{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T16:23:37Z","timestamp":1793291017784,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07192-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:47:20Z","timestamp":1771296440000},"page":"3209-3219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment outcomes and ongoing pediatric trials in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Chris K.","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather S.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine E.","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6941-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-shi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"7192_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.11.007","volume":"107","author":"J Floege","year":"2025","unstructured":"Floege J, Gibson KL, Vivarelli M et al (2025) KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the management of nephrotic syndrome in children. Kidney Int 107:S241\u2013S289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.11.007","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04519-1","volume":"35","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Vivarelli M, Samuel S et al (2020) IPNA clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 35:1529\u20131561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04519-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf118","volume":"40","author":"CH Robinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Robinson CH, Ogome B-J, Selvathesan N et al (2025) Kidney function and mortality in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant 40:2349\u20132358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf118","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7192_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05838-1","volume":"38","author":"WA Primack","year":"2023","unstructured":"Primack WA, Chevalier RL, Friedman A et al (2023) The first randomized controlled trial in pediatric nephrology: the history of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC). Pediatr Nephrol 38:3947\u20133954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-022-05838-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.08080520","volume":"15","author":"A Bagga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagga A, Sinha A (2020) Individualizing treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: registries to the fore. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 15:920\u2013922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.08080520","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13371019","volume":"15","author":"AE Mason","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mason AE, Sen ES, Bierzynska A et al (2020) Response to first course of intensified immunosuppression in genetically stratified steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 15:983\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.13371019","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00540116","volume":"11","author":"MM Moxey-Mims","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moxey-Mims MM, Flessner MF, Holzman L et al (2016) Glomerular diseases: registries and clinical trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 11:2234\u20132243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.00540116","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00200","volume":"6","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Lipska-Zi\u0119tkiewicz BS, Schaefer F (2018) Exploring the clinical and genetic spectrum of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: the PodoNet registry. Front Pediatr 6:200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2018.00200","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"7192_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016101121","volume":"28","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Schnaidt S, Lipska-Zi\u0119tkiewicz BS et al (2017) Long-term outcome of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:3055\u20133065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016101121","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.07.037","volume":"10","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Hofstetter J, Lipska-Zi\u0119tkiewicz B et al (2025) Efficacy of calcineurin inhibition in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 10:3535\u20133548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.07.037","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06260614","volume":"10","author":"A Trautmann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trautmann A, Bodria M, Ozaltin F et al (2015) Spectrum of steroid-resistant and congenital nephrotic syndrome in children: the podonet registry cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 10:592\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.06260614","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.10.013","volume":"91","author":"A Bierzynska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bierzynska A, McCarthy HJ, Soderquest K et al (2017) Genomic and clinical profiling of a national nephrotic syndrome cohort advocates a precision medicine approach to disease management. Kidney Int 91:937\u2013947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2016.10.013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01051-6","volume":"402","author":"M Vivarelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vivarelli M, Gibson K, Sinha A, Boyer O (2023) Childhood nephrotic syndrome. Lancet 402:809\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01051-6","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7192_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1213203","volume":"14","author":"A Angeletti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Angeletti A, Bruschi M, Kajana X et al (2023) Biologics in steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in childhood: review and new hypothesis-driven treatment. Front Immunol 14:1213203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1213203","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7192_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.021","volume":"5","author":"R Sinha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sinha R, Banerjee S, Mukherjee A et al (2020) Early use of rituximab in calcineurin inhibitor\u2013refractory and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 5:2354\u20132357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.021","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011080775","volume":"23","author":"A Magnasco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magnasco A, Ravani P, Edefonti