B 53:729\u2013737","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health B"},{"key":"6965_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.10.029","volume":"96","author":"M Siddarth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siddarth M, Datta SK, Mustafa MD, Ahmed RS, Banerjee BD, Kalra OP et al (2014) Increased level of organochlorine pesticides in chronic kidney disease patients of unknown etiology: role of GSTM1\/GSTT1 polymorphism. Chemosphere 96:174\u2013179","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"6965_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0254-0","volume":"16","author":"M Valcke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valcke M, Levasseur ME, Soares da Silva A, Wesseling C (2017) Pesticide exposures and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology: an epidemiologic review. Environ Health 16:49","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"6965_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad151","volume":"53","author":"M Gonzalez-Quiroz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Quiroz M, Heggeseth B, Camacho A, Oomatia A, Al-Rashed AM, Zhang Y et al (2024) Population-level detection of early loss of kidney function: 7-year follow-up of a young adult cohort at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. Int J Epidemiol 53:dyad151","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"6965_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-0963-9","volume":"19","author":"T Milagres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milagres T, Garc\u00eda-Arroyo FE, Lanaspa MA, Garcia G, Ishimoto T, Andres-Hernando A et al (2018) Rehydration with fructose worsens dehydration-induced renal damage. BMC Nephrol 19:180","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R189","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00351.2018","volume":"316","author":"CL Chapman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chapman CL, Johnson BD, Sackett JR, Parker MD, Schlader ZJ (2019) Soft drink consumption during and following exercise in the heat elevates biomarkers of acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 316:R189\u2013198","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"6965_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.37757\/MR2014.V16.N2.4","volume":"16","author":"N Raines","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raines N, Gonz\u00e1lez M, Wyatt C, Kurzrok M, Pool C, Lemma T et al (2014) Risk factors for reduced glomerular filtration rate in a Nicaraguan community affected by Mesoamerican nephropathy. MEDICC Rev 16:16\u201322","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"key":"6965_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2010.494333","volume":"32","author":"SL Sanoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sanoff SL, Callejas L, Alonso CD, Hu Y, Colindres RE, Chin H et al (2010) Positive association of renal insufficiency with agriculture employment and unregulated alcohol consumption in Nicaragua. Ren Fail 32:766\u2013777","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"6965_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.06.010","volume":"83","author":"KL Rogers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rogers KL, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Leiva R, Stem A, Wijkstrom J, Serpas L et al (2024) Silica nanoparticles and Mesoamerican nephropathy: a case series. Am J Kidney Dis 83:420\u2013423","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F477","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00251.2023","volume":"326","author":"CA Roncal-Jimenez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roncal-Jimenez CA, Rogers KL, Stem A, Wijkstrom J, Wernerson A, Fox J et al (2024) Intranasal administration of sugarcane ash causes chronic kidney disease in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 326:F477\u2013484","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6965_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F48","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00021.2022","volume":"323","author":"F Sasai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sasai F, Rogers KL, Orlicky DJ, Stem A, Schaeffer J, Garcia G et al (2022) Inhaled silica nanoparticles cause chronic kidney disease in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 323:F48\u201358","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"6965_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-019-00444-x","volume":"42","author":"W Fernando","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fernando W, Nanayakkara N, Gunarathne L, Chandrajith R (2020) Serum and urine fluoride levels in populations of high environmental fluoride exposure with endemic CKDu: a case-control study from Sri Lanka. Environ Geochem Health 42:1497\u20131504","journal-title":"Environ Geochem Health"},{"key":"6965_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8670974","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8670974","volume":"2020","author":"WPRT Perera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perera WPRT, Dayananda MDNR, Liyanage JA (2020) Exploring the root cause for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) via analysis of metal ion and counterion contaminants in drinking water: a study in Sri Lanka. J Chem 2020:8670974","journal-title":"J Chem"},{"key":"6965_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000480691","volume":"138","author":"CW Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang CW (2018) Leptospirosis renal disease: emerging culprit of chronic kidney disease unknown etiology. Nephron 138:129\u2013136","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"6965_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10773525.2016.1275462","volume":"23","author":"A