{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:10:03Z","timestamp":1790266203161,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI23\/00669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI23\/00669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07201-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:22:50Z","timestamp":1776097370000},"page":"3749-3760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic kidney disease progression in glomerular diseases: is hematuria a key risk factor?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel M.","family":"Sevillano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Caravaca-Font\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernando","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Egido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Praga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7468-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"7201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii19","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad232","volume":"16","author":"L Zand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zand L, Fervenza FC, Coppo R (2023) Microscopic hematuria as a risk factor for IgAN progression: considering this biomarker in selecting and monitoring patients. Clin Kidney J 16:ii19\u2013ii27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfad232","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"7201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.326","volume":"78","author":"M Furlano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Furlano M, Mart\u00ednez V, Pybus M et al (2021) Clinical and genetic features of autosomal dominant Alport syndrome: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 78:560-570.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.02.326","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.022","volume":"80","author":"MK Saha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saha MK, Massicotte-Azarniouch D, Reynolds ML et al (2022) Glomerular hematuria and the utility of urine microscopy: a review. Am J Kidney Dis 80:383\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001297","volume":"204","author":"DA Barocas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD et al (2020) Microhematuria: AUA\/SUFU guideline. J Urol 204:778\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000001297","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"7201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.1989.03430090076037","volume":"262","author":"S Woolhandler","year":"1989","unstructured":"Woolhandler S, Pels RJ, Bor DH et al (1989) Dipstick urinalysis screening of asymptomatic adults for urinary tract disorders: I. Hematuria Proteinuria JAMA 262:1214\u20131219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMA.1989.03430090076037","journal-title":"Hematuria Proteinuria JAMA"},{"key":"7201_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.188","volume":"40","author":"H Kohler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kohler H, Wandel E, Brunck B (1991) Acanthocyturia - a characteristic marker for glomerular bleeding. Kidney Int 40:115\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1991.188","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.11.039","volume":"51","author":"GB Fogazzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fogazzi GB, Verdesca S, Garigali G (2008) Urinalysis: core curriculum 2008. Am J Kidney Dis 51:1052\u20131067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.11.039","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3343\/ALM.2022.42.2.160","volume":"42","author":"H Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho H, Yoo J, Kim H et al (2022) Diagnostic characteristics of urinary red blood cell distribution incorporated in UF-5000 for differentiation of glomerular and non-glomerular hematuria. Ann Lab Med 42:160\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3343\/ALM.2022.42.2.160","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"7201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMRA1604481","volume":"385","author":"JR Ingelfinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ingelfinger JR (2021) Hematuria in adults. N Engl J Med 385:153\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMRA1604481","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7201_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80710-6","volume":"95","author":"VM Vehaskari","year":"1979","unstructured":"Vehaskari VM, Rapola J, Koskimies O et al (1979) Microscopic hematuria in schoolchildren: epidemiology and clinicopathologic evaluation. J Pediatr 95:676\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80710-6","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"7201_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2549","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-022-05746-4","volume":"38","author":"O Horv\u00e1th","year":"2023","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th O, Szab\u00f3 AJ, Reusz GS (2023) How to define and assess the clinically significant causes of hematuria in childhood. Pediatr Nephrol 38:2549\u20132562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00467-022-05746-4","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1141","volume":"306","author":"A Vivante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vivante A, Afek A, Frenkel-Nir Y et al (2011) Persistent asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria in Israeli adolescents and young adults and risk for end-stage renal disease. JAMA 306:729\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2011.1141","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12882-018-0951-0","volume":"19","author":"PF Orlandi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orlandi PF, Fujii N, Roy J et al (2018) Hematuria as a risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease and death: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study. BMC Nephrol 19:150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12882-018-0951-0","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017010108","volume":"28","author":"AM Sevillano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sevillano AM, Guti\u00e9rrez E, Yuste C et al (2017) Remission of hematuria improves renal survival in IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 28:3089\u20133099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017010108","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMRA1108178","volume":"366","author":"S Sethi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sethi S, Fervenza FC (2012) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis\u2013a new look at an old entity. N Engl J Med 366:1119\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMRA1108178","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.06.005","volume":"356","author":"HYH Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin HYH, Niu SW, Kuo IC et al (2018) Hematuria and renal outcomes in patients with diabetic chronic kidney disease. Am J Med Sci 356:268\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjms.2018.06.005","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"7201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000181098.56617.B2","volume":"80","author":"R Koushik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koushik R, Garvey C, Manivel JC et al (2005) Persistent, asymptomatic, microscopic hematuria in prospective kidney donors. Transplantation 80:1425\u20131429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.TP.0000181098.56617.B2","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"7201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03077.x","volume":"10","author":"R Kido","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kido R, Shibagaki Y, Iwadoh K et al (2010) Persistent glomerular hematuria in living kidney donors confers a risk of progressive kidney disease in donors after heminephrectomy. Am J Transplant 10:1597\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2010.03077.