A et al (2012) Rituximab in children with resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 23:1117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2011080775","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.09.011","volume":"106","author":"EY Chan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan EY, Sinha A, Yu ELM et al (2024) An international, multi-center study evaluated rituximab therapy in childhood steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 106:1146\u20131157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.09.011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05000516","volume":"12","author":"M Vivarelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (2017) Minimal change disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 12:332\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.05000516","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.027","volume":"107","author":"T-A Al-Aubodah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Aubodah T-A, Piccirillo CA, Trachtman H, Takano T (2025) The autoimmune architecture of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 107:271\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.10.027","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1167741","volume":"14","author":"F Vincenti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vincenti F, Angeletti A, Ghiggeri GM (2023) State of the art in childhood nephrotic syndrome: concrete discoveries and unmet needs. Front Immunol 14:1167741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1167741","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7192_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06551-x","volume":"40","author":"N Mann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mann N, Sun H, Majmundar AJ (2025) Mechanisms of podocyte injury in genetic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 40:1523\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06551-x","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04695-0","volume":"36","author":"G Malakasioti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malakasioti G, Iancu D, Tullus K (2021) Calcineurin inhibitors in nephrotic syndrome secondary to podocyte gene mutations: a systematic review. Pediatr Nephrol 36:1353\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04695-0","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1918","volume":"38","author":"B Hinkes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hinkes B, Wiggins RC, Gbadegesin R et al (2006) Positional cloning uncovers mutations in PLCE1 responsible for a nephrotic syndrome variant that may be reversible. Nat Genet 38:1397\u20131405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng1918","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"7192_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04914-8","volume":"36","author":"W Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan W, Airik R (2021) Primary coenzyme Q10 nephropathy, a potentially treatable form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 36:3515\u20133527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04914-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012859","volume":"5","author":"P Krall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krall P, Canales CP, Kairath P et al (2010) Podocyte-specific overexpression of wild type or mutant Trpc6 in mice is sufficient to cause glomerular disease. PLoS One 5:e12859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0012859","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7192_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017090958","volume":"29","author":"AS De Vriese","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Vriese AS, Sethi S, Nath KA et al (2018) Differentiating primary, genetic, and secondary FSGS in adults: a clinicopathologic approach. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:759\u2013774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017090958","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2010.010237","volume":"236","author":"L Jiang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jiang L, Ding J, Tsai H et al (2011) Over-expressing transient receptor potential cation channel 6 in podocytes induces cytoskeleton rearrangement through increases of intracellular Ca2+ and RhoA activation. Exp Biol Med 236:184\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ebm.2010.010237","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"7192_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C558","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00077.2008","volume":"296","author":"J Schl\u00f6ndorff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schl\u00f6ndorff J, Del Camino D, Carrasquillo R et al (2009) TRPC6 mutations associated with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis cause constitutive activation of NFAT-dependent transcription. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 296:C558\u2013C569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00077.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"7192_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07830910","volume":"6","author":"M Gigante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gigante M, Caridi G, Montemurno E et al (2011) TRPC6 mutations in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and atypical phenotype. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1626\u20131634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07830910","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05260610","volume":"6","author":"S Sant\u00edn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sant\u00edn S, Bullich G, Taz\u00f3n-Vega B et al (2011) Clinical utility of genetic testing in children and adults with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:1139\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.05260610","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040388","volume":"22","author":"JB Kopp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kopp JB, Nelson GW, Sampath K et al (2011) APOL1 genetic variants in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:2129\u20132137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2011040388","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060589","volume":"24","author":"ND Palmer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palmer ND, Freedman BI (2013) APOL1 and progression of nondiabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 24:1344\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2013060589","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032","volume":"329","author":"G Genovese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Genovese G, Friedman DJ, Ross MD et al (2010) Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans. Science 329:841\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1193032","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7192_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.10.013","volume":"71","author":"A Adeyemo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Adeyemo A, Esezobor C, Solarin A et al (2018) HLA-DQA1 and APOL1 as risk loci for childhood-onset steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 71:399\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.10.013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7192_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.06.005","volume":"21","author":"S Limou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Limou S, Nelson GW, Kopp JB, Winkler CA (2014) APOL1 kidney risk alleles: population genetics and disease associations. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 21:426\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.06.005","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7192_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.2667","volume":"331","author":"T Hopper","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hopper T, Olabisi OA (2024) APOL1-mediated kidney disease. JAMA 331:1668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2024.2667","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7192_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI172262","volume":"134","author":"S Datta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Datta S, Antonio BM, Zahler NH et al (2024) APOL1-mediated monovalent cation transport contributes to APOL1-mediated podocytopathy in kidney disease. J Clin Invest 134:e172262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI172262","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7192_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000219","volume":"34","author":"AM Hung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hung AM, Assimon VA, Chen H-C et al (2023) Genetic inhibition of APOL1 pore-forming function prevents APOL1-mediated kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 34:1889\u20131899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000219","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07180622","volume":"17","author":"RE Campbell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campbell RE, Thurman JM (2022) The immune system and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 17:1823\u20131834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.07180622","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1247606","volume":"14","author":"G Salfi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salfi G, Casiraghi F, Remuzzi G (2023) Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circulating permeability factor in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Front Immunol 14:1247606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1247606","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"7192_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-025-00671-w","volume":"11","author":"P Romagnani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Romagnani P, Tang SCW, Weins A et al (2025) Podocytopathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 11:87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-025-00671-w","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"7192_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40348-021-00128-6","volume":"8","author":"A Hackl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hackl A, Zed SEDA, Diefenhardt P et al (2021) The role of the immune system in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Mol Cell Pediatr 8:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40348-021-00128-6","journal-title":"Mol Cell Pediatr"},{"key":"7192_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.04.006","volume":"9","author":"A Angeletti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Angeletti A, Bin S, Kajana X et al (2024) Combined rituximab and daratumumab treatment in difficult-to-treat nephrotic syndrome cases. Kidney Int Rep 9:1892\u20131896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.04.006","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314471","volume":"391","author":"FE Hengel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hengel FE, Dehde S, Lass\u00e9 M et al (2024) Autoantibodies targeting nephrin in podocytopathies. N Engl J Med 391:422\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2314471","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7192_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.023","volume":"103","author":"LH Mariani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mariani LH, Eddy S, Al Akwaa FM et al (2023) Precision nephrology identified tumor necrosis factor activation variability in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 103:565\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216426","volume":"14","author":"C-F Chung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chung C-F, Kitzler T, Kachurina N et al (2019) Intrinsic tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 pathway is activated in a subset of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PLoS One 14:e0216426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216426","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7192_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.05.022","volume":"94","author":"J Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao J, Mariani L, Eddy S et al (2018) JAK-STAT signaling is activated in the kidney and peripheral blood cells of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 94:795\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2018.05.022","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.11.005","volume":"7","author":"KZ Latt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Latt KZ, Heymann J, Jessee JH et al (2022) Urine single-cell RNA sequencing in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis reveals inflammatory signatures. Kidney Int Rep 7:289\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.11.005","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.133267","volume":"5","author":"R Menon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Menon R, Otto EA, Hoover P et al (2020) Single cell transcriptomics identifies focal segmental glomerulosclerosis remission endothelial biomarker. JCI Insight 5:e133267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.133267","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"7192_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R877","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00425.2015","volume":"310","author":"R