Riefkohl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riefkohl A, Ram\u00edrez-Rubio O, Laws RL, McClean MD, Weiner DE, Kaufman JS et al (2017) Leptospira seropositivity as a risk factor for Mesoamerican nephropathy. Int J Occup Environ Health 23:1\u201310","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"key":"6965_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001630","volume":"71","author":"CD Gamage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gamage CD, Nanayakkara S, Sarathkumara YD, Muthusinghe DS, Shimizu K, Arikawa J et al (2022) Hantavirus infection as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) and its prevalence in endemic areas of Sri Lanka since 2010 according to a retrospective serological analysis. J Med Microbiol 71:001630","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"6965_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.556737","volume":"10","author":"NP Sunil-Chandra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sunil-Chandra NP, Jayaweera JAAS, Kumbukgolla W, Jayasundara MVML (2020) Association of Hantavirus infections and leptospirosis with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: a prospective study with patients and healthy persons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:556737","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"6965_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018020151","volume":"29","author":"M Gonzalez-Quiroz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Quiroz M, Smpokou ET, Silverwood RJ, Camacho A, Faber D, Garcia BLR et al (2018) Decline in kidney function among apparently healthy young adults at risk of Mesoamerican nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:2200\u20132212","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.08.020","volume":"94","author":"RSB Fischer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fischer RSB, Vangala C, Mandayam S, Chavarria D, Garc\u00eda-Trabanino R, Garcia F et al (2018) Clinical markers to predict progression from acute to chronic kidney disease in Mesoamerican nephropathy. Kidney Int 94:1205\u20131216","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6965_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.05.012","volume":"39","author":"P Blumenshine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blumenshine P, Egerter S, Barclay CJ, Cubbin C, Braveman PA (2010) Socioeconomic disparities in adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Prev Med 39:263\u2013272","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"6965_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106902","volume":"158","author":"S McElroy","year":"2022","unstructured":"McElroy S, Ilango S, Dimitrova A, Gershunov A, Benmarhnia T (2022) Extreme heat, preterm birth, and stillbirth: a global analysis across 14 lower-middle income countries. Environ Int 158:106902","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"6965_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.12055","volume":"7","author":"LA Darrow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Darrow LA, Huang M, Warren JL, Strickland MJ, Holmes HA, Newman AJ et al (2024) Preterm and early-term delivery after heat waves in 50 US metropolitan areas. JAMA Netw Open 7:e2412055","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"6965_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000607","volume":"30","author":"MC Starr","year":"2018","unstructured":"Starr MC, Hingorani SR (2018) Prematurity and future kidney health: the growing risk of chronic kidney disease. Curr Opin Pediatr 30:228\u2013235","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"6965_CR57","first-page":"677","volume":"29","author":"M Berhane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berhane M, Workineh N, Girma T, Lim R, Lee KJ, Nguyen CD et al (2019) Prevalence of low birth weight and prematurity and associated factors in neonates in Ethiopia: results from a hospital-based observational study. Ethiop J Health Sci 29:677\u2013688","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"key":"6965_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0130-0","volume":"7","author":"A Vaiserman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaiserman A (2015) Epidemiologic evidence for association between adverse environmental exposures in early life and epigenetic variation: a potential link to disease susceptibility? Clin Epigenetics 7:96","journal-title":"Clin Epigenetics"},{"key":"6965_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13452","volume":"20","author":"DJ Simpson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simpson DJ, Chandra T (2021) Epigenetic age prediction. Aging Cell 20:e13452","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"6965_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1929.tb15729.x","volume":"2","author":"LJJ Nye","year":"1929","unstructured":"Nye LJJ (1929) An investigation of the extraordinary incidence of chronic nephritis in young people in Queensland. Med J Aust 2:145\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1929.tb15729.x","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"6965_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.143","volume":"28","author":"WM Bennett","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bennett WM (1985) Lead nephropathy. Kidney Int 28:212\u2013220","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6965_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.024","volume":"52","author":"G Bamias","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bamias G, Boletis J (2008) Balkan nephropathy: evolution of our knowledge. Am J Kidney Dis 52:606\u2013616","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1277-8","volume":"24","author":"V Stefanovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stefanovic V, Cukuranovic