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001093","volume":"100","author":"ML Wyld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wyld ML, Chadban SJ (2016) Recurrent IgA nephropathy after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 100:1827\u20131832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000001093","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"7201_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000230131.66971.45","volume":"82","author":"SP McDonald","year":"2006","unstructured":"McDonald SP, Russ GR (2006) Recurrence of IgA nephropathy among renal allograft recipients from living donors is greater among those with zero HLA mismatches. Transplantation 82:759\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.TP.0000230131.66971.45","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"7201_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.08.018","volume":"5","author":"LW Gaber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gaber LW, Khan FN, Graviss EA et al (2020) Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of incidental IgA glomerular deposits in donor kidneys. Kidney Int Rep 5:1914\u20131924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.08.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS20092205","volume":"20","author":"JA Moreno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moreno JA, Sevillano \u00c1, Guti\u00e9rrez E et al (2019) Glomerular hematuria: cause or consequence of renal inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 20:2205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS20092205","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7201_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/JCM11226785","volume":"11","author":"M Weng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weng M, Lin J, Chen Y et al (2022) Time-averaged hematuria as a prognostic indicator of renal outcome in patients with IgA nephropathy. J Clin Med 11:6785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/JCM11226785","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7201_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.11.008","volume":"76","author":"GZ Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu GZ, Guo L, Dong JF et al (2020) Persistent hematuria and kidney disease progression in IgA nephropathy: a cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 76:90\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.11.008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFR527","volume":"27","author":"WB Le","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le WB, Liang SS, Hu YL et al (2012) Long-term renal survival and related risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy: results from a cohort of 1155 cases in a Chinese adult population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:1479\u20131485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/GFR527","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c157","DOI":"10.1159\/000104426","volume":"106","author":"P Shen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shen P, He L, Li Y et al (2007) Natural history and prognostic factors of IgA nephropathy presented with isolated microscopic hematuria in Chinese patients. Nephron Clin Pract 106:c157\u2013c161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000104426","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"7201_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1007\/S10157-021-02069-W","volume":"25","author":"K Matsuzaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsuzaki K, Suzuki H, Kawamura T et al (2021) Utility of remission criteria for the renal prognosis of IgA nephropathy. Clin Exp Nephrol 25:988\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S10157-021-02069-W","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2021.1879852","volume":"43","author":"P He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He P, Wang H, Huang C, He L (2021) Hematuria was a high risk for renal progression and ESRD in immunoglobulin a nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ren Fail 43:488\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0886022X.2021.1879852","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"7201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFZ267","volume":"36","author":"SA Bobart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bobart SA, Alexander MP, Shawwa K et al (2021) The association of microhematuria with mesangial hypercellularity, endocapillary hypercellularity, crescent score and renal outcomes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 36:840\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/GFZ267","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/S12882-023-03165-7","volume":"24","author":"H Rahimzadeh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahimzadeh H, Ajlou S, Nili F, Razeghi E (2023) Alport syndrome misdiagnosed with IgA nephropathy from familial history: a case report and brief review. BMC Nephrol 24:97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12882-023-03165-7","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12882-025-04416-5","volume":"26","author":"P Shao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shao P, Liang W, Xv R et al (2025) Pathogenic synonymous variation of the COL4A3 gene causing Alport syndrome comorbid with IgA deposition in a toddler: a case report. BMC Nephrol 26:493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12882-025-04416-5","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.12.037","volume":"82","author":"E Baumrin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baumrin E, Azzawi S, St. John J et al (2020) Prognostic implications of normal or minimal urinary findings on long-term renal impairment in adults with Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura. J Am Acad Dermatol 82:1393\u20131399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.12.037","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"7201_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/S40620-022-01389-8","volume":"36","author":"V Maisons","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maisons V, Halimi JM, Barbet C et al (2023) Towards better indications for kidney biopsy in adult IgA vasculitis: a clinical-laboratory and pathology correlation study. J Nephrol 36:485\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S40620-022-01389-8","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.03.026","volume":"77","author":"CE Kashtan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kashtan CE (2021) Alport syndrome: achieving early diagnosis and treatment. Am J Kidney Dis 77:272\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.03.026","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regg.2010.07.007","volume":"45","author":"M Heras","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heras M, Saiz A, Sanchez R et al (2010) Kidney biopsy in patients aged 65 years or older: are there differences in indications and histopathology compared with the rest of patients? Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 45:316\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.regg.2010.07.007","journal-title":"Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol"},{"key":"7201_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-011-1935-5","volume":"27","author":"C Deltas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deltas C, Pierides A, Voskarides K (2012) The role of molecular genetics in diagnosing familial hematuria(s). Pediatr Nephrol 27:1221\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00467-011-1935-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04160417","volume":"13","author":"RL Rhee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rhee RL, Davis JC, Ding L et al (2018) The utility of urinalysis in determining the risk of renal relapse in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 13:251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.04160417","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301678646164","volume":"10","author":"P Rahman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rahman P, Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB (2001) Significance of isolated hematuria and isolated pyuria in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 10:418\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/096120301678646164","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"7201_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFAE102","volume":"39","author":"F Caravaca-Font\u00e1n","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caravaca-Font\u00e1n F, Praga M (2024) Microscopic hematuria in C3G and IC-MPGN. Nephrol Dial Transplant 39:1529\u20131532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/GFAE102","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000309","volume":"19","author":"D Marchel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marchel D, Trachtman H, Larkina M et al (2024) The significance of hematuria in podocytopathies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 19:56\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000309","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFX058","volume":"33","author":"E Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez E, Praga M, Rivera F et al (2018) Changes in the clinical presentation of immunoglobulin A nephropathy: data from the Spanish Registry of Glomerulonephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 33:472\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/GFX058","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02670706","volume":"2","author":"E Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez E, Gonz\u00e1lez E, Hern\u00e1ndez E et al (2007) Factors that determine an incomplete recovery of renal function in macrohematuria-induced acute renal failure of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2:51\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.02670706","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.120","volume":"28","author":"M Praga","year":"1985","unstructured":"Praga M, Gutierrez-Millet V, Navas JJ et al (1985) Acute worsening of renal function during episodes of macroscopic hematuria in IgA nephropathy. Kidney Int 28:69\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1985.120","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.03.003","volume":"9","author":"S Ishimori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ishimori S, Horinouchi T, Yamamura T et al (2024) Role of iron in children with immunoglobulin A nephropathy and macrohematuria-induced acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Rep 9:1664\u20131673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.03.003","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7201_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-015-3119-1","volume":"31","author":"JA Moreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moreno JA, Yuste C, Guti\u00e9rrez E et al (2016) Haematuria as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression in glomerular diseases: a review. Pediatr Nephrol 31:523\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00467-015-3119-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.5858\/ARPA.2022-0514-OA","volume":"148","author":"M Kitamura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kitamura M, Biederman L, Ibrahim D et al (2024) Correlation of red blood cell casts with renal dysfunction in patients with infection-related glomerulonephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 148:545\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/ARPA.2022-0514-OA","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"7201_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFAF023","volume":"40","author":"YX Yao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yao YX, Tang C, Shi SF et al (2025) Red blood cell casts on kidney biopsy and progression of IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 40:1570\u20131579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/GFAF023","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1159\/000525836","volume":"53","author":"S Tachibana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tachibana S, Iyoda M, Suzuki T et al (2022) Serum uromodulin levels reflect severity of clinicopathological findings in early stage IgA nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 53:575\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000525836","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2019.03.002","volume":"1","author":"SV Brodsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brodsky SV, Satoskar A, Hemminger J et al (2019) Anticoagulant-related nephropathy in kidney biopsy: a single-center report of 41 cases. Kidney Med 1:51\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xkme.2019.03.002","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"7201_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta A, Mikhalina G, Satoskar AA et al (2023) Clinical outcomes in patients with biopsy proven anticoagulant-related nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 7:1445\u20131448. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37441464\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2023.04.014"},{"key":"7201_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EKIR.2022.01.1048","volume":"7","author":"H Trujillo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trujillo H, Sandino J, Cavero T et al (2022) IgA nephropathy is the most common underlying disease in patients with anticoagulant-related nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 7:831\u2013840. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.EKIR.2022.01.1048","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7201_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.13251118","volume":"14","author":"AM Sevillano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sevillano AM, Diaz M, Caravaca-Font\u00e1n F et al (2019) IgA nephropathy in elderly patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 14:1183\u20131192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.13251118","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5527\/WJN.V4.I2.185","volume":"4","author":"C Yuste","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuste C, Gutierrez E, Sevillano AM et al (2015) Pathogenesis of glomerular haematuria. World J Nephrol 4:185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5527\/WJN.V4.I2.185","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015080856","volume":"27","author":"E Boedec","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boedec E et al (2016) IgA1 protease treatment reverses mesangial deposits and hematuria in a model of IgA nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 27:2622\u20132629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2015080856","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102593","volume":"118","author":"Z Moldoveanu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moldoveanu Z, Suzuki H, Reily C et al (2021) Experimental evidence of pathogenic role of IgG autoantibodies in IgA nephropathy. J Autoimmun 118:102593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102593","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"7201_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/17.9.1586","volume":"17","author":"SM Jalalah","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jalalah SM, Alzahrani IH, Furness PN (2002) Glomerular changes in microscopic haematuria, studied by quantitative immunoelectron microscopy and in situ zymography. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17:1586\u20131593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/17.9.1586","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4115","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.87.11.4115","volume":"87","author":"RJ Falk","year":"1990","unstructured":"Falk RJ, Terrell RS, Charles LA, Jennette JC (1990) Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies induce neutrophils to degranulate and produce oxygen radicals in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:4115\u20134119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/PNAS.87.11.4115","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7201_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.10.008","volume":"187","author":"CLV Westhorpe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Westhorpe CLV, Bayard JE, O\u2019Sullivan KM et al (2017) In vivo imaging of inflamed glomeruli reveals dynamics of neutrophil extracellular trap formation in glomerular capillaries. Am J Pathol 187:318\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.10.008","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"7201_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.82","volume":"78","author":"JB Kopp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kopp JB (2010) Glomerular pathology in autosomal dominant MYH9 spectrum disorders: what are the clues telling us about disease mechanism. Kidney Int 78:130\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.82","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000001063","volume":"34","author":"J Savige","year":"2025","unstructured":"Savige J (2025) Alport syndrome: an update. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 34:206\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNH.0000000000001063","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"7201_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12882-021-02334-W","volume":"22","author":"S Taguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Taguchi S, Hidaka S, Yanai M et al (2021) Renal hemosiderosis presenting with acute kidney injury and macroscopic hematuria in Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a case report. BMC Nephrol 22:132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12882-021-02334-W","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/PATH.5011","volume":"244","author":"A Rubio-Navarro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rubio-Navarro A, Sanchez-Ni\u00f1o MD, Guerrero-Hue M et al (2018) Podocytes are new cellular targets of haemoglobin-mediated renal damage. J Pathol 244:296\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PATH.5011","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"7201_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/S41581-019-0181-0","volume":"15","author":"K Van Avondt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Avondt K, Nur E, Zeerleder S (2019) Mechanisms of haemolysis-induced kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 15:671\u2013692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41581-019-0181-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006080894","volume":"18","author":"MJ Tracz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tracz MJ, Alam J, Nath KA (2007) Physiology and pathophysiology of heme: implications for kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:414\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2006080894","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS24010449","volume":"24","author":"L Rochette","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rochette L, Dogon G, Rigal E et al (2022) Lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism: two corner stones in the homeostasis control of ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 24:449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/IJMS24010449","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"7201_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.10.283","volume":"225","author":"C Garc\u00eda-Caballero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Caballero C, Guerrero-Hue M, Vallejo-Mudarra M et al (2024) Nox4 is involved in acute kidney injury associated to intravascular hemolysis. Free Radic Biol Med 225:430\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.10.283","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"7201_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2018.00274","volume":"9","author":"Y Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng Y, Huang R, Guo F et al (2018) Selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor 23bb alleviated rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 9:274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2018.00274","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"7201_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0005442022","volume":"3","author":"KA Nath","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nath KA, Singh RD, Croatt AJ, Adams CM (2022) Heme proteins and kidney injury: beyond rhabdomyolysis. Kidney360 3:1969\u20131979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/KID.0005442022","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"7201_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/PATH.5995","volume":"258","author":"C V\u00e1zquez-Carballo","year":"2022","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Carballo C, Herencia C, Guerrero-Hue M et al (2022) Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in intravascular hemolysis-mediated injury. J Pathol 