{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:46:14Z","timestamp":1782992774945,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004702","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Genova","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatr Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-026-07434-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:18:57Z","timestamp":1782991137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SGLT2i, anti-endothelin A and double endothelin and angiotensin inhibitors: a new future for chronic kidney disease in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2368-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"La Porta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6877-9511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Decimo Silvio","family":"Chiarenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7822-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Verrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7539-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Leoncini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4219-7043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Viazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Pontremoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.12.004","volume":"69","author":"R Saran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saran R, Robinson B, Abbott KC et al (2017) US Renal Data System 2016 annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Am J Kidney Dis 69:A7\u2013A8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.12.004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7434_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1","volume":"27","author":"J Harambat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harambat J, Van Stralen KJ, Kim JJ, Tizard EJ (2012) Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in children. Pediatr Nephrol 27:363\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1158-5","volume":"18","author":"MG Seikaly","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seikaly MG, Ho PL, Emmett L et al (2003) Chronic renal insufficiency in children: the 2001 annual report of the NAPRTCS. Pediatr Nephrol 18:796\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-003-1158-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06630613","volume":"9","author":"DC Cerqueira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cerqueira DC, Soares CM, Silva VR et al (2014) A predictive model of progression of CKD to ESRD in a predialysis pediatric interdisciplinary program. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 9:728\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.06630613","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33110-5","volume":"13","author":"L De Chiara","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Chiara L, Conte C, Semeraro R et al (2022) Tubular cell polyploidy protects from lethal acute kidney injury but promotes consequent chronic kidney disease. Nat Commun 13:5805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-33110-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7434_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2686-2","volume":"29","author":"F Becherucci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Becherucci F, Lazzeri E, Lasagni L, Romagnani P (2014) Renal progenitors and childhood: from development to disorders. Pediatr Nephrol 29:711\u2013719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-013-2686-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04392-w","volume":"26","author":"Y-H Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng Y-H, Liu Q, Luo X-Q (2025) From acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease in children: maladaptive repair and the need for long-term surveillance - a literature review. BMC Nephrol 26:449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04392-w","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-023-05894-1","volume":"38","author":"MM Mitsnefes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitsnefes MM, W\u00fchl E (2023) Role of hypertension in progression of pediatric CKD. Pediatr Nephrol 38:3519\u20133528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-023-05894-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","volume":"377","author":"B Neal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW et al (2017) Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:644\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7434_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","volume":"373","author":"B Zinman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM et al (2015) Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 373:2117\u20132128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7434_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","volume":"383","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Stef\u00e1nsson BV, Correa-Rotter R et al (2020) Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 383:1436\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7434_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2409183","volume":"392","author":"The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group","year":"2025","unstructured":"The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group (2025) Long-Term Effects of Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med 392:777\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2409183","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7434_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","volume":"105","author":"PE Stevens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ et al (2024) KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 105:S117\u2013S314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7434_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F419","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00497.2018","volume":"317","author":"A Onishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Onishi A, Fu Y, Darshi M et al (2019) Effect of renal tubule-specific knockdown of the Na+ \/H+ exchanger NHE3 in Akita diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 317:F419\u2013F434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00497.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"7434_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6295345","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/6295345","volume":"2024","author":"BR Dos Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dos Santos BR, Conegundes AF, Haikal De Paula L et al (2024) Efficacy and Safety of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Pediatric Patients and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pediatr Diabetes 2024:6295345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/6295345","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"7434_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000051700.07403.27","volume":"14","author":"V Vallon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vallon V, Blantz RC, Thomson S (2003) Glomerular Hyperfiltration and the Salt Paradox in Early Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Tubulo-Centric View. J Am Soc Nephrol 14:530\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ASN.0000051700.07403.27","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-025-06838-7","volume":"41","author":"C