R, Djordjevic V, Jovanovic I, Lecic N, Rajic M (2009) Tubular marker excretion in children from families with Balkan nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 24:2155\u20132166","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011458","volume":"6","author":"MJ Downes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Downes MJ, Brennan ML, Williams HC, Dean RS (2016) Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open 6:e011458","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"6965_CR65","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Tools | JBI [Internet]. https:\/\/jbi.global\/critical-appraisal-tools. Accessed 17 Apr 2023"},{"key":"6965_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.37757\/MR2014.V16.N2.9","volume":"16","author":"XF Vela","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vela XF, Henr\u00edquez DO, Zelaya SM, Granados DV, Hern\u00e1ndez MX, Orantes CM (2014) Chronic kidney disease and associated risk factors in two Salvadoran farming communities, 2012. MEDICC Rev 16:55\u201360","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"key":"6965_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v58i4.6304","volume":"58","author":"S Wijetunge","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wijetunge S, Ratnatunga NV, Abeysekera DT, Wazil AW, Selvarajah M, Ratnatunga CN (2013) Retrospective analysis of renal histology in asymptomatic patients with probable chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in Sri Lanka. Ceylon Med J 58:142\u2013147","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"6965_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-0911-8","volume":"19","author":"SB Agampodi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agampodi SB, Amarasinghe GS, Naotunna P, Jayasumana CS, Siribaddana SH (2018) Early renal damage among children living in the region of highest burden of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka. BMC Nephrol 19:115","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1501-0","volume":"20","author":"AV Ranasinghe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ranasinghe AV, Kumara GWGP, Karunarathna RH, De Silva AP, Sachintani KGD, Gunawardena JMCN et al (2019) The incidence, prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka: an analysis of 30,566 patients. BMC Nephrol 20:338","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR70","first-page":"684","volume":"8","author":"PMCS De Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Silva PMCS, Gunasekara TDKSC, Gunarathna SD, Sandamini PMMA, Pinipa RAI, Ekanayake EMDV et al (2021) Urinary biomarkers of renal injury KIM-1 and NGAL: reference intervals for healthy pediatric population in Sri Lanka. Children (Basel) 8:684","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"6965_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunasekara TDKSC, De Silva PMCS, Ekanayake EMDV, Thakshila WAKG, Pinipa RAI, Sandamini PMMA et al. (2022) Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka. Sci Rep 12(1):8040","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10874-w"},{"key":"6965_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-022-00513-9","volume":"18","author":"PMMA Sandamini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sandamini PMMA, De Silva PMCS, Gunasekara TDKSC, Gunarathna SD, Pinipa RAI, Herath C et al (2022) Urinary cystatin C: pediatric reference intervals and comparative assessment as a biomarker of renal injury among children in the regions with high burden of CKDu in Sri Lanka. World J Pediatr 18:196\u2013205","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"key":"6965_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115399","volume":"222","author":"TDKSC Gunasekara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gunasekara TDKSC, De Silva PMCS, Chandana EPS, Jayasinghe S, Herath C, Siribaddana S et al (2023) Environmental heat exposure and implications on renal health of pediatric communities in the dry climatic zone of Sri Lanka: an approach with urinary biomarkers. Environ Res 222:115399","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"6965_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-06218-z","volume":"39","author":"TDKSC Gunasekara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunasekara TDKSC, De Silva PMCS, Chandana EPS, Jayasinghe S, Herath C, Siribaddana S et al (2024) Environmental fluoride exposure and implications on potential pediatric kidney health risks: an approach with urinary biomarkers. Pediatr Nephrol 39:1469\u20131480","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04903-y","volume":"24","author":"A Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh A, Verma M, Das M, Parija PP, Nayak S, Jha V (2024) Prevalence and associated factors of impaired kidney functions among children and adolescents in India: insights from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) 2016\u201318. BMC Pediatr 24:429","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"6965_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.6764","volume":"73","author":"S Kareem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kareem S, Jamali A, Ali S, Arbab MY, Salman B, Imtiaz S (2023) Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in rural areas 4 (Badin) of Sind, Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 73:1399\u20131402","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"6965_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2016.06.032","volume":"150","author":"M C\u00e1rdenas-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas-Gonz\u00e1lez M, Osorio-Y\u00e1\u00f1ez C, Gaspar-Ram\u00edrez O, Pavkovi\u0107 M, Ochoa-Mart\u00ednez A, L\u00f3pez-Ventura D et al (2016) Environmental exposure to arsenic and chromium in children is associated with kidney injury molecule-1. Environ Res 150:653\u2013662","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"6965_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lozano-Kasten F, Sierra-Diaz E, De Jesus Celis- Rosa A, Margarita Soto Guti\u00e9rrez M, Aar\u00f3n Peregrina Lucano A, Research Group on Social and Environmental Determinants in Childhood (2017) Prevalence of albuminuria in children living in a rural agricultural and fishing subsistence community in Lake Chapala, Mexico. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14:1577","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14121577"},{"key":"6965_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000502481","volume":"143","author":"M Ortega-Romero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ortega-Romero M, M\u00e9ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez P (2019) Chronic kidney disease in children aged 6\u201315 years and associated risk factors in Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico, a pilot study. Nephron 143:264\u2013273","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"6965_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.5414\/CNP92S107","volume":"93","author":"G Garcia-Garcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia-Garcia G, Guti\u00e9rrez-Padilla A, Perez-Gomez HR, Chavez-I\u00f1iguez JS, Morraz-Mejia EF, Amador-Jimenez MJ et al (2020) Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in Mexico: the case of Poncitlan, Jalisco. Clin Nephrol 93:S42\u201348","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa229","volume":"14","author":"M Gutierrez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gutierrez-Pe\u00f1a M, Zu\u00f1iga-Macias L, Marin-Garcia R, Ovalle-Robles I, Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz AL, Mac\u00edas-Guzm\u00e1n MJ et al (2021) High prevalence of end-stage renal disease of unknown origin in Aguascalientes Mexico: role of the registry of chronic kidney disease and renal biopsy in its approach and future directions. Clin Kidney J 14:1197\u20131206","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6965_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac018","volume":"15","author":"DM Macias Diaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macias Diaz DM, Corrales Aguirre MdelC, Reza Escalera AL, Tiscare\u00f1o Guti\u00e9rrez MT, Ovalle Robles I, Mac\u00edas Guzm\u00e1n MJ et al (2022) Histologic characterization and risk factors for persistent albuminuria in adolescents in a region of highly prevalent end-stage renal failure of unknown origin. Clin Kidney J 15:1300\u20131311","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6965_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01598-9","volume":"36","author":"M Ortega-Romero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ortega-Romero M, Jim\u00e9nez-C\u00f3rdova MI, Barrera-Hern\u00e1ndez \u00c1, Sep\u00falveda-Gonz\u00e1lez ME, Narvaez-Morales J, Aguilar-Madrid G et al (2023) Relationship between urinary biomarkers of early kidney damage and exposure to inorganic toxins in a pediatric population of Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico. J Nephrol 36:1383\u20131393","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR84","volume":"75","author":"LP Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Mac\u00edas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Z\u00fa\u00f1iga-Mac\u00edas LP, Ram\u00edrez-Orozco RE, Avelar-Gonz\u00e1lez FJ, P\u00e9rez-Villalva R, Bobadilla NA, Arreola-Guerra JM (2023) SERPIN-A3 is associated with persistent albuminuria in adolescents with secondary podocytopathy, in a region with high prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin. Rev Invest Clin 75:10485","journal-title":"Rev Invest Clin"},{"key":"6965_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.11.034","volume":"105","author":"ML Alcalde-Ortiz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alcalde-Ortiz ML, Jaramillo-Arriaga F, Ibarra-Orenday D, Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez SI, Calzada-Gallegos HD, Pinales-Jim\u00e9nez AA et al (2024) Pediatric kidney dimensions and risk of persistent albuminuria in Mexican adolescents. Kidney Int 105:824\u2013834","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6965_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv292","volume":"31","author":"O Ram\u00edrez-Rubio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez-Rubio O, Amador JJ, Kaufman JS, Weiner DE, Parikh CR, Khan U et al (2016) Urine biomarkers of kidney injury among adolescents in Nicaragua, a region affected by an epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 31:424\u2013432","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6965_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04595-3","volume":"36","author":"JH Leibler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leibler JH, Ramirez-Rubio O, Vel\u00e1zquez JJA, Pilarte DL, Obeid W, Parikh CR et al (2021) Biomarkers of kidney injury among children in a high-risk region for chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology. Pediatr Nephrol 36:387\u2013396","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.11.015","volume":"7","author":"AK Strasma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strasma AK, Worrall H, Vangala C, Cabrera RMS, Mandayam SA, Murray KO et al (2022) Urinary findings among adults and children in a region of Nicaragua endemic for Mesoamerican nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 7:327\u2013329","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6965_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000129","volume":"4","author":"SM Hall","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hall SM, Raines NH, Ramirez-Rubio O, Amador JJ, L\u00f3pez-Pilarte D, O\u2019Callaghan-Gordo C et al (2023) Urinary metabolomic profile of youth at risk