{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:05:53Z","timestamp":1790352353895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07146-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T04:28:20Z","timestamp":1770006500000},"page":"1867-1881","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["AsPNA Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of infection-related glomerulonephritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Meena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudarsan","family":"Krishnasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes A.","family":"Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madiha A.","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afroza","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Yu-hin","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jameela A.","family":"Kari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirut","family":"Pattaragarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inoka","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geetika","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7832-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arvind","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Glomerular Disease Working Group,\u00a0Asian Pediatric Nephrology Association","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.04.038","volume":"6","author":"Q Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Q, Wu S, Xu C, Wang J, Chen J (2021) Global disease burden from acute glomerulonephritis 1990\u20132019. Kidney Int Rep 6:2212\u20132217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.04.038","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7146_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0178-8","volume":"16","author":"AA Satoskar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Satoskar AA, Parikh SV, Nadasdy T (2020) Epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes of infection-associated glomerulonephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol 16:32\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0178-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1260","volume":"114","author":"Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steering Committee on Quality Improvement and Management (2004) Classifying recommendations for clinical practice guidelines. Pediatrics 114:874\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2004-1260","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"7146_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M (2005) The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 5:685\u2013694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"7146_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002169","volume":"71","author":"B Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe B, Batsford S (2007) Pathogenesis of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis a century after Clemens von Pirquet. Kidney Int 71:1094\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5002169","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00461-5","volume":"399","author":"S Sethi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sethi S, De Vriese AS, Fervenza FC (2022) Acute glomerulonephritis. Lancet 399:1646\u20131663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00461-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7146_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamadah AM, Gharaibeh K, Mara KC, Thompson KA, Lieske JC, Said S, Nasr SH, Leung N (2018) Urinalysis for the diagnosis of glomerulonephritis: Role of dysmorphic red blood cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 33:1397\u20131403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfx274","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx274"},{"key":"7146_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saha MK, Massicotte-Azarniouch D, Reynolds ML, Mottl AK, Falk RJ, Jennette JC, Derebail VK (2022) Glomerular hematuria and the utility of urine microscopy: a review. Am J Kidney Dis 80:383\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.022"},{"key":"7146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v4.i2.185","volume":"4","author":"C Yuste","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuste C, Gutierrez E, Sevillano AM, Rubio-Navarro A, Amaro-Villalobos JM, Ortiz A, Egido J, Praga M, Moreno JA (2015) Pathogenesis of glomerular haematuria. World J Nephrol 4:185\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5527\/wjn.v4.i2.185","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stratta P, Musetti C, Barreca A, Mazzucco G (2014) New trends of an old disease: The acute post infectious glomerulonephritis at the beginning of the new millennium. J Nephrol 27:229\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-013-0018-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-013-0018-z"},{"key":"7146_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02965-7","volume":"23","author":"A Saghar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saghar A, Klaus G, Trutnau B, K\u00f6mhoff M, Gr\u00f6ne HJ, Weber S (2022) A rare case of immunoglobulin A dominant post-infectious glomerulonephritis (IgA PIGN) in a young patient. BMC Nephrol 23:333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-022-02965-7","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106332","volume":"49","author":"CW Derrick","year":"1970","unstructured":"Derrick CW, Reeves MS, Dillon HC (1970) Complement in overt and asymptomatic nephritis after skin infection. J Clin Invest 49:1178\u20131187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI106332","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7146_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00862594","volume":"2","author":"RJ Wyatt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wyatt RJ, Forristal J, West CD, Sugimoto S, Curd JG (1988) Complement profiles in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 2:219\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00862594","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-015-1218-8","volume":"20","author":"Y Arimura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Arimura Y, Muso E, Fujimoto S, Hasegawa M, Kaname S, Usui J, Ihara T, Kobayashi M, Itabashi M, Kitagawa K, Hirahashi J, Kimura K, Matsuo S (2016) Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 2014. Clin Exp Nephrol 20:322\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10157-015-1218-8","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv008","volume":"8","author":"GHB Greenhall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greenhall GHB, Salama AD (2015) What is new in the