Pucci","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pucci C, Marazza DS, Preka E et al (2026) SGLT2 inhibitors for kidney protection in children: expanding horizons beyond endocrinology. Pediatr Nephrol 41:1259\u20131273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-025-06838-7","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8","volume":"39","author":"N Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi N, Kim JH, Park PG et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in children with kidney disease: real-world data. Pediatr Nephrol 39:3551\u20133558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06481-8","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.019","volume":"7","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Cui J, Fang X et al (2022) Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Children With Inherited Proteinuric Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study. Kidney Int Rep 7:638\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.12.019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7434_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(2024) Abstracts of the 56th ESPN Annual Meeting, Valencia, Spain. Pediatr Nephrol 39(Suppl 1):1\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-024-06472-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-024-06472-9"},{"key":"7434_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1159\/000539300","volume":"55","author":"O Van Reeth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van Reeth O, Caliment A, De La Fuente GI, Niel O (2024) Safety Profile and Effectiveness of Dapagliflozin in Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol 55:463\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000539300","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109833","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109833","volume":"15","author":"W Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang W, Dou Y, Liu J et al (2025) Effects and safety of dapagliflozin in paediatric hereditary kidney disease: protocol for a multicentric, prospective, open and randomised crossover study (DAPA-PedHKD). BMJ Open 15:e109833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2025-109833","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"7434_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.09.014","volume":"9","author":"J Boeckhaus","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boeckhaus J, Gale DP, Simon J et al (2024) SGLT2-inhibition in patients with Alport syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 9:3490\u20133500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.09.014","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7434_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13629","volume":"35","author":"LMB Laffel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laffel LMB, Tamborlane WV, Yver A et al (2018) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the sodium\u2010glucose co\u2010transporter\u20102 inhibitor empagliflozin in young people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Diabet Med 35:1096\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13629","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"7434_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12626","volume":"19","author":"WV Tamborlane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tamborlane WV, Polidori D, Argenti D, Di Prospero NA (2018) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of canagliflozin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 19:649\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pedi.12626","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"7434_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2024.108144","volume":"141","author":"SC Gr\u00fcnert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnert SC, Derks TGJ, Mundy H et al (2024) Treatment recommendations for glycogen storage disease type IB- associated neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction with empagliflozin: consensus from an international workshop. Mol Genet Metab 141:108144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2024.108144","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"7434_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13611","volume":"21","author":"D Fitchett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fitchett D (2019) A safety update on sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:34\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.13611","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"e99123","key":"7434_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99123","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.99123","volume":"3","author":"JE Blau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blau JE, Bauman V, Conway EM et al (2018) Canagliflozin triggers the FGF23\/1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\/PTH axis in healthy volunteers in a randomized crossover study. JCI Insight 3:99123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.99123","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"7434_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae723","volume":"110","author":"N Shehadeh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shehadeh N, Galassetti P, Iqbal N et al (2025) Safety, Growth, and Development After Dapagliflozin or Saxagliptin in Children With Type 2 Diabetes (T2NOW Follow-Up). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 110:1587\u20131595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgae723","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"7434_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003666","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003666","volume":"11","author":"E Chow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chow E, Clement S, Garg R (2023) Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors. BMJ Open Diab Res Care 11:e003666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003666","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diab Res Care"},{"key":"7434_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae180","volume":"40","author":"O Gross","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gross O, Boeckhaus J, Weber LT et al (2025) Protocol and rationale for a randomized controlled SGLT2 inhibitor trial in paediatric and young adult populations with chronic kidney disease: DOUBLE PRO-TECT Alport. Nephrol Dial Transplant 40:679\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae180","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7434_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00968-x","volume":"12","author":"M Willis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willis M, Nilsson A, Kellerborg K et al (2021) Cost-effectiveness of canagliflozin added to standard of care for treating diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in England: estimates using the CREDEM-DKD model. Diabetes Ther 12:313\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-020-00968-x","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"key":"7434_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2025.2474887","volume":"28","author":"P Dilokthornsakul","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dilokthornsakul P, Susantitaphong P, Satirapoj B et al (2025) Cost-utility