{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:26:38Z","timestamp":1786980398543,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"CHU Martinique \/ Guadeloupe \/ Cayenne"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sickle cell nephropathy is a common complication of sickle cell disease that begins in childhood and can progress silently to chronic kidney disease. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), data on early kidney damage in children with sickle cell disease remain limited. In 2017, studies conducted in the same context reported separately on the prevalence of microalbuminuria and glomerular hyperfiltration (GHF). This study aimed to update the prevalence of albuminuria and GHF and to determine their associated factors in children with sickle cell disease in the DRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a cross-sectional study including 175 children with sickle cell disease, followed up in four hospitals in Kinshasa. High albuminuria and GHF, the main evaluation criteria, were defined respectively by an albuminuria\/creatinine ratio (ACR)\u2009\u2265\u200930\u00a0mg\/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)\u2009&gt;\u2009130\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in girls and\u2009&gt;\u2009140\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      in boys, according to the Schwartz formula.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 175 children included, 28.5% had high albuminuria and 38.3% had GHF. Factors significantly associated with early renal involvement were frequent blood transfusions (\u2265\u20099\/year), recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (\u2265\u20093\/year), low fetal hemoglobin levels (&lt;\u200915%), and markers of hemolysis (LDH\u2009&gt;\u2009400\u00a0IU\/L and elevated indirect bilirubin). These results reflect a high persistence of early renal impairment nearly nine years after the first data were published.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early markers of kidney damage remain very common in children with homozygous sickle cell disease in the DRC. This persistence highlights the lack of effective kidney prevention strategies and the urgent need for systematic screening using simple and accessible tools in resource-limited settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07304-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:13:56Z","timestamp":1777954436000},"page":"3433-3442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of early markers of kidney damage in homozygotic sickle cell patients in the DR Congo: Update"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Dieumerci","family":"Betukumesu Kabasele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Aloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9651-437X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arriel","family":"Makembi Bunkete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Kajingulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Lumbala Kabuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orly","family":"Kazadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille Solange","family":"Nganga Nkanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Bodi Mabiala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tite","family":"Mikobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Longo Mbenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pipo Michel","family":"Tshiasuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Lambert","family":"Gini Ehungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"7304_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61029-X","volume":"376","author":"DC Rees","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rees DC, Williams TN, Gladwin MT (2010) Sickle-cell disease. 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Confidentiality of results, equity, and the well-being of the children were ensured in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was submitted to and approved by the National Health Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Public Health, Hygiene and Prevention of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Approval reference: No. 385\/CNES\/BN\/PMMF\/2022, dated 19\/09\/2022).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors consent to the publication of this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}