{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:05:21Z","timestamp":1793037921726,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Pediatric Nephrology Association"},{"name":"EU4Health program"},{"name":"European Society of Pediatric Nephrology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a scarcity of information regarding the distribution of the diseases leading to kidney failure (KF) in children living in the emerging world. We used registry data to provide a global overview of the underlying disease spectrum in children commencing kidney replacement therapy (KRT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed KF causes among 23,620 children and adolescents commencing maintenance KRT in 80 countries, using data from the IPNA Global KRT Registry (including ESPN\/ERA Registry), the International Pediatric Dialysis Network (IPDN), the United States Renal Data System (USRDS), and the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA). The analysis considered geographic region, country-level gross national income (GNI), average annual temperature, and patient age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Marked regional differences were observed in the distribution of KF causes. Immune-mediated glomerulopathies (GP) were most common in Southeast Asia, hereditary nephropathies in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, and systemic GP in Northeast Asia and Latin America. In 14% of cases the cause of KF was unknown, with the highest proportion in Northeast Asia. Disease patterns were also influenced by countries\u2019 GNI and average yearly temperature; immune-mediated GP accounted for 43% of diagnoses in low-income countries and were more frequent in warmer climates. Among younger children, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) and hereditary nephropathies were the predominant cause of KF, whereas adolescents more commonly presented with immune-mediated GP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is significant global variability in the spectrum of diseases leading to pediatric KF, partially attributable to genetic, environmental, and macroeconomic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-07096-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T06:04:49Z","timestamp":1765173889000},"page":"1451-1463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Regional variation of underlying kidney diseases in children undergoing chronic kidney replacement therapy around the globe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9058-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dagmara","family":"Borzych-Du\u017ca\u0142ka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolein","family":"Bonthuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yok-Chin","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Manno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihui","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyner","family":"Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naye","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenza","family":"Soulami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Exantus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Al Riyami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameh","family":"Mabrouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marbella Ma","family":"Angeles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Zelaya-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henny Adriani","family":"Puspitasari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Saimul","family":"Huque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kar Hui","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevcan A.","family":"Bakkalo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Harambat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitty J.","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Warady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"7096_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1","volume":"27","author":"J Harambat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harambat J, van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ (2012) Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children. 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Arias-Briones, Madiha Aziz, Seema Hashmi, Khem Chand Moorani, Naureen Akhtar, Muhammad Imran, Farhana Amanullah, Iftikhar Ijaz, Ahad Qayyum, Marta Suarez, Marlene Martinez Pico, Mohammed Shalaby, Nada Kalakattawi, Najlaa Alotaibi, Osama Safder, Sherif Mohamed ElDesoky, Layla Abdullah Basheer, Jameela Abdulaziz Kari, Mya Than, Ng Kar Hui, Bassam Saeed, Hala Wannous, Huda Mazloum, Ghalia Sawaf, Sameh Mabrouk, Anthony Batte, Anthony Batte, Anabella Rebori, Claudia Vieira, Vu Huy Tru, Chisambo Mwaba.\n                      Collaborative ESPN\/ERA Registry and IPNA Registry Participants:\n                      D Shtiza, G Mayer, J Kerschbaum, L Buchwinkler, D Kaiser-Feistmantl, S Baiko, O Raikevic-Liachovskaya, A Dudarevich, D Pokrajac, D Roussinov, I Kos, I Jakopcic, J Ivancic, M Ban, Matkovic, M Davidovic, L Lamot, K Vrlji\u010dak, A Elia, K Vondrak, K Hommel, \u00dc Toots, J Helve, P Finne, C Couchoud, M Lassalle, J Hogan, K Krupka, B H\u00f6cker, L Pape, B T\u00f6nshoff, T Davitaia, G Moustakas, G Reusz, O Horv\u00e1th, Cs Berecki, A Szab\u00f3, T Szab\u00f3, O Lakatos, B Gianoglio, I Guzzo, E la Porta, F Paglialonga, C Corrado, E Vidal, E Verrina, A Popova, S Derkevica, V Kuzema, A Jankauskiene, S Rudaitis, V Said-Conti, N Abazi, A \u00c5sberg, AV Reis\u00e6ter, A Bjerre, A Zurowska, I Zagozdzon, C Mota, JE Esteves, M Abranches, C Gomes, G Mircescu, L Garneata, E Podgoreanu, EA Molchanova, EV Zakharova, AM Andrusev, M Kosti\u0107, B Spasojevi\u0107, M Cvetkovi\u0107, I Gojkovi\u0107, D Paripovi\u0107, G Milo\u0161evski-Lomi\u0107, L Podracka, G Kolvek, N Battelino, G Novljan, J Buturovic-Ponikvar, A Alonso Melgar and the Spanish Paediatric Registry, E Maurer, GF Laube, CE Kuehni, P Parvex, S Tschumi, L Mader, S Bakkaloglu, SP Fomina, All the staff of the UK Renal Registry and of the renal units submitting data, and All of the Scottish Renal Registry team.\n                      IPDN Registry Participants:\n                      Laura Alconcher, Patricia G Vall\u00e9s, Monica Grossman, Paula Alejandra Coccia, Rosana Salim, Sara Testa, Enrico Verrina, Karel Vondrack, Lorena S\u00e0nchez Barbosa, Nikoleta Printza, Constantinos J. Stefanidis, Attila Szabo, Rukshana Shroff, Amrit Kaur, Judith Hayes, Chris Reid, Claus Peter Schmitt, Susanne Schaefer, Julia Thumfart, Lars Pape, Marcus Kemper, G\u00fcnter Klaus, Rainer Buescher, Sandra Habbig.The ESPN\/ERA Registry, providing data from European countries to the IPNA KRT registry, is funded by the European Society of Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN) and the European Renal Association (ERA).Support was also received from ERKNet, the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases. ERKNet is funded by the European Union within the framework of the EU4Health program (101085068).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Collaborators"}}]}}