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AKI was defined according to KDIGO serum creatinine criteria. Kidney damage (KD) was defined as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and\/or hypertension at follow-up. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify risk factors and to calculate odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR), respectively. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis evaluated KD-free survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At JIA onset, 45 patients (23.4%) developed AKI, mostly stage 1, with no cases requiring dialysis. Independent predictors of AKI were younger age, elevated C-reactive protein, and ANA positivity. After a mean follow-up of 6.3 years (range 1\u201327.5), 23 patients (12%) developed KD (19 CKD, 4 hypertension, 2 both). Patients with AKI at onset had a significantly higher risk of KD (OR 5.8, 95% CI: 2.4\u201315.2; HR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9\u20138.9). At 25.1 years of age, the cumulative proportion free from KD was 26.9% in patients with AKI versus 64.1% in those without (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AKI is relatively frequent at JIA onset and represents a strong predictor of long-term kidney damage. Early recognition and careful follow-up of children with AKI may help identify those at greatest risk for adverse kidney outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07222-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T07:35:39Z","timestamp":1772523339000},"page":"2259-2268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors for acute kidney injury at the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children and its long-term implications for kidney health"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Gicchino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Arenella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"De Simone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Di Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Naviglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Tirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Rivetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Di Sessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Miraglia del Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma Nunzia","family":"Olivieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4682-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Marzuillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"7222_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40744-016-0040-4","volume":"3","author":"G Giancane","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giancane G, Consolaro A, Lanni S, Dav\u00ec S, Schiappapietra BRA (2016) Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: diagnosis and treatment. 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