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The clinical trial reports (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099) and biomarker studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200933) were limited in scope. The natural history and epidemiology articles (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941) suggested that the severity of kidney histopathology at the time of diagnosis indicated a higher risk of disease progression while proteinuria\u2009&lt;\u20090.5\u20131\u00a0mg\/mg creatinine was associated with a more favorable prognosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In conjunction with the similar biological basis of the disease in pediatric and adult patients, these findings may enable the use of extrapolation in the design of clinical trials in pediatric patients with IgAN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07245-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T03:32:58Z","timestamp":1772940778000},"page":"2481-2487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Promoting clinical trials in pediatric IgA nephropathy through extrapolation: an artificial intelligence\u2013enhanced literature review of the disease in pediatrics sponsored by the Kidney Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"David T.","family":"Selewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor M.","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecile","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara S.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Prasad N.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myda","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radko","family":"Komers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Nakanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokesh N.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Squillaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7778-292X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard","family":"Trachtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"7245_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000000000135","volume":"18","author":"D Pitcher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pitcher D, Braddon F, Hendry B, Mercer A, Osmaston K, Saleem MA, Steenkamp R, Wong K, Turner AN, Wang K, Gale DP, Barratt J (2023) Long-term outcomes in IgA nephropathy. 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