of chronic kidney disease in Nicaragua. Kidney360 4:899","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"6965_CR90","first-page":"376","volume":"36","author":"A Ceron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ceron A, Fort MP, Morine CM, Lou-Meda R (2014) Chronic kidney disease among children in Guatemala. Rev Panam Salud Publica 36:376\u2013382","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"6965_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2021.24","volume":"45","author":"A Cer\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cer\u00f3n A, Ramay BM, M\u00e9ndez-Alburez LP, Lou-Meda R (2021) Factors associated with chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes among children in Guatemala. Rev Panam Salud Publica 45:e24","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud Publica"},{"key":"6965_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.37757\/MR2016.V18.N1-2.4","volume":"18","author":"CM Orantes-Navarro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Orantes-Navarro CM, Herrera-Valdes R, Almaguer-Lopez M, Brizuela-Diaz EG, Alvarado-Ascencio NP, Fuentes-de Morales EJ (2016) Chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents in Salvadoran farming communities: NefroSalva pediatric study (2009\u20132011). MEDICC Rev 18:15","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"key":"6965_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-8071-5","volume":"24","author":"SN Nascimento","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nascimento SN, G\u00f6ethel G, Baierle M, Barth A, Brucker N, Char\u00e3o MF et al (2017) Environmental exposure and effects on health of children from a tobacco-producing region. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24:2851\u20132865","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"6965_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics9060137","volume":"9","author":"AA Ismail","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ismail AA, Hendy O, Abdel Rasoul G, Olson JR, Bonner MR, Rohlman DS (2021) Acute and cumulative effects of repeated exposure to chlorpyrifos on the liver and kidney function among Egyptian adolescents. Toxics 9:137","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"6965_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.20223311S1580b","volume":"33","author":"A Sidoti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sidoti A, Sequeira MJ, Mazzacani P (2022) Full age spectrum egfr formula corrected by height to adapt to a population endemic to Mesoamerican nephropathy as a tool to diagnose and follow up CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:580","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR96","unstructured":"CKD evaluation and management \u2013 KDIGO [Internet]. [cited 2022 Dec 21]. Available from: https:\/\/kdigo.org\/guidelines\/ckd-evaluation-and-management\/"},{"key":"6965_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000502481","volume":"143","author":"M Ortega-Romero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ortega-Romero M, Mendez-Hernandez P, Cruz-Angulo MD, Hernandez-Sanchez AM, Alvarez-Elias AC, Munoz-Arizpe R et al (2019) Chronic kidney disease in children aged 6\u201315 years and associated risk factors in Apizaco, Tlaxcala, Mexico, a pilot study. Nephron 143:264\u2013273","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"6965_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez A, Catalina \u00c1lvarez A, Lou-Meda R (2024) #2356 Renal function in pediatric general population from a hot-spot of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology: a cross-sectional study in Guatemala. Nephrol Dial Transplant 39(Suppl 1):gfae069\u20131406\u20132356.","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae069.1406"},{"key":"6965_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-010-1451-z","volume":"25","author":"JR Brandt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brandt JR, Jacobs A, Raissy HH, Kelly FM, Staples AO, Kaufman E et al (2010) Orthostatic proteinuria and the spectrum of diurnal variability of urinary protein excretion in healthy children. Pediatr Nephrol 25:1131\u20131137","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.293","volume":"44","author":"D Schlondorff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schlondorff D (1993) Renal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Kidney Int 44:643\u2013653","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"6965_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae069.619","volume":"39","author":"R Lou-Meda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lou-Meda R, Aguilar Gonzalez A, Alvarez AC (2024) Exploratory population-based screening of kidney function and heavy metal water source levels in a highly incident CKDu area in Guatemala. Nephrol Dial Transplant 39:i1016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"6965_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3222-3","volume":"31","author":"DK Weidemann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weidemann DK, Weaver VM, Fadrowski JJ (2016) Toxic environmental exposures and kidney health in children. Pediatr Nephrol 31:2043\u20132054","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106019","volume":"144","author":"R Babich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Babich R, Ulrich JC, Ekanayake EMDV, Massarsky A, De Silva PMCS, Manage PM et al (2020) Kidney developmental effects of metal-herbicide mixtures: implications for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. Environ Int 144:106019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"6965_CR104","first-page":"370","volume":"20","author":"M Khalid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalid M, Hodjat M, Abdollahi M (2021) Environmental exposure to heavy metals contributes