management of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis? Clin Kidney J 8:143\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfv008","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"7146_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426192","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/426192","volume":"2012","author":"TR Welch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Welch TR (2011) An approach to the child with acute glomerulonephritis. Int J Pediatr 2012:e426192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/426192","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"7146_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group (2021) KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 100:S1\u2013S276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021"},{"key":"7146_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105027","volume":"43","author":"CD West","year":"1964","unstructured":"West CD, Northway JD, Davis NC (1964) Serum levels of beta-1c globulin, a complement component, in the nephritides, lipoid nephrosis, and other conditions. J Clin Invest 43:1507\u20131517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI105027","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7146_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.48.8.622","volume":"48","author":"M Popovic-Rolovic","year":"1973","unstructured":"Popovic-Rolovic M (1973) Serum C3 levels in acute glomerulonephritis and post nephritic children. Arch Dis Child 48:622\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/adc.48.8.622","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"7146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3311-3","volume":"31","author":"B Al-Ghaithi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Ghaithi B, Chanchlani R, Riedl M, Thorner P, Licht C (2016) C3 glomerulopathy and post-infectious glomerulonephritis define a disease spectrum. Pediatr Nephrol 31:2079\u20132086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3311-3","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.2143\/ACB.66.6.2062604","volume":"66","author":"I Geerts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Geerts I, De Vos N, Frans J, Mewis A (2011) The clinical-diagnostic role of antistreptolysin O antibodies. Acta Clin Belg 66:410\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2143\/ACB.66.6.2062604","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"key":"7146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020600557060","volume":"38","author":"CC Blyth","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blyth CC, Robertson PW (2006) Anti-streptococcal antibodies in the diagnosis of acute and post-streptococcal disease: Streptokinase versus streptolysin O and deoxyribonuclease B. Pathology 38:152\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00313020600557060","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"7146_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1086\/650167","volume":"50","author":"DR Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson DR, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Kaplan EL (2010) The human immune response to streptococcal extracellular antigens: clinical, diagnostic, and potential pathogenetic implications. Clin Infect Dis 50:481\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/650167","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"7146_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shet A, Kaplan EL (2002) Clinical use and interpretation of group A streptococcal antibody tests: a practical approach for the pediatrician or primary care physician. Pediatr Infect Dis J 21:420\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00014","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200205000-00014"},{"key":"7146_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000881","volume":"34","author":"AC Steer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N (2015) Streptococcal serology: secrets for the specialist. Pediatr Infect Dis J 34:1250\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000000881","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"7146_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-019-04233-7","volume":"34","author":"A Bagga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bagga A, Khandelwal P, Mishra K, Thergaonkar R, Vasudevan A, Sharma J (2019) Hemolytic uremic syndrome in a developing country: consensus guidelines. Pediatr Nephrol 34:1465\u20131482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-019-04233-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2017.1369642","volume":"37","author":"R Balasubramanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balasubramanian R, Marks SD (2017) Post-infectious glomerulonephritis. Paediatr Int Child Health 37:240\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20469047.2017.1369642","journal-title":"Paediatr Int Child Health"},{"key":"7146_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"VanDeVoorde RG (2015) Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: The most common acute glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Rev 36:3\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.36-1-3.quiz 13","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.36-1-3"},{"key":"7146_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy S, Murphy WM, Arant BS (1981) Poststreptococcal crescenteric glomerulonephritis in children: Comparison of quintuple therapy versus supportive care. J Pediatr 98:403\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(81)80703-2","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(81)80703-2"},{"key":"7146_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.194.1.63","volume":"194","author":"LV Perlman","year":"1965","unstructured":"Perlman LV, Herdman RC, Kleinman H, Vernier RL (1965) Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. A ten-year follow-up of an epidemic. JAMA 194:63\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.194.1.63","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7146_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maliakkal JG, Hicks MJ, Michael M, Selewski DT, Twombley K, Rheault MN, Seamon M, Misurac JM, Tran CL, Reyes L, Flynn JT, Onder AM, Constantinescu AR, Singh V, Pan C, Omoloja A, Wu Q, Smoyer WE, Hidalgo G, Wenderfer SE (2020) Renal survival in children with glomerulonephritis with crescents: a pediatric nephrology research consortium cohort study. J Clin Med 9:2385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9082385","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9082385"},{"key":"7146_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meena J, Nangla P, Ojha