{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T16:32:32Z","timestamp":1785861152780,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":326,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Schmerz"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-013-1384-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,18]],"date-time":"2014-02-18T12:01:51Z","timestamp":1392724911000},"page":"43-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Perioperative systemische Schmerztherapie bei Kindern","Pediatric perioperative systemic pain therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Messerer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gr\u00f6gl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Stromer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Jaksch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1384_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2001.00697.x","volume":"11","author":"Conroy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Conroy S, Peden V (2001) Unlicensed and off label analgesic use in paediatric pain management. Paediatr Anaesth 11:431\u2013436","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200204060-00002","volume":"4","author":"Conroy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Conroy S (2002) Unlicensed and off-label drug use: issues and recommendations. Paediatr Drugs 4:353\u2013359","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR3","first-page":"11","volume":"50","author":"Howland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howland RH (2012) Off-label medication use. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 50:11\u201313","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"key":"1384_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182501b04","volume":"115","author":"Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith MC, Williamson J, Yaster M et al (2012) Off label use of medications in children undergoing sedation and anesthesia. Anesth Analg 115:1148\u20131154","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12065","volume":"49","author":"Ballard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ballard CD, Peterson GM, Thompson AJ, Beggs SA (2013) Off-label use of medicines in paediatric inpatients at an Australian teaching hospital. J Paediatr Child Health 49:38\u201342","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1384_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02287.x","volume":"100","author":"Olsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olsson J, Kimland E, Pettersson S, Odlind V (2011) Paediatric drug use with focus on off-label prescriptions in Swedish outpatient care - a nationwide study. Acta Paediatr 100:1272\u20131275","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1384_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-631","volume":"13","author":"Knopf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knopf H, Wolf IK, Sarganas G et al (2013) Off label medicine use in children and adolescents: results of a population-based study in Germany. BMC Public Health 13:631","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1384_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2008.01005.x","volume":"34","author":"Lindell-Osuagwu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lindell-Osuagwu L, Korhonen MJ, Saano S et al (2009) Off-label and unlicensed drug prescribing in three paediatric wards in Finland and review of the international literature. J Clin Pharm Ther 34(3):277\u2013287","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2004.11.003","volume":"10","author":"Conroy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Conroy S, McIntyre J (2005) The use of unlicensed and off-label medicines in the neonate. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 10:115\u2013122","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1384_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.5.5.703","volume":"5","author":"Cuzzolin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cuzzolin L, Atzei A, Fanos V (2006) Off-label and unlicensed prescribing for newborns and children in different settings: a review of the literature and a consideration about drug safety. Expert Opin Drug Saf 5:703\u2013718","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"1384_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-012-2123-0","volume":"62","author":"Erker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erker CG, M\u00f6llmann M (2013) Off-label use of drugs in pediatric emergencies: limitations and grey areas of drug approval. Anaesthesist 62:130\u2013136","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200225010-00001","volume":"25","author":"Choonara","year":"2002","unstructured":"Choonara J, Conroy S (2002) Unlicensed and off-label drug use in children: implications for safety. Drug Saf 25:1\u20135","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"1384_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200427130-00006","volume":"27","author":"Neubert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neubert A, Dormann H, Weiss J et al (2004) The impact on unlicensed and off-label drug use on adverse drug reactions in paediatric patients. Drug Saf 27:1059\u20131067","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"1384_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellis JR, Kirham JJ, Nunn AJ, Pirmohames M (2013) Adverse drug reaction and off-label and unlicensed medicines in children: a prospective cohort study of unplanned admissions to a paediatric hospital. Br J Clin Pharmacol (eupub ahed print)","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12222"},{"key":"1384_CR15","first-page":"99","volume":"48","author":"Rakow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rakow H, Finke W, Mutze K et al (2007) Handlungsempfehlung zur perioperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. Vom Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreis Kinderan\u00e4sthesie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr An\u00e4sthesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI). An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 48:99\u2013103","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s004820070021","volume":"14","author":"Sittl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sittl R, Grie\u00dfinger N, Koppert W, Likar R (2000) Postoperative Schmerztherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Schmerz 14:333\u2013339","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"1384_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2011.542751","volume":"12","author":"Mak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mak WY, Yuen V, Irwin M, Hui T (2011) Pharmacotherapy for acute pain in children: current practice and recent advances. Expert Opin Pharmacother 12:865\u2013881","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"1384_CR18","unstructured":"Deutsche Interdisziplin\u00e4re Vereinigung f\u00fcr Schmerz. S3- Leitlinie. Behandlung akuter perioperativer und posttraumatischer Schmerzen (AWMF- Regist Nr.041\/001) Stand: 21.5.2007; inkl. \u00c4nderungen vom 20.4.2009. http:\/\/www.awmf.org\/leitlinien"},{"key":"1384_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcnseler C, Roth B, Michel E et al (2009) Klinisch-pharmakologische Grundlagen der Schmerztherapie. Schmerztherapie bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, 4.\u00a0Aufl. Springer Medizin, Heidelberg, S\u00a075\u2013130","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74065-0_6"},{"key":"1384_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-009-1589-x","volume":"58","author":"Reichl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reichl S, Pogatzki-Zahn E (2009) Konzepte zur perioperativen Schmerztherapie. Anaesthesist 58:914\u2013930","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"22","author":"Association","year":"2012","unstructured":"Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (2012) Good practice in postoperative and procedural pain management; 2nd edition. Paediatr Anaesth 22(Suppl 1):1\u201379","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.11.012","volume":"121","author":"Miranda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miranda HF, Puig MM, Prieto JC, Pinardi G (2006) Synergism between paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in experimental acute pain. Pain 121:22\u201328","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2009.01143.x","volume":"35","author":"Toussaint","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toussaint K, Yang XC, Zielinski MA et al (2010) What do we (not) know about how paracetamol (acetaminophen) works? J Clin Pharm Ther 35:617\u2013638","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3458.2006.00250.x","volume":"12","author":"Bertolini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bertolini A, Ferrari A, Ottani A et al (2006) Paracetamol: new vistas of an old drug. CNS Drug Rev 12:250\u2013275","journal-title":"CNS Drug Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05674.x","volume":"64","author":"Oscier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oscier CD, Milner QJ (2009) Peri-operative use of paracetamol. Anaesthesia 64:65\u201372","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"1384_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.03.030","volume":"139","author":"Mallet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mallet C, Daulhac L, Bonnefont J et al (2008) Endocannabinoid and sertonergic systems are needed for acetaminophen-induced analgesia. Pain 139:190\u2013200","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2008.02764.x","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson BJ (2008) Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): mechanisms of action. Paediatr Anaesth 18:915\u2013921","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.12.015","volume":"531","author":"Ottoni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ottoni A, Leone S, Sandrini M et al (2006) The analgesic activity of paracetamol is prevented by the blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 531:280\u2013281","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00207-7","volume":"396","author":"Zygmunt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zygmunt PM, Chuang H, Movahed P et al (2000) The anandamide transport inhibitor AMA404 activates vanilloid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 396:39\u201342","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31405","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501489200","volume":"280","author":"H\u00f6gest\u00e4tt","year":"2005","unstructured":"H\u00f6gest\u00e4tt ED, J\u00f6nsson BA, Ermund A et al (2005) Conversion of acetaminophen to the bioactive N-acylphenolamine AM 404 via fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent arachidonic acid conjugation in the nervous system. J Biol Chem 