to diseases via deregulated Wnt signaling pathways. Iran J Pharm Res 20:370\u2013382","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"6965_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00230","volume":"8","author":"KR Sanderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanderson KR, Chang E, Bjornstad E, Hogan SL, Hu Y, Askenazi D et al (2020) Albuminuria, hypertension, and reduced kidney volumes in adolescents born extremely premature. Front Pediatr 8:230","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"6965_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3701-9","volume":"33","author":"JH Greenberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greenberg JH, Kakajiwala A, Parikh CR, Furth S (2018) Emerging biomarkers of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol 33:925\u2013933","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-020-00271-8","volume":"7","author":"AH Harrill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrill AH, Sanders AP (2020) Urinary micrornas in environmental health: biomarkers of emergent kidney injury and disease. Curr Envir Health Rpt 7:101\u2013108","journal-title":"Curr Envir Health Rpt"},{"key":"6965_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.03.025","volume":"9","author":"NH Raines","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raines NH, Garcia EIR (2024) The promise of metabolomics and exposomics in CKDu. Kidney Int Rep 9:1163\u20131166","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"6965_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/children11010015","volume":"11","author":"TDKSC Gunasekara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gunasekara TDKSC, Herath C, De Silva PMCS, Jayasundara N (2024) Exploring the utility of urinary creatinine adjustment for KIM-1, NGAL, and cystatin C for the assessment of kidney function: insights from the C-KidnEES Cohort. Children 11:15","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"6965_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfac043","volume":"7","author":"I Poventud-Fuentes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Poventud-Fuentes I, Garnett E, Akcan-Arikan A, Devaraj S (2022) Comparison of cystatin C and creatinine-based equations with measured glomerular filtration rate in a diverse pediatric population. J Appl Lab Med 7:1016\u20131024","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"6965_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.018","volume":"76","author":"OA Potok","year":"2020","unstructured":"Potok OA, Katz R, Bansal N, Siscovick DS, Odden MC, Ix JH et al (2020) The difference between cystatin C\u2013 and creatinine-based estimated GFR and incident frailty: an analysis of the cardiovascular health study (CHS). Am J Kidney Dis 76:896\u2013898","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"6965_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab136","volume":"14","author":"P Villalvazo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Villalvazo P, Carriazo S, Martin-Cleary C, Ortiz A (2021) Aguascalientes: one of the hottest chronic kidney disease (CKD) hotspots in Mexico and a CKD of unknown aetiology mystery to be solved. Clin Kidney J 14:2285\u20132294","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"6965_CR113","first-page":"193","volume":"125","author":"JV Bonventre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonventre JV (2014) Kidney injury molecule-1: a translational journey. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 125:193\u2013299","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"6965_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.7.4135","volume":"273","author":"T Ichimura","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ichimura T, Bonventre JV, Bailly V, Wei H, Hession CA, Cate RL et al (1998) Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a putative epithelial cell adhesion molecule containing a novel immunoglobulin domain, is up-regulated in renal cells after injury. J Biol Chem 273:4135\u20134142","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"6965_CR115","first-page":"1","volume":"58","author":"A Rivera-Chavarr\u00eda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rivera-Chavarr\u00eda A, M\u00e9ndez-Chac\u00f3n E, Rivera-Chavarr\u00eda A, M\u00e9ndez-Chac\u00f3n E (2016) Mortality rates and hospital discharges in chronic kidney disease and chronic kidney disease of non-traditional causes, Costa Rica. Acta Med Costarric 58:1\u201314","journal-title":"Acta Med Costarric"},{"key":"6965_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02907-3","volume":"23","author":"K Courville","year":"2022","unstructured":"Courville K, Bustamante N, Hurtado B, Pecchio M, Rodr\u00edguez C, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Samudio V et al (2022) Chronic kidney disease of nontraditional causes in central Panama. BMC Nephrol 23:275","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"6965_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6980","volume":"128","author":"K Steenland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steenland K, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Vermeulen R, Lunn RM, Straif K, Zahm S et al (2020) Risk of bias assessments and evidence syntheses for observational epidemiologic studies of environmental and occupational exposures: strengths and limitations. Environ Health Perspect 128:095002","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06965-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06965-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06965-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:02:42Z","timestamp":1774299762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06965-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06965-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}