S, Sinha A, Hari P, Bagga A (2025) Etiology, clinical profile, and outcomes of crescentic glomerulonephritis in children: a systematic review. Pediatr Nephrol 40:675\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06521-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06521-3"},{"key":"7146_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(76)80475-1","volume":"89","author":"AW Pruitt","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pruitt AW, Boles A (1976) Diuretic effect of furosemide in acute glomerulonephritis. J Pediatr 89:306\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3476(76)80475-1","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"7146_CR34","first-page":"39","volume":"56","author":"CL Cifra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cifra CL (2006) A randomized controlled trial on the effect of oral vs intravenous furosemide on the resolution of volume overload in patients with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Philipp J Pediatr 56:39\u201344","journal-title":"Philipp J Pediatr"},{"key":"7146_CR35","first-page":"34","volume":"1","author":"PJ Nourse","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nourse PJ, McCulloch MI (2007) Evaluation of the safety of short acting nifedipine use in children with severe hypertension secondary to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. S Afr J Child Health 1:34\u201337","journal-title":"S Afr J Child Health"},{"key":"7146_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hossain A, Deb KP, Hossain MA, Mannan KA, Ahmed M, Mostafa G, Dutta S, Hossain MM (2016) Comparative efficacy of calcium channel blocker and ACE inhibitor in the treatment of acute hypertension in acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Nifedipine should be used in controlling hypertension in acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Urol Nephrol Open Access J 3:120\u2013125 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/unoaj.2016.03.00087","DOI":"10.15406\/unoaj.2016.03.00087"},{"key":"7146_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3329\/jninb.v8i1.59929","volume":"8","author":"YS Chowdhury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chowdhury YS, Rahman MH, Jahan N, Hossain MM, Afroz M, Mollah MAH (2022) Comparison of nifedipine and captopril for the control of hypertension among children with acute glomerulonephritis: a randomized control trial. J Natl Inst Neurosci Bangladesh 8:28\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3329\/jninb.v8i1.59929","journal-title":"J Natl Inst Neurosci Bangladesh"},{"key":"7146_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertazza Partigiani N, Spagnol R, Di Michele L, Santini M, Grotto B, Sartori A, Zamperetti E, Nosadini M, Meneghesso D (2022) Management of hypertensive crises in children: a review of the recent literature. Front Pediatr 10:880678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.880678","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.880678"},{"key":"7146_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-05896-z","volume":"38","author":"MG Coulthard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coulthard MG (2023) Managing severe hypertension in children. Pediatr Nephrol 38:3229\u20133239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-023-05896-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2:1\u2013138","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"7146_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nasr SH, Markowitz GS, Stokes MB, Said SM, Valeri AM, D\u2019Agati VD (2008) Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis in the modern era: Experience with 86 adults and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 87:21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0b013e318161b0fc","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0b013e318161b0fc"},{"key":"7146_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.235169","volume":"29","author":"R Sakthirajan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sakthirajan R, Dhanapriya J, Nagarajan M, Balasubramaniyan T, Gopalakrishnan N (2018) Crescentic infection related glomerulonephritis in adult and its outcome. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 29:623\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-2442.235169","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"7146_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arivazhagan S, Lamech TM, Myvizhiselvi M, Arumugam V, Alavudeen SS, Dakshinamoorthy S (2022) Efficacy of corticosteroids in infection-related glomerulonephritis - A randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int Rep 7:2160\u20132165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.07.163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.07.163"},{"key":"7146_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06502-6","volume":"40","author":"M Vivarelli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vivarelli M, Samuel S, Coppo R, Barratt J, Bonilla-Felix M, Haffner D (2025) IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol 40:533\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06502-6","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2025.04.004","volume":"108","author":"BH Rovin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) IgAN and IgAV Work Group, Rovin BH, Barratt J, Cook HT, Noronha IL, Reich HN, Suzuki Y, Tang SCW, Trimarch H, Floege J (2025) KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the management of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV). Kidney Int 108:S1\u2013S71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2025.04.004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7146_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ilyas M, Tolaymat A (2008) Changing epidemiology of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Northeast Florida: a comparative study. Pediatr Nephrol 23:1101\u20131106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-008-0778-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0778-1"},{"key":"7146_CR47","first-page":"56","volume":"54","author":"W Zoch-Zwierz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zoch-Zwierz W, Wasilewska A, Biernacka A, Tomaszewska B, Winiecka W, Wierci\u0144ski R, Porowski T (2001) The course of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis depending on methods of treatment for the preceding respiratory tract infection. Wiad Lek 54:56\u201363","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"key":"7146_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199904000-00003","volume":"18","author":"F Johnston","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnston F, Carapetis J, Patel