280:31405\u201331412","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1384_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100403","volume":"84","author":"Pickering","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pickering G, Est\u00e8ve V, Loriot MA et al (2008) Acetaminophen reinforces descending inhibitory pain pathways. Clin Pharmacol Ther 84:47\u201351","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"PL37","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(96)00273-1","volume":"59","author":"Raffa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raffa RB, Codd EE (1996) Lack of binding of acetaminophen to 5-HT receptor uptake sites (or eleven other binding\/uptake assays). Life Sci 59:PL37\u2013PL40","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1384_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-006-6113-z","volume":"56","author":"Sandrini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sandrini M, Vitale G, Ruggieri V, Pini LA (2007) Effect of acute and repeated administration of paracetamol on opioidergic and serotonergic systems in rats. Inflamm Res 56:139\u2013142","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"key":"1384_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.12.307","volume":"79","author":"Pickering","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pickering G, Loriot MA, Libert F et al (2006) Analgesic effect of acetaminophen in humans: first evidence of a central serotonergic mechanism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79:371\u2013378","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357023367","volume":"56","author":"Bujalska","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bujalska M (2004) Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on antinociceptive action of different doses of acetaminophen. Pol J Pharmacol 56:605\u2013610","journal-title":"Pol J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s003930170003","volume":"60","author":"Riedel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riedel W, Neeck G (2001) Nociception, pain, and antinociception: current concepts. Z Rheumatol 60:404\u2013415","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"1384_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450104.x","volume":"45","author":"Arana","year":"2001","unstructured":"Arana A, Morton NS, Hansen TG (2001) Treatment with paracetamol in infants. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 45:20\u201329","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"1384_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200501000-00008","volume":"12","author":"Graham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graham GG, Scott KF (2005) Mechanism of action of paracetamol. Am J Ther 12:46\u201355","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2005.09.009","volume":"79","author":"Aronoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aronoff DM, Oates JA, Boutaud O (2006) New insights into the mechanism of action of acetaminophen: its clinical pharmacologic characteristics reflect its inhibition of the two prostaglandin H2 synthases. Clin Pharmacol Ther 79:9\u201319","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-8506com","volume":"22","author":"Hinz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hinz B, Cheremina O, Brune K (2008) Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man. FASEB J 22:383\u2013390","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1384_CR41","first-page":"113","volume":"57","author":"Botting","year":"2006","unstructured":"Botting RM (2006) Inhibitors of cyclooxygenases: mechanisms, selectivity and uses. J Physiol Pharmacol 57(Suppl 5):113\u2013124","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.595793","volume":"113","author":"Chan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan AT, Manson JE, Albert CM et al (2006) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Circulation 113:1578\u20131587","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1384_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00112-010-2254-9","volume":"158","author":"Heinrich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heinrich M, Hoffmann F, Zernikow B (2010) Therapie akuter Schmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 158:789\u2013806","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"1384_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00607148","volume":"20","author":"Bitz\u00e9n","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bitz\u00e9n PO, Gustafsson B, Jostell KG et al (1981) Excretion of paracetamol in human breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 20:123\u2013125","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04112.x","volume":"34","author":"Bannwarth","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bannwarth B, Netter P, Lapicque F et al (1992) Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of paracetamol after a single intravenous dose of propacetamol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 34:79\u201381","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2005.03.006","volume":"19","author":"Pettersson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pettersson PH, Jakobsson J, Owall A (2005) Intravenous acetaminophen reduced the use of opioids compared with oral administration after coronary bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 19:306\u2013309","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"1384_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei109","volume":"94","author":"Moller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moller PL, Sindet-Pedersen S, Petersen CT et al (2005) Onset of acetaminophen analgesia: comparison of oral and intravenous routes after third molar surgery. Br J Anaesth 94:642\u2013648","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2008.02680.x","volume":"19","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anderson BJ, Allegaert K (2009) Intravenous neonatal paracetamol dosing: the magic of 10 days. Paediatr Anaesth 19:289\u2013295","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430813.x","volume":"43","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hansen TG, O\u2019Brien K, Morton NS, Rasmussen SN (1999) Plasma paracetamol concentrations and pharmacokinetics following rectal administration in neonates and young infants. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 43:855\u2013859","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"1384_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F59","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.80.1.F59","volume":"80","author":"Van","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Lingen RA, Deinum JT, Quak JM et al (1999) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of rectally administered paracetamol in preterm neonates. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 80:F59\u2013F63","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"1384_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.02947.x","volume":"19","author":"Wilson-Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson-Smith EM, Morton NS (2009) Survey of i.v. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) use in neonates and infants under 1 year of age by UK anesthetists. Paediatr Anaesth 19:329\u2013337","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200103000-00005","volume":"94","author":"Birmingham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Birmingham PK, Tobin MJ, Fischer DM et al (2001) Initial and subsequent dosing of rectal acetaminophen in children: a 24-hour pharmacokinetic study of new dose recommendations. Anaesthesiology 94:385\u2013389","journal-title":"Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2010.204552","volume":"96","author":"Allegaert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allegaert K, Palmer GM, Anderson BJ (2011) The pharmacokinetics of intravenous paracetamol in neonates: size matters most. Arch Dis Child 96:575\u2013580","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1384_CR54","first-page":"330","volume":"53","author":"J\u00f6hr","year":"2012","unstructured":"J\u00f6hr M (2012) Pharmacotherapy in paediatric anaesthesia. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 53:330\u2013347","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aen208","volume":"101","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palmer GM, Atkins M, Anderson BJ et al (2008) I.V. acetaminophen pharmacokinetics in neonates after multiple doses. Br J Anaesth 101:523\u2013530","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02322.x","volume":"17","author":"Bartocci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bartocci M, Lundberg S (2007) Intravenous paracetamol: the \u201aStockholm protocol\u2018 for postoperative analgesia of term and preterm neonates. Paediatr Anaesth 17:1120\u20131121","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0756-x","volume":"60","author":"Allegaert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Allegaert K, Anderson BJ, Naulaers G et al (2004) Intravenous paracetamol (propacetamol) pharmacokinetics in term and preterm neonates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 60:191\u2013197","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR58","first-page":"33","volume":"53","author":"Philippi-H\u00f6hne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Philippi-H\u00f6hne C (2012) Perioperative pain management in children. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 53:33\u201344","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR59","first-page":"511","volume":"108","author":"Zernikow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zernikow B, Hechler T (2008) Pain therapy in children and adolescents. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl 108:511\u2013521","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl"},{"key":"1384_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12076","volume":"23","author":"Allegaert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Allegaert K, Naulaers G, Vanhaesebrouck S, Anderson BJ (2013) The paracetamol concentration-effect relation in neonates. Paediatr Anaesth 23:45\u201350","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3352","volume":"126","author":"Lavonas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lavonas EJ, Reynolds KM, Dart RC (2010) Therapeutic acetaminiphen is not assocciated with liver injury in children. Pediatrics 126:1430\u20131444","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1384_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70479-2","volume":"132","author":"Heubi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Heubi JH, Barbacci MB, Zimmermann HJ (1998) Therapeutic misadventure with acetaminophen: hepatoxicity after multiple doses in children. J Pediatr 132:22\u201327","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1384_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1998.00295.x","volume":"8","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anderson BJ (1998) What we don\u2019t know about paracetamol in children. Paediatr Anaesth 8:451\u2013460","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1999.00423.x","volume":"9","author":"Morton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morton NS, Arana A (1999) Paracetamol-induced fulminant hepatic failure in a child after 5 days of therapeutic doses. Paediatr Anaesth 9:463\u2013465","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR65","first-page":"44","volume":"22","author":"o","year":"2013","unstructured":"o A (2013) Injectable paracetamol in children: yet more cases of 10-fold overdose. Prescrire Int 22:44\u201345","journal-title":"Prescrire Int"},{"key":"1384_CR66","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/pdfs\/human\/phvwp\/17301110en.pdf"},{"key":"1384_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI110853","volume":"71","author":"Lauterburg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lauterburg BH, Corcoran GB, Mitchell JR (1983) Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in rats in vivo. J Clin Invest 71:980\u2013991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1384_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2026.2003.00507.x","volume":"15","author":"Reid","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reid D, Hazell W (2003) Paracetamol poisoning: which nomogram should we use? Emerg Med 15:486\u2013496","journal-title":"Emerg Med"},{"key":"1384_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2005.00947.x","volume":"35","author":"Ayonrinde","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ayonrinde OT, Phelps GJ, Hurley JC, Ayonrinde OA (2005) Paracetamol overdose and hepatotoxicity at a regional Australian hospital: a 4-year experience. Intern Med J 35:655\u2013660","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"1384_CR70","first-page":"CD003328","volume":"19","author":"Brok","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brok J, Buckley N, Gluud C (2006) Interventions for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 19:CD003328","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR71","first-page":"57","volume":"50","author":"Giest","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giest J, Strau\u00df J, J\u00f6hr M, Becke K (2009) Paracetamol f\u00fcr die perioperative Schmerztherapie im Kindesalter \u2013 Ende einer \u00c4ra? Stellungnahme des Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreises Kinderan\u00e4sthesie der DGAI. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 50:57\u201359","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M332","volume":"44","author":"Pierce","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pierce CA, Voss B (2010) Efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in children and adult: a meta- analysis and qualitative review. Ann Pharmacother 44:489\u2013506","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"1384_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.5.715","volume":"82","author":"Morton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morton NS, O\u2019Brien K (1999) Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol and diclofenac in children receiving PCA morphine. Br J Anaesth 82:715\u2013717","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0614-y","volume":"65","author":"Daniels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daniels S, Reader S, Berry P, Goulder M (2009) Onset of analgesia with sodium ibuprofen, ibuprofen acid incorporating poloxamer and acetaminophen - a single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with post-operative dental pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65:343\u2013353","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200512000-00025","volume":"103","author":"Elia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elia N, Lysakowski C, Tramer MR (2005) Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or selective cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitors and patient-controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Meta-analyses of randomized trials. Anesthesiology 103:1296\u20131304","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei085","volume":"94","author":"Remy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Remy C, Marret E, Bonnet F (2005) Effects of acetaminophen on morphine side-effects and consumption after major surgery: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth 94:505\u2013513","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14170","volume":"14","author":"McDaid","year":"2010","unstructured":"McDaid C, Maund E, Rice S et al (2010) Paracetamol and selective and non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the reduction of morphine-related side effects after major surgery: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 14:1\u2013153","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"1384_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200506000-00027","volume":"102","author":"Marret","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marret E, Kurdi O, Zufferey P, Bonnet F (2005) Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on patient-controlled analgesia morphine side effects: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anaesthesiology 102:1249\u20131260","journal-title":"Anaesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael371","volume":"98","author":"Marel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marel CD van der, Peters JW, Bouwmeester NJ et al (2007) Rectal acetaminophen does not reduce morphine consumption after major surgery in young infants. Br J Anaesth 98:372\u2013379","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1225","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318263165c","volume":"37","author":"Hiller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hiller A, Helenius I, Nurmi E et al (2012) Acetaminophen improves analgesia but does not reduce opioid requirement after spine surgery in children and adolescents. Spine 37:E1225\u2013E1231","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"1384_CR81","first-page":"CD007126","volume":"10","author":"Tzortzopoulou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tzortzopoulou A, McNicol ED, Cepeda MS et al (2011) Single dose intravenous propacetamol or intravenous paracetamol for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD007126","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep338","volume":"104","author":"Merry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merry AF, Gibbs RD, Edwards J et al (2010) Combined acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain relief after surgery in adults: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 104:80\u201388","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181cf9281","volume":"110","author":"Ong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ong CK, Seymour RA, Lirk P, Merry AF (2010) Combining paracetamol (acetaminophen) with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: a quantitative systematic review of analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain. Anesth Analg 110:1170\u20131179","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aco.0000245285.30282.70","volume":"19","author":"Remy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Remy C, Marret E, Bonnet F (2006) State of the art of paracetamol in acute pain therapy. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 19:562\u2013565","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1384_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.2.215","volume":"88","author":"R\u00f8msing","year":"2002","unstructured":"R\u00f8msing J, M\u00f8iniche S, Dahl JB (2002) Rectal and parenteral paracetamol, and paracetamol in combination with NSAIDs, for postoperative analgesia. Br J Anaesth 88:215\u2013226","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-011-1855-6","volume":"60","author":"Platzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Platzer M, Likar R, Stettner H et al (2011) Tonsillotomy and adenotonsillectomie in childhood. Study on postoperative pain therapy. Anaesthesist 60:625\u2013632","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2006.00806.x","volume":"17","author":"Gazal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gazal G, Mackie IC (2007) A comparison of paracetamol, ibuprofen or their combination for pain relief following extractions in children under general anaesthesia: a randomized trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 17:169\u2013177","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"1384_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-010-0806-5","volume":"66","author":"Maat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maat MM de, Tijssen TA, Br\u00fcggemann RJ, Ponssen HH (2010) Paracetamol for intravenous use in medium- and intensive care patients: pharmacokinetics and tolerance. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 66:713\u2013719","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.10.1205","volume":"28","author":"Hersch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hersch M, Raveh D, Izbicki G (2008) Effect of intravenous propacetamol on blood pressure in febrile critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy 28:1205\u20131210","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"1384_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-010-0860-z","volume":"66","author":"Allegaert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Allegaert K, Naulaers G (2010) Haemodynamics of intravenous paracetamol in neonates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 66:855-858","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.07.037","volume":"124","author":"Farquhar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farquhar H, Crane J, Mitchell EA et al (2009) The acetaminophen and asthma hypothesis 10 years on: a case to answer. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:649\u2013651","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1384_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03378.x","volume":"40","author":"Farquhar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Farquhar H, Stewart A, Mitchell E et al (2010) The role of paracetamol in the pathogenesis of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 40:32\u201341","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"1384_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61445-2","volume":"372","author":"Beasley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beasley R, Clayton T, Crane J et al (2008) Association between paracetamol use in infancy and childhood, and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in children aged 6\u20137 years: analysis from Phase Three of the ISAAC programme. Lancet 372:1039\u20131048","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1384_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200802-309OC","volume":"178","author":"Jackson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jackson DJ, Gangnon RE, Evans MD et al (2008) Wheezing rhinovirus illnesses in early life predict asthma development in high-risk children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178:667\u2013672","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1384_CR95","first-page":"46","volume":"19","author":"Kuehni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuehni C, Eng P (2008) Paracetamol und Asthma bei Kindern. Stellungnahme der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr P\u00e4diatrische Pneumologie (SGPP). Paediatrica 19:46","journal-title":"Paediatrica"},{"key":"1384_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00103602","volume":"19","author":"Oddy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oddy WH, Klerk NH de, Sly PD, Holt PG (2002) The effects of respiratory infections, atopy, and breastfeeding on childhood asthma. Eur Respir J 19:899\u2013905","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1384_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2004.01994.x","volume":"34","author":"Celed\u00f3n","year":"2004","unstructured":"Celed\u00f3n JC, Fuhlbrigge A, Rifas-Shiman S et al (2004) Antibiotic use in the first year of life and asthma in early childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 34:1011\u20131016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"1384_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)10321-5","volume":"354","author":"Stein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ et al (1999) Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet 354:541\u2013545","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1384_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.12.669","volume":"119","author":"Kusel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kusel MM, Klerk NH de, Kebadze T et al (2007) Early-life respiratory viral infections, atopic sensitization, and risk of subsequent development of persistent asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 119:1105\u20131110","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1384_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2005.03.005","volume":"37","author":"Dimova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dimova S, Hoet PH, Dinsdale D, Nemery B (2005) Acetaminophen decreases intracellular glutathione levels and modulates cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes in vitro. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:1727\u20131737","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"1384_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.2.604","volume":"127","author":"Eneli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eneli I, Sadri K, Camargo C Jr, Barr RG (2005) Acetaminophen and the risk of asthma: the epidemiologic and pathophysiologic evidence. Chest 127:604\u2013612","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1384_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2010.09.005","volume":"30","author":"Scialli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scialli AR, Ang R, Breitmeyer J, Royal MA (2010) Childhood asthma and use during pregnancy of acetaminophen. A critical review. Reprod Toxicol 30:508\u2013519","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"1384_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.03.008","volume":"110","author":"Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang SH, Jung YH, Kim HY et al (2013) Effect of paracetamol use on the modification of the development of asthma by reactive oxygen species genes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 110:364\u2013369","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"1384_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01942.x","volume":"100","author":"Bakkeheim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bakkeheim E, Mowinckel P, Carlson KH et al (2011) Paracetamol in early infancy: the risk of childhood allergy and asthma. Acta Paediatr 100:90\u201396","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1384_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02151.x","volume":"35","author":"Shaheen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shaheen SO, Newson RB, Henderson AJ et al (2005) Prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of asthma and elevated immunglobuline E in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy 35:18\u201325","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"1384_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03691.x","volume":"41","author":"Eyers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eyers S, Weatherall M, Jefferies S, Beasley R (2011) Paracetamol in pregnancy and the risk of wheezing in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy 41:482\u2013489","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"1384_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02403.x","volume":"100","author":"Goks\u00f6r","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goks\u00f6r E, Thengilsdottir H, Alm B et al (2011) Prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of wheeze at preschool age. Acta Paediatr 100:1567\u20131571","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1384_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000176304","volume":"149","author":"Garcia-Marcos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garcia-Marcos L, Sanchez-Solis M, Perez-Fernandez V et al (2009) Is the effect of prenatal paracetamol exposure on wheezing in preschool children modified by asthma in the mother? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 149:33\u201337","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"1384_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)60492-9","volume":"101","author":"Persky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Persky V, Piorkowski J, Hernandez E et al (2008) Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and respiratory symptoms in the first year of life. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 101:271\u2013278","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"1384_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-009-0024-3","volume":"9","author":"Allmers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allmers H, Skudlik C, John SM (2009) Acetaminophen use: a risk for asthma? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 9:164\u2013167","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"1384_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq263","volume":"40","author":"Rusconi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rusconi F, Gagliardi L, Galassi C et al (2011) Paracetamol and antibiotics in childhood and subsequent development of wheezing\/asthma: association or causation? Int J Epidemiol 40:662\u2013667","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1384_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-6627-3_53","volume":"788","author":"Muc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muc M, Padez C, Pinto AM (2013) Exposure to paracetamol and antibiotics in early life and elevated risk of asthma in childhood. Adv Exp med Biol 788:393\u2013400","journal-title":"Adv Exp med Biol"},{"key":"1384_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn070","volume":"37","author":"Rebordosa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rebordosa C, Kogevinas M, S\u00f8rensen HT, Olsen J (2008) Pre-natal exposure to paracetamol and risk of wheezing and asthma in children: a birth cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 37:583\u2013590","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1384_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03610.x","volume":"41","author":"Wickens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wickens K, Beasley R, Town I et al (2011) The effects of early and late paracetamol exposure on asthma and atopy: a birth cohort. Clin Exp Allergy 41:399\u2013406","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"1384_CR115","first-page":"115","volume":"12","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Varela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez-Varela MM, Garcia-Marcos L, Fern\u00e1ndez-Espinar JF et al (2013) Is acetaminophen use associated with atopic eczema and other allergic diseases in adolescents? Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 12:115\u2013123","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"1384_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c4616","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4616","volume":"341","author":"Lowe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lowe AJ, Carlin JB, Bennett CM et al (2010) Paracetamol use in early life and asthma: prospective birth cohort study. BMJ 341:c4616","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1384_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c225c0","volume":"114","author":"Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang EM, Lundsberg LS, Illuzzi JL, Bracken MB (2009) Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and asthma in children. Obstet Gynecol 114:1295\u20131330","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1384_CR118","unstructured":"EMA\/chmp\/phVWP\/132783\/2011: European Medicines Agency\/Pharmacovigilance Working Party (PhVWP); 24.Februar 2011; plenetary meeting. Monthly reported Issue number: 1102"},{"key":"1384_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198600324-00006","volume":"32","author":"Brogden","year":"1986","unstructured":"Brogden RN (1986) Pyrazolone derivatives. Drugs 32(Suppl 4):60\u201370","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199528030-00004","volume":"28","author":"Levy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Levy M, Zylber Katz E, Rosenkranz B (1995) Clinical pharmacokinetics of dipyrone and its metabolites. Clin Pharmacokinet 28:216\u2013234","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"1384_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120037425","volume":"42","author":"Bentur","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bentur Y, Cohen O (2004) Dipyrone overdose. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 42:261\u2013265","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"1384_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2009.171793","volume":"95","author":"Abu-Kishk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abu-Kishk I, Goldman M, Mordish Y et al (2010) Transient renal insufficiency following dipyrone overdose. Arch Dis Child 95:233\u2013234","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1384_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(98)90029-7","volume":"64","author":"Levy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Levy M, Brune K, Zylber-Katz E et al (1998) Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandins after systemic dipyrone intake. Clin Pharmacol Ther 64:117\u2013122","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050511","volume":"54","author":"Cohen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cohen O, Zylber-Katz E, Caraco Y et al (1998) Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma concentrations of dipyrone metabolites after a single oral dose of dipyrone. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54:549\u2013553","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90161-2","volume":"27","author":"Carlsson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carlsson KH, Helmreich J, Jurna I (1986) Activation of inhibition from the periaqueductal grey matter mediates central analgesic effects of metamizol. Pain 27:373\u2013390","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01986396","volume":"41","author":"Neugebauer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Neugebauer V, Schaible HG, He X et al (1994) Electrophysiological evidence for a spinal antinociceptive action of dipyrone. Agents Actions 41:62\u201370","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"1384_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00026-0","volume":"345","author":"Beirith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beirith A, Santos AR, Rodrigues AL et al (1998) Spinal and supraspinal antinociceptive action of dipyrone in formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. Study of the mechanism of action. Eur J Pharmacol 345:233\u2013245","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.11.028","volume":"20","author":"Rogosch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rogosch T, Sinning C, Podlewski A et al (2012) Novel bioactive metabolites of dipyrone (metamizol). Bioorg Med Chem 20:101\u2013107","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"key":"1384_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-8061com","volume":"21","author":"Hinz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hinz B, Cheremina O, Bachmakov J et al (2007) Dipyrone elicits substantial inhibition of peripheral cyclooxygenases in humans: new insights into the pharmacology of an old analgesic. FASEB J 21:2343\u20132345","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1384_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01534437","volume":"18","author":"Tatsuo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tatsuo MA, Carvalho WM, Silva CV et al (1994) Analgesic and antiinflammatory effects of dipyrone in rat adjuvant arthritis model. Inflammation 18:399\u2013405","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"1384_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707239","volume":"51","author":"Pierre","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pierre SC, Schmidt R, Brenneis C et al (2007) Inhibition of cyclooxygenases by dipyrone. Br J Pharmacol 51:494\u2013503","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01412-7","volume":"444","author":"Alves","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alves D, Duarte I (2002) Involvement of ATP-sensitive K (+) channels in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by dipyrone. Eur J Pharmacol 444:47\u201352","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8719(00)00046-0","volume":"42","author":"Aguirre-Ba\u00f1uelos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Aguirre-Ba\u00f1uelos P, Granados-Soto V (1999) Evidence for a peripheral mechanism of action for the potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by dipyrone. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 42:79\u201385","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods"},{"key":"1384_CR134","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.bfarm.de. Metamizol (Novalgin, Berlosin, Novaminsulfon, etc.): BfArM weist auf richtige Indikationsstellung und Beachtung von Vorsichtsma\u00dfnahmen und Warnhinweise hin)"},{"key":"1384_CR135","first-page":"1758","volume":"108","author":"Arzneimittelkommission","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arzneimittelkommission der Deutschen \u00c4rzteschaft (2011) Agranulozytose nach Metamizol- selten, aber h\u00e4ufiger als gedacht. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl 108:1758\u20131799","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl"},{"key":"1384_CR136","first-page":"656","volume":"53","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaufmann J, Laschat M, Wappler F (2012) Perioperative pain management for preterm babies, infants and toddlers. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 53:656\u2013669","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR137","first-page":"440","volume":"139","author":"Fendrich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fendrich Z (2000) Metamizol -a new effective analgesic with a long history. Overview of its pharmacology and clinical use. Cas Lek Cesk 139:440\u2013444","journal-title":"Cas Lek Cesk"},{"key":"1384_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1366-0071(02)00027-X","volume":"4","author":"Steffen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steffen P, Krinn E, M\u00f6ller A, Seeling W (2002) Metamizol and diclofenac profoundly reduce opioid consumption after minor trauma surgery. Acute Pain 4:71\u201375","journal-title":"Acute Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1366-0071(03)00025-1","volume":"5","author":"Spacek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Spacek A, Goraj E, Neiger FX et al (2003) Superior postoperative analgesic efficacy of a continuous infusion of tramadol and dipyrone (metamizol) versus tramadol alone. Acute Pain 5:3\u20139","journal-title":"Acute Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"043","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01699225","volume":"22","author":"Tempel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tempel G, Hundelshausen B von, Reeker W et al (1996) The opiate-sparing effect of dipyrone in post-operative pain therapy with morphine using a patient-controlled analgesic system. Intensive Care Med 22: 043\u20131047","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1384_CR141","first-page":"226","volume":"49","author":"Izhar","year":"1999","unstructured":"Izhar T (1999) Novalgin in pain and fever. J Pak Med Assoc 49:226\u2013227","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"1384_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-003-0455-5","volume":"52","author":"Janke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Janke C, Schmeck J, Passani D et al (2003) Anaphylactic cardiocirculatory failure after intraoperative application of dipyrone. An\u00e4sthesist 52:321\u2013325","journal-title":"An\u00e4sthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650627","volume":"76","author":"Geislinger","year":"1996","unstructured":"Geislinger G, Peskar BA, Pallapies D et al (1996) The effects on platelet aggregation and prostanoid biosynthesis of two parenteral analgesics: keterolac tromethamine and dipyrone. Thromb Haemost 76:592\u2013597","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"1384_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.03.025","volume":"76","author":"\u00d6zkiris","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00d6zkiris M, Kapusuz Z, Yildrim YS, Saydam L (2012) The effect of paracetamol, metamizole sodium and ibuprofen on postoperative hemorrhage following pediatric tonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76:1027\u20131029","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1384_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(07)80082-8","volume":"29","author":"Graff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Graff J, Arabmotlagh M, Cheung R et al (2007) Effects of parecoxib and dipyrone on platelet aggregation in patients undergoing meniscectomy: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 29:438\u2013447","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-31802005000500009","volume":"123","author":"Hamerschlag","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamerschlag N, Cavalcanti AB (2005) Neutropenia, agranulocytosis and dipyrone. Sao Paulo Med J 123:247\u2013249","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"key":"1384_CR147","unstructured":"Masche UP (1990) Medikamentenbedingte Agranulozytose. Pharma-kritik 12:49\u201351"},{"key":"1384_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2565(09)71310-4","volume":"209","author":"M\u00e9rida","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00e9rida RL, Faus FV, Poveda G\u00f3mez F, Garcia AJ (2009) Agranulocytosis from metamizole: a potential problem for the British population. Rev Clin Esp 209:176\u2013179","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"key":"1384_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.3.323","volume":"6","author":"Garbe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garbe E (2007) Non-chemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf 6:323\u2013335","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"1384_CR150","first-page":"343","volume":"66","author":"Chwaluk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chwaluk P, Siwek-Iwanicka J (2009) Drug-induced agranulocytosis-case reports and literature review. Przegl Lek 66:343\u2013347","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"1384_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00009","volume":"146","author":"Andersohn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andersohn F, Konzen C, Garbe E (2007) Systematic review: agranulocytosis induced by nonchemotherapy drugs. Ann Intern Med 146:657\u2013665","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1384_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.6.e98","volume":"109","author":"Bonkowsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonkowsky JL, Frazer JK, Buchi KF, Byington CL (2002) Metamizole use by Latino immigrants: a common and potentially harmful home remedy. Pediatrics 109:98","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1384_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380130077032","volume":"256","author":"o","year":"1986","unstructured":"o A (1986) Risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. A first report of their relation to drug use with special reference to analgesics. The International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study. JAMA 256:1749\u20131757","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1384_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-002-0465-2","volume":"58","author":"Hedenmalm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hedenmalm K, Spigset O (2002) Agranulocytosis and other blood dyscrasias associated with dipyrone (metamizole). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 58:265\u2013274","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000203000504","volume":"30","author":"May","year":"2002","unstructured":"May S, Lis Y (2002) The incidence of metamizole sodium-induced agranulocytosis in Poland. J Int Med Res 30:488\u2013495","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"1384_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0836-y","volume":"60","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez L, Vidal X, Ballarin E, Laporte JR (2005) Agranulocytosis associated with dipyrone (metamizol). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 60:821\u2013829","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.8.869","volume":"165","author":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez L, Vidal X, Ballarin E, Laporte JR (2005) Population-based drug-induced agranulocytosis. Arch Intern Med 165:869\u2013874","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1384_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.4.369","volume":"159","author":"Klauw","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klauw MM van der, Goudsmit R, Halie MR et al (1999) A population-based case-cohort study of drug-associated agranulocytosis. Arch Intern Med 159:369\u2013374","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1384_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11489-9","volume":"360","author":"Edwards","year":"2002","unstructured":"Edwards JE, McQuay HJ (2002) Dipyrone and agranulocytosis: what is the risk? Lancet 360:1438","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1384_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90073-7","volume":"40","author":"Kramer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kramer MS, Lane DA, Hutchinson TA (1987) Analgesic use, blood dyscrasias, and case-control pharmacoepidemiology. A critique of the international Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study. J Chronic Dis 40:1073\u20131085","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"1384_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12751-1","volume":"361","author":"Sch\u00f6nhofer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nhofer P, Offerhaus L, Herxheimer A (2003) Dipyrone and agranulocytosis: what is the risk? Lancet 361:968\u2013969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1384_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e3282f15fb9","volume":"15","author":"Andres","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andres E, Maloisel F (2008) Idisympatic drug-induced agranulocytosis or acute neutropenia. Curr Opin Hematol 15:15\u201321","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"1384_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1999.39050527.x","volume":"39","author":"Meyer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Meyer O, Gaedicke G, Salama A (1999) Demonstration of drug-dependent antibodies in two patients with neutropenia and successful treatment with granulocyte-colony-stimulation factor. Transfusion 39:527\u2013530","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"1384_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00915.x","volume":"250","author":"Palmblad","year":"2001","unstructured":"Palmblad J, Papadaki HA, Eliopoulos G (2001) Acute and chronic neutropenias. What is new? Intern Med 250:476\u2013491","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"1384_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.697","volume":"11","author":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m","year":"2002","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m M, H\u00e4gg S, Mj\u00f6rndal T, Dahlqvist R (2002) Utilization pattern of metamizole in northern Sweden and risk estimates of agranulocytosis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 11:239\u2013245","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"1384_CR166","unstructured":"Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH: Fachinformation \u201eNovalgin\u00ae\u201c. Stand: J\u00e4nner 2011"},{"key":"1384_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berliner N, Horwitz M, Loughran TP (2004) Congenital and aquired neutropenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 63\u201379","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2004.1.63"},{"key":"1384_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0b013e3282f15fb9","volume":"15","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andr\u00e8s E, Maloisel F (2008) Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis or acute neutropenia. Curr Opin Hematol 15:15\u201321","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"1384_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08104.x","volume":"150","author":"Andr\u00e8s","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andr\u00e8s E, Maloisel F, Zimmer J (2010) The role of haematopoietic growth factors granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the management of drug-induced agranulocytosis. Br J Haematol 150:3\u20138","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"1384_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2008.03.013","volume":"37","author":"Federici","year":"2008","unstructured":"Federici L, Weitten T, Alt M et al (2008) Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis. Presse Med 37:1327\u20131333","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"1384_CR171","first-page":"99","volume":"48","author":"Rakow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rakow H, Finke W, Mutze K et al (2007) Handlungsempfehlungen zur perioperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 48:99\u2013103","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR172","unstructured":"Entgegnung der \u00d6GARI zu \u201eMetamizol in Pharmainformation Jahrgang 24\/Nr.4, Dezember 2009"},{"key":"1384_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03126.x","volume":"65","author":"Kokki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kokki H, Kumpulainen E, Laisalmi M et al (2008) Diclofenac readily penetrates the cerebrospinal fluid in children. Br J Pharmacol 65:879\u2013884","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11693","volume":"90","author":"Mitchell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mitchell JA, Akarasereenont P, Thiemermann C et al (1993) Selectivity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as inhibitors of constitutive and inducible cyclooxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:11693\u201311697","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1384_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199203000-00008","volume":"76","author":"Watcha","year":"1992","unstructured":"Watcha MF, Jones MB, Lagueruela RG et al (1992) Comparison of keterolac and morphine as adjuvants during pediatric surgery. Anesthesiology 76:368\u2013372","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2006.12.002","volume":"21","author":"Schug","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schug SA, Manopas A (2007) Update on the role of non-opioids for postoperative pain treatment. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 21:15\u201330","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1384_CR177","first-page":"99","volume":"48","author":"Wissenschaftlicher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wissenschaftlicher Arbeitskreis Kinderan\u00e4sthesie der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr An\u00e4sthesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI) (2007) Handlungsempfehlung zur perioperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 48:99\u2013103","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR178","first-page":"33","volume":"53","author":"Philippi-","year":"2012","unstructured":"Philippi- H\u00f6hne C (2012) Perioperative pain management in children. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 53:33\u201344","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2005.05.012","volume":"117","author":"Hamunen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hamunen K, Kontinen V (2005) Systematic review on analgesics given for pain following tonsillectomy in children. Pain 117:40\u201350","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-008-0688-y","volume":"22","author":"Schoeffel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schoeffel D, Casser HR, Bach M et al (2008) Rik assessment in pain therapy. Schmerz 22:594\u2013603","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"1384_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02135.x","volume":"17","author":"Eustace","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eustace N, O\u2019Hare B (2007) Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in infants. A survey of members of the Association of Paediatric Anaesthesists of Great Britain and Ireland. Paediatr Anaesth 17:464\u2013469","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200305020-00004","volume":"5","author":"Kokki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kokki H (2003) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for postoperative pain: a focus on children. Paediatr Drugs 5:103\u2013123","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01819.x","volume":"16","author":"Antila","year":"2006","unstructured":"Antila H, Manner T, Kuurila K et al (2006) Ketoprofen and tramadol for analgesia during early recovery after tonsillectomy in children. Paediatr Anaesth 16:548\u2013553","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.11.001","volume":"11","author":"Rugyte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rugyte D, Kokki H (2007) Intravenous ketoprofen as an adjunct to patient-controlled analgesia morphine in adolescents with thoracic surgery: a placebo controlled double-blinded study. Eur J Pain 11:694\u2013699","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.12163","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong I, St John-Green C, Walker SM (2013) Opioid-sparing effects of perioperative paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children. Paediatr Anaesth 23:475\u2013495","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200512000-00025","volume":"103","author":"Elia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elia N, Lysakowski C, Tram\u00e8r MR (2005) Does multimodal analgesia with acetaminophen, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and patient-controlled analgesia morphine offer advantages over morphine alone? Anesthesiology 103:1296\u20131304","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1243379","volume":"45","author":"Schug","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schug SA (2010) Postoperative pain therapy. The use of COX-2 inhibitors. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 45:56\u201360","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"1384_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31823d0b45","volume":"114","author":"Michelet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michelet D, Andreu-Gallien J, Bensalah T et al (2012) A meta-analysis of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for pediatric postoperative pain. Anesth Analg 114:393\u2013406","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200103110-00004","volume":"3","author":"Litalien","year":"2001","unstructured":"Litalien C, Jacqz-Aigrain E (2001) Risks and benefits of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in children: a comparison with paracetamol. Paediatr Drugs 3:817\u2013858","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0650-4","volume":"28","author":"Jaksch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jaksch W, Dejaco C, Schirmer M (2008) 4 years after withdrawal of rofecoxib: where do we stand today? Rheumatol Int 28:1187\u20131195","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1384_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.4.e39","volume":"104","author":"Lesko","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lesko SM, Mitchell AA (1999) The safety of acetaminophen and ibuprofen among children younger than two years old. Pediatrics 104:e39","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1384_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2000.01280.x","volume":"55","author":"Short","year":"2000","unstructured":"Short JA, Barr CA, Palmer CD et al (2000) Use of diclofenac in children with asthma. Anaesthesia 55:334\u2013337","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"1384_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E20","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.e20","volume":"109","author":"Lesko","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lesko SM, Louik C, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA (2002) Asthma morbidity after the short-term use of ibuprofen in children. Pediatrics 109:E20","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1384_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.6.954","volume":"100","author":"Lesko","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lesko SM, Mitchell AA (1997) Renal function after short-term ibuprofen use in infants and children. Pediatrics 100:954\u2013957","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1384_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520360043037","volume":"273","author":"Lesko","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lesko SM, Mitchell AA (1995) An assessment of the safety of pediatric ibuprofen. A practitioner-based randomized clinical trial. JAMA 273:929\u2013933","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1384_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530290046036","volume":"275","author":"Strom","year":"1996","unstructured":"Strom BL, Berlin JA, Kinman JL et al (1996) Parenteral ketorolac and risk of gastrointestinal and operative site bleeding. A post-marketing surveillance study. JAMA 275:376\u2013382","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1384_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2007.11","volume":"134","author":"Jeyakumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jeyakumar A, Brickman TM, Williamson ME et al (2008) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and postoperative bleeding following adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 134:24\u201327","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"1384_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-008-1492-x","volume":"58","author":"Windfuhr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Windfuhr JP (2009) Use of diclofenac for tonsillectomy. Anaesthesist 58:93\u201394","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01138.x","volume":"14","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Anderson BJ (2004) Comparing the efficacy of NSAIDs and paracetamol in children. Paediatr Anaesth 14:201\u2013217","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1393-x","volume":"268","author":"Yaman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaman H, Belada A, Yilmaz S (2011) The effect of ibuprofen on postoperative haemorrhage following tonsillectomy in children. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 268:615\u2013617c","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1384_CR201","first-page":"CD003591","volume":"7","author":"Lewis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lewis SR, Nicholson A, Cardwell ME et al (2013) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perioperative bleeding in paediatric tonsillectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD003591","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270003256061","volume":"43","author":"Harder","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harder AT, An YH (2003) The mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on bone healing: a concise review. J Clin Pharmacol 43:807\u2013815","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altman RD, Latta LL, Keer R et al (1995) Effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on fracture healing: a laboratory study in rats. J Orthop Trauma 392\u2013400","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199505000-00006"},{"key":"1384_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0537-5","volume":"123","author":"Beck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beck A, Krischak G, Sorg T et al (2003) Influence of diclofenac (group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) on fracture healing. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 123:327\u2013332","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"1384_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2006.01667.x","volume":"260","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L (2006) Fracture risk associated with use morphine and opiotes. J Intern Med 260:76\u201387","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1384_CR206","first-page":"44","volume":"9","author":"Boursinos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boursinos LA, Karachalios T, Poultsides L, Malizos KN (2009) Do steroids, conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors adversely affect fracture healing? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 9:44\u201352","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"1384_CR207","first-page":"CD001548","volume":"2","author":"Collins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Collins SL, Moore RA, McQuay HJ et al (2002) Single dose oral ibuprofen and diclofenac for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD001548","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200709030-00008","volume":"9","author":"Schr\u00f6r","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6r K (2007) Aspirin and Reye syndrome: a review of the evidence. Paediatr Drugs 9:195\u2013204","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1990.tb10774.x","volume":"44","author":"Steans","year":"1990","unstructured":"Steans A, Manners PJ, Robinson IG (1990) A multicenter, long-term evaluation of the safety and efficacy of ibuprofen syrup in children with juvenile chronic arthritis. Br J Clin Pract 44:172\u2013175","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"1384_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.1.103","volume":"48","author":"Hamalainen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamalainen ML, Hoppu K, Valkeila E, Santavuori P (1997) Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for the treatment of migraine in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Neurology 48:103\u2013107","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1384_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0614-y","volume":"65","author":"Daniels","year":"2009","unstructured":"Daniels R, Reader S, Berry P, Goulder M (2009) Onset of analgesia with sodium ibuprofen, ibuprofen acid incorporating poloxamer and acetaminophen \u2013 a single-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with post-operative dental pain. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65:343\u2013353","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1185\/03007990903116255","volume":"25","author":"Southey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Southey ER, Soares-Weiser K, Kleijnen J (2009) Systemic review and meta-analysis of the clinical safety and tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol in paediatric pain and fever. Curr Med Res Opin 25:2207\u20132222","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"1384_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2008.52","volume":"28","author":"Sekar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sekar KC, Corff K (2008) Treatement of patent ductus arteriosus: indometacin or ibuprofen? J Perinatol 28(Suppl 1):60\u201362","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"1384_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.04.003","volume":"30","author":"Aranda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aranda JV, Thomas R (2006) Systematic review: intravenous ibuprofen in preterm newborns. Semin Perinatol 30:114\u2013120","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"1384_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17477-1","volume":"364","author":"Van","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Overmeire B, Allegaert K, Casaer A et al (2004) Prophylactic ibuprofen in premature infants: a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 364:1945\u20131949","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1384_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-1998-2","volume":"20","author":"Allegaert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allegaert K, Vanhole C, Hoon J de et al (2005) Nonselective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and glomerular filtration rate in preterm neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 20:1557\u20131561","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"1384_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F75","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2004.058347","volume":"90","author":"Naulaers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Naulaers G, Delanghe G, Allegaert K et al (2005) Ibuprofen and cerebral oxygenation and circulation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 90:F75\u2013F76","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"1384_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01232.x","volume":"14","author":"Marel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marel CD van der, Anderson BJ, R\u00f8msing J et al (2004) Diclofenac and metabolite pharmacokinetics in children. Paediatr Anaesth 14:443\u2013451","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03509.x","volume":"21","author":"Standing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Standing JF, Tibboel D, Korpela R, Olkkola KT (2011) Diclofenac pharmacokinetic meta-analysis and dose recommendations for surgical pain in children aged 1\u201312 years. Paediatr Anaesth 21:316\u2013324","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03447.x","volume":"68","author":"Standing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Standing JF, Ooi K, Keady S et al (2009) Prospective observational study of adverse drug reactions to diclofenac in children. Br J Clin Pharmacol 68:243\u2013251","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR221","first-page":"CD005538","volume":"4","author":"Standing","year":"2009","unstructured":"Standing JF, Savage I, Pritchard D, Waddington M (2009) Diclofenac for acute pain in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD005538","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR222","unstructured":"Europ\u00e4ische Arzneimittelagentur (EMA)\/Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sicherheit im Gesundheitswesen (2013) Diclofenac-Neue Kontraindikationen und Warnhinweise nach europaweiter \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung der kardiovaskul\u00e4ren Sicht"},{"key":"1384_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Finke W, Dubbel G, Sittl R (2009) Postoperative Schmerztherapie. Schmerztherapie bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen, 4.