Komers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Komers R, Plotkin H (2016) Dual inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelin-1 in treatment of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310:R877\u2013R884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00425.2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"7192_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63292-0","volume":"165","author":"K Kitagawa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kitagawa K, Wada T, Furuichi K et al (2004) Blockade of CCR2 ameliorates progressive fibrosis in kidney. Am J Pathol 165:237\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63292-0","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"7192_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneph.2023.1346769","volume":"3","author":"CK Cheung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheung CK, Barratt J, Liew A et al (2024) The role of BAFF and APRIL in IgA nephropathy: pathogenic mechanisms and targeted therapies. Front Nephrol 3:1346769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneph.2023.1346769","journal-title":"Front Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277800","volume":"17","author":"J Forero-Delgadillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forero-Delgadillo J, Ochoa V, Restrepo JM et al (2022) B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and its receptors\u2019 expression in pediatric nephrotic syndrome is associated with worse prognosis. PLoS One 17:e0277800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0277800","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"7192_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i129","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw336","volume":"32","author":"TK-W Ma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ma TK-W, McAdoo SP, Tam FWK (2017) Targeting the tyrosine kinase signalling pathways for treatment of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis: from bench to bedside and beyond. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32:i129\u2013i138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfw336","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7192_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.02.039","volume":"100","author":"K Artinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Artinger K, Kirsch AH, Mooslechner AA et al (2021) Blockade of tumor necrosis factor superfamily members CD30 and OX40 abrogates disease activity in murine immune-mediated glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 100:336\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.02.039","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004985","volume":"108","author":"J Shoji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shoji J, Goggins WC, Wellen JR et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of bleselumab in preventing the recurrence of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in kidney transplant recipients: a phase 2a, randomized, multicenter study. Transplantation 108:1782\u20131792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000004985","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"7192_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.155","volume":"14","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Zaritsky JJ, Fornoni A, Smoyer WE (2018) Dyslipidaemia in nephrotic syndrome: mechanisms and treatment. Nat Rev Nephrol 14:57\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2017.155","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00741-w","volume":"19","author":"A Mitrofanova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitrofanova A, Merscher S, Fornoni A (2023) Kidney lipid dysmetabolism and lipid droplet accumulation in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 19:629\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-023-00741-w","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M002410","volume":"51","author":"FJ Field","year":"2010","unstructured":"Field FJ, Watt K, Mathur SN (2010) TNF-\u03b1 decreases ABCA1 expression and attenuates HDL cholesterol efflux in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. J Lipid Res 51:1407\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M002410","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"7192_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab022","volume":"30","author":"M Ge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ge M, Molina J, Ducasa GM et al (2021) APOL1 risk variants affect podocyte lipid homeostasis and energy production in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 30:182\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddab022","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"7192_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202396","volume":"388","author":"O Egbuna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Egbuna O, Zimmerman B, Manos G et al (2023) Inaxaplin for proteinuric kidney disease in persons with two APOL1 variants. N Engl J Med 388:969\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2202396","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7192_CR62","unstructured":"Vertex Pharmaceuticals (n.d.) Vertex advances inaxaplin (VX-147) into phase 3 portion of adaptive phase 2\/3 clinical trial for the treatment of APOL1-mediated kidney disease. https:\/\/investors.vrtx.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/vertex-advances-inaxaplin-vx-147-phase-3-portion-adaptive-phase. Accessed 25 Oct 2025"},{"key":"7192_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.09.026","volume":"8","author":"H Trachtman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trachtman H, Kretzler M, Desmond HE et al (2023) TRPC6 inhibitor BI 764198 in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: phase 2 study design. Kidney Int Rep 8:2822\u20132825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.09.026","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/13543784.2025.2510673","volume":"34","author":"A Schultz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schultz A, Halabi A, Seitz F et al (2025) Phase 1 trials of BI 764198, a transient receptor potential channel 6 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers and participants with kidney impairment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 34:415\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13543784.2025.2510673","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"7192_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2025dwp4gpkf","volume":"36","author":"N