analysis of empagliflozin on chronic kidney disease progression in Thailand. J Med Econ 28:387\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696998.2025.2474887","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"7434_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112421","volume":"228","author":"H-H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang H-H, Chiu Y-W, Chung C-Y et al (2025) Clinical efficacy and cost effectiveness of SGLT2i in diabetic nephropathy: a large population-based study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 228:112421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2025.112421","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"7434_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000504623","volume":"6","author":"R Raina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raina R, Chauvin A, Chakraborty R et al (2020) The role of endothelin and endothelin antagonists in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Dis 6:22\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000504623","journal-title":"Kidney Dis"},{"key":"7434_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.143","volume":"86","author":"DE Kohan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kohan DE, Barton M (2014) Endothelin and endothelin antagonists in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 86:896\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2014.143","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7434_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.111.178988","volume":"338","author":"MA Saleh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saleh MA, Pollock JS, Pollock DM (2011) Distinct actions of endothelin A-selective versus combined endothelin A\/B receptor antagonists in early diabetic kidney disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 338:263\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.111.178988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"7434_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009060593","volume":"21","author":"JFE Mann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mann JFE, Green D, Jamerson K et al (2010) Avosentan for overt diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 21:527\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2009060593","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013080830","volume":"25","author":"D De Zeeuw","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Zeeuw D, Coll B, Andress D et al (2014) The endothelin antagonist atrasentan lowers residual albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 25:1083\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2013080830","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","volume":"393","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Parving H-H, Andress DL et al (2019) Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 393:1937\u20131947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30772-X","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"7434_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2409415","volume":"392","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Jardine M, Kohan DE et al (2025) Atrasentan in patients with IgA nephropathy. N Engl J Med 392:544\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2409415","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7434_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i37","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae214","volume":"40","author":"E Moedt","year":"2025","unstructured":"Moedt E, Wasehuus VS, Heerspink HJL (2025) Selective endothelin A receptor antagonism in chronic kidney disease: improving clinical application. Nephrol Dial Transplant 40:i37\u2013i46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae214","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7434_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4311","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16468","volume":"27","author":"V Wasehuus","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wasehuus V, Smeijer JD, Ambery P et al (2025) Effects of combined treatment with zibotentan and dapagliflozin compared to dapagliflozin alone in patients with diabetic and non\u2010diabetic chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 27:4311\u20134319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.16468","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"7434_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05446-1","volume":"183","author":"D Ivy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ivy D, Beghetti M, Juaneda-Simian E et al (2024) Long-term safety and tolerability of ambrisentan treatment for pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: an open-label extension study. Eur J Pediatr 183:2141\u20132153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-024-05446-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"7434_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.18.2.165","volume":"18","author":"T Emori","year":"1991","unstructured":"Emori T, Hirata Y, Ohta K et al (1991) Cellular mechanism of endothelin-1 release by angiotensin and vasopressin. Hypertension 18:165\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.18.2.165","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7434_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.361","volume":"42","author":"M Kohno","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kohno M, Horio T, Ikeda M et al (1992) Angiotensin II stimulates endothelin-1 secretion in cultured rat mesangial cells. Kidney Int 42:860\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1992.361","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"7434_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0891","volume":"4","author":"M Barton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barton M (2008) Reversal of proteinuric renal disease and the emerging role of endothelin. Nat Rev Nephrol 4:490\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpneph0891","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462656","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1462656","volume":"11","author":"H Xiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiang H, Huang H, Shao Y et al (2024) Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from eel (Anguilla japonica) bone collagen: preparation, identification, molecular docking, and protective function on HUVECs. Front Nutr 11:1462656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1462656","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"7434_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i59","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae258","volume":"40","author":"BL Neuen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Neuen BL, Yeung EK, Rangaswami J, Vaduganathan M (2025) Combination therapy as a new standard of care in diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 40:i59\u2013i69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae258","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"7434_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0306-5251.2001.01422.x","volume":"52","author":"RR Wenzel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wenzel RR, R\u00fcthemann J, Bruck H et al (2001) Endothelin-A receptor antagonist inhibits angiotensin II and noradrenaline in man. Brit J Clinical