258:236\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/PATH.5995","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"7201_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00471.x","volume":"59","author":"KA Nath","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nath KA, Vercellotti GM, Grande JP et al (2001) Heme protein-induced chronic renal inflammation: suppressive effect of induced heme oxygenase-1. Kidney Int 59:106\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00471.x","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2013-03-489245","volume":"122","author":"M Frimat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frimat M, Tabarin F, Dimitrov JD et al (2013) Complement activation by heme as a secondary hit for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Blood 122:282\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2013-03-489245","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"7201_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFR749","volume":"27","author":"JA Moreno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moreno JA, Mart\u00edn-Cleary C, Guti\u00e9rrez E et al (2012) Haematuria: the forgotten CKD factor? Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:28\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/NDT\/GFR749","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7201_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FPHAR.2019.00740","volume":"10","author":"A Rubio-Navarro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rubio-Navarro A, V\u00e1zquez-Carballo C, Guerrero-Hue M et al (2019) Nrf2 plays a protective role against intravascular hemolysis-mediated acute kidney injury. Front Pharmacol 10:740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPHAR.2019.00740","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"7201_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c42","DOI":"10.1159\/000342385","volume":"121","author":"E Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez E, Egido J, Rubio-Navarro A et al (2012) Oxidative stress, macrophage infiltration and CD163 expression are determinants of long-term renal outcome in macrohematuria-induced acute kidney injury of IgA nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 121:c42\u2013c53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000342385","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"7201_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","volume":"105","author":"PE Stevens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ et al (2024) KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 105:S117\u2013S314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","volume":"100","author":"BH Rovin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rovin BH, Adler SG, Barratt J et al (2021) KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 100:S1\u2013S276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.02.003","volume":"82","author":"LH Beck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Beck LH, Ayoub I, Caster D et al (2023) KDOQI US commentary on the 2021 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Am J Kidney Dis 82:121\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.02.003","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000004490","volume":"213","author":"DA Barocas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barocas DA, Lotan Y, Matulewicz RS et al (2025) Updates to microhematuria: AUA\/SUFU guideline (2025). J Urol 213:547\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JU.0000000000004490","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"7201_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-1496","volume":"164","author":"M Nielsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nielsen M, Qaseem A (2016) Hematuria as a marker of occult urinary tract cancer: advice for high-value care from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 164:488\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M15-1496","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"7201_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01554-4","volume":"402","author":"R Lafayette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lafayette R, Kristensen J, Stone A et al (2023) Efficacy and safety of a targeted-release formulation of budesonide in patients with primary IgA nephropathy (NefIgArd): 2-year results from a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet 402:859\u2013870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01554-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7201_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/J.KINT.2025.04.003","volume":"108","author":"J Floege","year":"2025","unstructured":"Floege J, Barratt J, Cook HT et al (2025) Executive summary of the KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the management of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV). Kidney Int 108:548\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.KINT.2025.04.003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7201_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/NRNEPH.2013.98","volume":"9","author":"AMF Martines","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martines AMF, Masereeuw R, Tjalsma H et al (2013) Iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of iron-induced kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 9:385\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/NRNEPH.2013.98","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7201_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/CDDIS.2015.392","volume":"7","author":"JW Deuel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deuel JW, Schaer CA, Boretti FS et al (2016) Hemoglobinuria-related acute kidney injury is driven by intrarenal oxidative reactions triggering a heme toxicity response. Cell Death Dis 7:e2064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/CDDIS.2015.392","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"7201_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1073\/PNAS.0910174107","volume":"107","author":"O Boutaud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boutaud O, Moore KP, Reeder BJ et al (2010) Acetaminophen inhibits hemoprotein-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and attenuates rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:2699\u20132704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/PNAS.0910174107","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"7201_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/NEP.13189","volume":"24","author":"A Uchida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uchida A, Kidokoro K, Sogawa Y et al (2019) 5-aminolevulinic acid exerts renoprotective effect via Nrf2 activation in murine rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury. Nephrology 24:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/NEP.13189","journal-title":"Nephrology"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07201-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07201-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07201-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T15:33:40Z","timestamp":1790264020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07201-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["7201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07201-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}