MS, Wallace T, Spillane P (1999) Evaluating the use of penicillin to control outbreaks of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18:327\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006454-199904000-00003","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"7146_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(81)91788-8","volume":"1","author":"B Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe B, Rubio L, Garc\u00eda R (1981) Attack rate of poststreptococcal nephritis in families. A prospective study Lancet 1:401\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(81)91788-8","journal-title":"A prospective study Lancet"},{"key":"7146_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1984.19","volume":"25","author":"B Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe B (1984) Epidemic poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 25:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1984.19","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7146_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.478","volume":"81","author":"WE Hoy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoy WE, White AV, Dowling A, Sharma SK, Bloomfield H, Tipiloura BT, Swanson CE, Mathews JD, McCredie DA (2012) Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease in later life. Kidney Int 81:1026\u20131032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2011.478","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7146_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197804062981404","volume":"298","author":"EV Potter","year":"1978","unstructured":"Potter EV, Abidh S, Sharrett AR, Burt EG, Svartman M, Finklea JF (1978) Clinical healing two to six years after poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in Trinidad. N Engl J Med 298:767\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM197804062981404","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7146_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198209163071205","volume":"307","author":"EV Potter","year":"1982","unstructured":"Potter EV, Lipschultz SA, Abidh S, Poon-King T, Earle DP (1982) Twelve to seventeen-year follow-up of patients with poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis in Trinidad. N Engl J Med 307:725\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198209163071205","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7146_CR54","first-page":"103","volume":"7","author":"E-TMA Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali E-TMA, Babikir AMTA, El-Assad S, Abdelrahim MB (2014) Prognosis of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Sudanese children. Arab J Nephrol Transplant 7:103\u2013107","journal-title":"Arab J Nephrol Transplant"},{"key":"7146_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pinto SWL, Mastroianni-Kirsztajn G, Sesso R (2015) Ten-year follow-up of patients with epidemic post infectious glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 10:e0125313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0125313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125313"},{"key":"7146_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-021-05245-y","volume":"37","author":"DS Grosser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grosser DS, Persad P, Talento RV, Shoemaker LR, Hunley TE, Hidalgo G, Subtirelu MM, Coventry S, Baliga R, Fogo AB (2022) IgA-dominant infection-associated glomerulonephritis in the pediatric population. Pediatr Nephrol 37:593\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-021-05245-y","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Satoskar AA, Molenda M, Scipio P, Shim R, Zirwas M, Variath RS, Brodsky SV, Nadasdy GM, Hebert L, Rovin B, Nadasdy T (2013) Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura-like presentation in IgA-dominant Staphylococcus infection - associated glomerulonephritis - A diagnostic pitfall. Clin Nephrol 79:302\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/CN107756","DOI":"10.5414\/CN107756"},{"key":"7146_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Satoskar AA, Suleiman S, Ayoub I, Hemminger J, Parikh S, Brodsky SV, Bott C, Calomeni E, Nadasdy GM, Rovin B, Hebert L, Nadasdy T (2017) Staphylococcus infection-associated GN - Spectrum of IgA staining and prevalence of ANCA in a single-center cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 12:39\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.05070516","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05070516"},{"key":"7146_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137482","volume":"23","author":"M Takayasu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takayasu M, Hirayama K, Shimohata H, Kobayashi M, Koyama A (2022) Staphylococcus aureus infection-related glomerulonephritis with dominant IgA deposition. Int J Mol Sci 23:7482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23137482","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7146_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.7404-21","volume":"61","author":"M Okumura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Okumura M, Sugihara S, Seki K, Nagaoka K, Okawa N, Ebihara M (2022) Use of immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of IgA-dominant infection-related glomerulonephritis. Intern Med 61:697\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.7404-21","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"7146_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rus RR, Toplak N, Vizjak A, Mraz J, Ferluga D (2015) IgA-dominant acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis with concomitant rheumatic fever successfully treated with steroids: a case report. Croat Med J 56:567\u2013572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3325\/cmj.2015.56.567","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2015.56.567"},{"key":"7146_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.424","volume":"87","author":"CL Boils","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boils CL, Nasr SH, Walker PD, Couser WG, Larsen CP (2015) Update on endocarditis-associated glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 87:1241\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2014.424","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7146_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson JA, Boyce TG, Cetta F, Steckelberg JM, Johnson JN (2012) Infective endocarditis in the pediatric patient: a 60-year single-institution review. Mayo Clin Proc 87:629\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.02.