Cross","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cross N, Trachtman H, Kretzler M et al (2025) TRPC6 inhibition for the treatment of FSGS: phase 2 randomized controlled trial of BI 764198: SA-OR046. J Am Soc Nephrol 36:10.1681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2025dwp4gpkf","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.294","volume":"9","author":"R Komers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Komers R, Coppo R, Ahmed NAM et al (2024) WCN24-774 preliminary findings from the phase 2 EPPIK study of sparsentan in pediatric patients with selected proteinuric glomerular diseases. Kidney Int Rep 9:S142\u2013S143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.294","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00569-X","volume":"401","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Radhakrishnan J, Alpers CE et al (2023) Sparsentan in patients with IgA nephropathy: a prespecified interim analysis from a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 401:1584\u20131594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00569-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7192_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018010091","volume":"29","author":"H Trachtman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trachtman H, Nelson P, Adler S et al (2018) DUET: a phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of sparsentan in patients with FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 29:2745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2018010091","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.12.017","volume":"5","author":"R Komers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Komers R, Diva U, Inrig JK et al (2020) Study design of the phase 3 sparsentan versus irbesartan (DUPLEX) study in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int Rep 5:494\u2013502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.12.017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308550","volume":"389","author":"MN Rheault","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rheault MN, Alpers CE, Barratt J et al (2023) Sparsentan versus irbesartan in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. N Engl J Med 389:2436\u20132445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2308550","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7192_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.1158","volume":"9","author":"J Barratt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barratt J, Desai A, Fornoni A et al (2024) WCN24-1132 ACTION3 \u2013 phase 3 study of DMX-200 for the treatment of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Kidney Int Rep 9:S550\u2013S551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.1158","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.09.044","volume":"10","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Fornoni A, Inker LA et al (2025) DMX-200 in patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: results of the phase 2 ACTION2 trial. Kidney Int Rep 10:4272\u20134276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2025.09.044","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.20223311S1798b","volume":"33","author":"SD Roger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roger SD, Mudge DW, Nelson CL et al (2022) The ACTION (AT1R and CCR2 targets for inflammatory nephrosis) program in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: SA-PO708. J Am Soc Nephrol 33:798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.20223311S1798b","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85939","volume":"126","author":"CE Pedigo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pedigo CE, Ducasa GM, Leclercq F et al (2016) Local TNF causes NFATc1-dependent cholesterol-mediated podocyte injury. J Clin Invest 126:3336\u20133350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI85939","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"7192_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.06.031","volume":"94","author":"A Mitrofanova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mitrofanova A, Molina J, Varona Santos J et al (2018) Hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin protects from kidney disease in experimental Alport syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 94:1151\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2018.06.031","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309439","volume":"390","author":"P Vermersch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vermersch P, Granziera C, Mao-Draayer Y et al (2024) Inhibition of CD40L with frexalimab in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 390:589\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2309439","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7192_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq031","volume":"49","author":"T Horiuchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horiuchi T, Mitoma H, Harashima S et al (2010) Transmembrane TNF-\u00a0: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology 49:1215\u20131228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq031","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"7192_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.01.006","volume":"83","author":"J Willoughby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willoughby J, Griffiths J, Tews I, Cragg MS (2017) OX40: structure and function \u2013 what questions remain? Mol Immunol 83:13\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.01.006","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"7192_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0779-z","volume":"17","author":"S Pal Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pal Singh S, Dammeijer F, Hendriks RW (2018) Role of Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase in B cells and malignancies. Mol Cancer 17:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12943-018-0779-z","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"7192_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000648","volume":"36","author":"J Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin J, Radhakrishnan J (2025) What are baskets, umbrellas, and platforms doing in nephrology clinical trials? J Am Soc Nephrol 36:1652\u20131654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000648","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103329","volume":"149","author":"S-Z Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu S-Z, Yuan Z-Y, Zhang X-X et al (2024) The emerging role of BLyS\/APRIL in autoimmune diseases: biological