Pharma 52:151\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.0306-5251.2001.01422.x","journal-title":"Brit J Clinical Pharma"},{"key":"7434_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06257","volume":"66","author":"S Intapad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Intapad S, Ojeda NB, Varney E et al (2015) Sex-Specific Effect of Endothelin in the Blood Pressure Response to Acute Angiotensin II in Growth-Restricted Rats. Hypertension 66:1260\u20131266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06257","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7434_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00279-8","volume":"143","author":"D Ellis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ellis D, Vats A, Moritz ML et al (2003) Long-term antiproteinuric and renoprotective efficacy and safety of losartan in children with proteinuria. J Pediatr 143:89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00279-8","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"7434_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2010.00310.x","volume":"12","author":"MJ Bloch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bloch MJ, Basile JN (2010) Intensive blood pressure control in children slows progression of chronic kidney disease. J Clin Hypertens 12:524\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2010.00310.x","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"key":"7434_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.38.1.105","volume":"38","author":"A Riggleman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riggleman A, Harvey J, Baylis C (2001) Endothelin Mediates Some of the Renal Actions of Acutely Administered Angiotensin II. Hypertension 38:105\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.38.1.105","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"7434_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-015-3232-1","volume":"31","author":"L Correia-Costa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Correia-Costa L, Morato M, Sousa T et al (2016) Urinary fibrogenic cytokines ET-1 and TGF-\u03b21 are associated with urinary angiotensinogen levels in obese children. Pediatr Nephrol 31:455\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-015-3232-1","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.004","volume":"5","author":"MH Pearl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pearl MH, Chen L, ElChaki R et al (2020) Endothelin Type A Receptor Antibodies Are Associated With Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antibodies, Vascular Inflammation, and Decline in Renal Function in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation. Kidney Int Rep 5:1925\u20131936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.09.004","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7434_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20240249","volume":"138","author":"DE Kohan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kohan DE, Bedard PW, Jenkinson C et al (2024) Mechanism of protective actions of sparsentan in the kidney: lessons from studies in models of chronic kidney disease. Clin Sci 138:645\u2013662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/CS20240249","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"7434_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.02.019","volume":"2","author":"R Komers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Komers R, Gipson DS, Nelson P et al (2017) Efficacy and Safety of Sparsentan Compared With Irbesartan in Patients With Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Randomized, Controlled Trial Design (DUET). Kidney Int Rep 2:654\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.02.019","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"7434_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.20213210S1609c","volume":"32","author":"H Trachtman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Trachtman H, Saleem M, Coppo R et al (2021) Sparsentan for Treatment of Pediatric Patients with Selected Proteinuric Glomerular Diseases: Design of the Phase 2 EPPIK Study: PO1980. J Am Soc Nephrol 32:609\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.20213210S1609c","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308550","volume":"389","author":"MN Rheault","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rheault MN, Alpers CE, Barratt J et al (2023) Sparsentan versus Irbesartan in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. N Engl J Med 389:2436\u20132445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2308550","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"7434_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04788-w","volume":"36","author":"EY Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan EY, Ma AL, Tullus K (2021) When should we start and stop ACEi\/ARB in paediatric chronic kidney disease? Pediatr Nephrol 36:1751\u20131764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-020-04788-w","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000004228","volume":"106","author":"J-H Lim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lim J-H, Kwon S, Jeon Y et al (2022) The efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitor in diabetic kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 106:e404\u2013e412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000004228","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"7434_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.97193","author":"A Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan A, Ali MM, Hamer R (2025) Expanding the therapeutic landscape: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients. Cureus. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.97193","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7434_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000951","volume":"21","author":"VS Sridhar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sridhar VS, Kugathasan L, Lytvyn Y et al (2026) Efficacy, mechanisms, and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 21:664\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.0000000951","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"7434_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.07.2486","volume":"25","author":"MH Pearl","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pearl MH, Chen L, Grogan T et al (2025) Antibodies to angiotensin II type 1 receptor and endothelin type A receptor are associated with cytokine production enriched for type 2 immune response and antibody production in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 25:2329\u20132344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajt.2025.07.2486","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07434-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07434-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07434-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:18:58Z","timestamp":1782991138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07434-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["7434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-026-07434-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-041X","1432-198X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-041X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-198X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}