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.02.023"},{"key":"7146_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Gool IC, Kers J, Bakker JA, Rotmans JI, Teng YKO, Bauer MP (2022) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in infective endocarditis: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol 41:2949\u20132960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10067-022-06240-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06240-w"},{"key":"7146_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/s0272-6386(86)80093-2","volume":"7","author":"MA Rovzar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rovzar MA, Logan JL, Ogden DA, Graham AR (1986) Immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with bacterial endocarditis. Am J Kidney Dis 7:428\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0272-6386(86)80093-2","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7146_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-227672","volume":"12","author":"K Malhotra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malhotra K, Yerram P (2019) Plasmapheresis and corticosteroids in infective endocarditis-related crescentic glomerulonephritis. BMJ Case Rep 12:e227672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2018-227672","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"7146_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.24953\/turkjped.2021.4397","volume":"64","author":"N Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz N, Y\u00fcksel S, G\u00fcrses D, Giri\u015fgen \u0130, Becerir T, Y\u0131lmaz M, Ufuk F, G\u00fclten G (2022) Severe acute kidney injury induced by crescentic glomerulonephritis in a child with infective endocarditis. Turk J Pediatr 64:919\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24953\/turkjped.2021.4397","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"7146_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shi XD, Li WY, Shao X, Qu LM, Jiang ZY (2020) Infective endocarditis mimicking ANCA-associated vasculitis: does it require immunosuppressive therapy? A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 99:e21358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000021358","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000021358"},{"key":"7146_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mantan M, Sethi GR, Batra VV (2013) Post-infectious glomerulonephritis following infective endocarditis: amenable to immunosuppression. Indian J Nephrol 23:368\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-4065.116321","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.116321"},{"key":"7146_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kitamura M, Dasgupta A, Henricks J, Parikh SV, Nadasdy T, Clark E, Bazan JA, Satoskar AA (2024) Clinicopathological differences between Bartonella and other bacterial endocarditis-related glomerulonephritis \u2013 Our experience and a pooled analysis. Front Nephrol 3:1322741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneph.2023.1322741","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2023.1322741"},{"key":"7146_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0056-z","volume":"21","author":"B Sadikoglu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sadikoglu B, Bilge I, Kilicaslan I, Gokce MG, Emre S, Ertugrul T (2006) Crescentic glomerulonephritis in a child with infective endocarditis. Pediatr Nephrol 21:867\u2013869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-006-0056-z","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7146_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhang H, Wu D, Fu H, Shi W, Xue F (2020) Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive infective endocarditis complicated by acute kidney injury: a case report and literature review. J Int Med Res 48:300060520963990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060520963990","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520963990"},{"key":"7146_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ai S, Feng X, Sun K, Chen G, Liu X, Miao Q (2025) Outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis-associated acute kidney injury: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Kidney J 18:sfae382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfae382","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfae382"},{"key":"7146_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Damme T, Veys N, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe SE (2023) Shunt nephritis: a case of mistaken identity. Acta Clin Belg 78:248\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17843286.2022.2095490","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2022.2095490"},{"key":"7146_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/12.6.1143","volume":"12","author":"D Haffner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Haffner D, Schindera F, Aschoff A, Matthias S, Waldherr R, Sch\u00e4rer K (1997) The clinical spectrum of shunt nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12:1143\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/12.6.1143","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7146_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Jaras J, Esp\u00ed-Reig J, Alis R, Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez AM, Rodr\u00edguez-Ortega D, Roca-Argente L, Moll-Guillen JL (2017) Immune complex membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in alcoholic cirrhosis: two case reports. Med Princ Pract 26:286\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000464365","DOI":"10.1159\/000464365"},{"key":"7146_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Babigumira M, Huang B, Werner S, Qunibi W (2017) Delayed manifestation of shunt nephritis:\u00a0a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Nephrol 2017:1867349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/1867349","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1867349"},{"key":"7146_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ajlan B, Maghrabi Y, Mokhtar G, Baeesa S (2022) Timing of ventriculoatrial shunt removal on renal function recovery of patients with shunt nephritis: case report and systematic review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 218:107279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107279"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07146-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07146-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07146-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:53:01Z","timestamp":1777902781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07146-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07146-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any financial or intellectual conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}