characteristics, functions, and therapeutic potential. J Autoimmun 149:103329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103329","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7192_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.03.012","volume":"105","author":"R Lafayette","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lafayette R, Barbour S, Israni R et al (2024) A phase 2b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of atacicept for treatment of IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 105:1306\u20131315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2024.03.012","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000541","volume":"36","author":"J Barratt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barratt J, Barbour SJ, Brenner RM et al (2025) Long-term results from an open-label extension study of atacicept for the treatment of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 36:679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.0000000541","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7192_CR84","unstructured":"Vera Therapeutics (n.d.) Vera therapeutics initiates pivotal phase 3 (ORIGIN 3) clinical trial of atacicept for the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). https:\/\/ir.veratx.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/vera-therapeutics-initiates-pivotal-phase-3-origin-3-clinical\/. Accessed 26 Oct 2025"},{"key":"7192_CR85","unstructured":"Vera Therapeutics (n.d.) Vera therapeutics completes full enrollment in pivotal ORIGIN phase 3 trial for atacicept in IgAN. https:\/\/ir.veratx.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/vera-therapeutics-completes-full-enrollment-pivotal-origin-phase\/. Accessed 26 Oct 2025"},{"key":"7192_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.333","volume":"9","author":"J Barratt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barratt J, Maes B, Israni R et al (2024) WCN24-1414 ORIGIN 3: pivotal phase 3 study evaluating effect of atacicept vs placebo on proteinuria and renal function preservation in IGA nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 9:S164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.02.333","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-021-00084-6","volume":"8","author":"K Merchant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merchant K, Zanos S, Datta-Chaudhuri T et al (2022) Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for the treatment of pediatric nephrotic syndrome: a pilot study. Bioelectron Med 8:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42234-021-00084-6","journal-title":"Bioelectron Med"},{"key":"7192_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.428","volume":"83","author":"CA Gadegbeku","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gadegbeku CA, Gipson DS, Holzman LB et al (2013) Design of the nephrotic syndrome study network (NEPTUNE) to evaluate primary glomerular nephropathy by a multidisciplinary approach. Kidney Int 83:749\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2012.428","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.11.018","volume":"105","author":"H Trachtman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trachtman H, Desmond H, Williams AL et al (2024) Rationale and design of the nephrotic syndrome study network (NEPTUNE) match in glomerular diseases: designing the right trial for the right patient, today. Kidney Int 105:218\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.11.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7192_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1_23","volume":"26","author":"N Mbanefo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mbanefo N, Ogbuka F, Nwaoha C et al (2023) The pattern of steroid sensitivity and steroid resistance in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a 5-year retrospective observational descriptive study in a South-East Nigerian tertiary hospital. Niger J Clin Pract 26:1017\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njcp.njcp_1_23","journal-title":"Niger J Clin Pract"},{"key":"7192_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mekahli D, Liutkus A, Ranchin B (2009) Long-term outcome of idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: a multicenter study. Pediatr Nephrol 24:1525\u20131532.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-009-1138-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-009-1138-5"},{"key":"7192_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.04.062","volume":"9","author":"K Wong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wong K, Pitcher D, Braddon F et al (2024) Description and cross-sectional analyses of 25,880 adults and children in the UK national registry of rare kidney diseases cohort. Kidney Int Rep 9:2067\u20132083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.04.062","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7192_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.114443","volume":"284","author":"C Robinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Robinson C, Wagner S, Aman N et al (2025) Incidence and risk factors for hypertension among children with nephrotic syndrome. J Pediatr 284:114443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2024.114443","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"7192_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.07.020","volume":"73","author":"LH Mariani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mariani LH, Bomback AS, Canetta PA et al (2019) CureGN study rationale, design, and methods: establishing a large prospective observational study of glomerular disease. Am J Kidney Dis 73:218\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.07.020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07192-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07192-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07192-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:47:31Z","timestamp":1786978051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07192-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07192-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Chia-shi Wang has received research support from Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Genentech Inc., River 3 Renal Corporation, and Dimerix Bioscience Pty. Ltd., outside the submitted work. Chris K. Fan, Heather S. Jung, and Yasmine Pang have no financial interests to disclose.\u00a0Chia-shi Wang is an unpaid member of the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Work Group for review of the 2025 KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Nephrotic Syndrome in Children.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}