\u00a0Aufl. Springer Medizin, Heidelberg, S\u00a0259\u2013278","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74065-0_14"},{"key":"1384_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262474","volume":"45","author":"Becke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Becke K (2010) Gro\u00dfz\u00fcgiger Einsatz von Opioiden bei S\u00e4uglingen und Kleinkindern. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 45:470\u2013472","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"1384_CR225","first-page":"407","volume":"49","author":"G\u00e4bler","year":"2008","unstructured":"G\u00e4bler RP (2008) Analgesie bei Neugeborenen, S\u00e4uglingen und Kleinkindern. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 49:407\u2013418","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.18.2464","volume":"290","author":"Howard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Howard RF (2003) Current status of pain management in children. JAMA 290:2464\u20132469","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1384_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009800","volume":"14","author":"J\u00f6hr","year":"2000","unstructured":"J\u00f6hr M (2000) Postoperative Schmerztherapie bei Kindern. Schmerz 14:45\u201355","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"1384_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei065","volume":"95","author":"L\u00f6nnqvist","year":"2005","unstructured":"L\u00f6nnqvist PA, Morton NS (2005) Postoperative analgesia in infants and children. Br J Anaest 95:59\u201368","journal-title":"Br J Anaest"},{"key":"1384_CR229","unstructured":"Dubbel G, Reich B, Zernikow B (2008) Postoperative Schmerztherapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Postoperative Schmerztherapie. Thieme, Stuttgart, S\u00a0183\u2013206"},{"key":"1384_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200507010-00001","volume":"7","author":"Hain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hain RD, Miser A, Devins M, Wallace WH (2005) Strong opioids in pediatric palliative medicine. Paediatr Drugs 7:1\u20139","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/1089253206297480","volume":"11","author":"Hammer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hammer GB, Golianu B (2007) Opioid analgesia in neonates following cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 11:47\u201358","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"1384_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000268145.52345.55","volume":"105","author":"Brennan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brennan F, Carr DB, Cousins M (2007) Pain management: a fundamental human right. Anesth Analg 105:205\u2013221","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0033","volume":"3","author":"Klein-Kremer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein-Kremer A, Goldman RD (2007) Opioid administration for acute abdominal pain in the pediatric emergency department. J Opioid Manag 3:11\u201314","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"1384_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2008.02807.x","volume":"19","author":"Sharwood","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharwood LN, Babl FE (2009) The efficacy and effect of opioid analgesia in undifferentiated abdominal pain in children: a review of four studies. Paediatr Anaesth 19:445\u2013451","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.050914","volume":"25","author":"Amoli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amoli HA, Golozar A, Keshavarzi S et al (2008) Morphine analgesia in patients with acute appendicitis: a randomised double-blind clinical trial. Emerg Med J 25:586\u2013589","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"1384_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03365.x","volume":"3","author":"Pace","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pace S, Burke T (1996) Intravenous morphine for early pain relief in patients with acute abdominal pain. Acad Emerg Med 3:1086\u20131092","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"1384_CR237","first-page":"CD005660","volume":"19","author":"Manerola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manerola C, Vial M, Morage J, Astudillo P (2011) Analgesia in patients with acute abdominal pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 19:CD005660","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1277978","volume":"46","author":"Kammerbauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kammerbauer N, Becke K (2011) Akutschmerztherapie im Kindesalter. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 46:344\u2013352","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"1384_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8537(03)00057-9","volume":"20","author":"Kost-Byerly","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kost-Byerly S (2002) New concepts in acute and extended postoperative pain management in children. Anesthesiol Clin North America 20:115\u2013135","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North America"},{"key":"1384_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/83.1.118","volume":"83","author":"Morton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morton NS (1999) Prevention and control of pain in children. Br J Anaesth 83:118\u2013129","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.24-10-337","volume":"24","author":"Zempsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zempsky WT, Schechter NL (2003) What\u2019s new in the management of pain in children. Pediatr Rev 24:337\u2013348","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00112-005-1147-9","volume":"6","author":"Zernikow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zernikow B, Wemler C, Schliessl C (2005) Medikament\u00f6se Schmerztherapie in der Kinderpalliativmedizin. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 6:517\u2013530","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"1384_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atc.2005.07.002","volume":"23","author":"Brislin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brislin RP, Rose JB (2005) Pediatric acute pain management. Anesthesiol Clin North America 23:789\u2013814","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North America"},{"key":"1384_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh180","volume":"93","author":"Cashman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cashman JN, Dolin SJ (2004) Respiratory and haemodynamic effects of acute pain management: evidence from published data. Br J Anaesth 93:212\u2013223","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.1997.d01-30.x","volume":"7","author":"Kart","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kart T, Christrup LL, Rasmussen M (1997) Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and children based on a literature review. 1. Pharmacokinetics. Paediatr Anaesth 7:5\u201311","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-002-0281-1","volume":"51","author":"Latasch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Latasch L, Freye E (2002) Schmerz und Opioide bei Neugeborenen und S\u00e4uglingen. Anaesthesist 51:272\u2013284","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1987.tb05283.x","volume":"42","author":"Purcell-Jones","year":"1987","unstructured":"Purcell-Jones G, Dormon F, Sumner E (1987) The use of opioids in neonates: a retrospective study of 933 cases. Anaesthesia 42:1316\u20131320","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"1384_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(96)90033-0","volume":"31","author":"Vaughn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vaughn PR, Townsend SF, Thilo EH et al (1996) Comparison of continuous infusion of fentanyl to bolus dosing in neonates after surgery. J Pediatr Surg 31:1616\u20131623","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"1384_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198902000-00006","volume":"70","author":"Hertzka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hertzka RE, Gauntlett IS, Fisher DM, Spellman MJ (1989) Fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression: effects of age. Anesthesiology 70:213\u2013218","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012626","volume":"347","author":"Berde","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berde ChB, Sethna NF (2002) Analgesia for the treatment of pain in children. N Engl J Med 347:1094\u20131103","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1384_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F4","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.75.1.F4","volume":"75","author":"Katz-Salamon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Katz-Salamon M, Eriksson M, Jonsson B (1996) Development of peripheral chemoreceptor function in infants with chronic lung disease and initially lacking hyperoxic response. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonat Ed 75:F4\u2013F9","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonat Ed"},{"key":"1384_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1988.127","volume":"44","author":"Olkkola","year":"1988","unstructured":"Olkkola KT, Maunuksela EL, Korpela R, Rosenberg PH (1988) Kinetics and dynamics of postoperative intravenous morphine in children. Clin Pharmacol Ther 44:128\u2013136","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-008-1326-x","volume":"57","author":"Jage","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jage J, Laufenberg-Feldmann R, Heid F (2008) Drugs for postoperative analgesia: routine and new aspects. Part 1: non-opioids. Anaesthesist 57:382\u2013390","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-008-1327-9","volume":"57","author":"Jage","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jage J, Laufenberg-Feldmann R, Heid F (2008) Drugs for postoperative analgesia: routine and new aspects. Part 2: opioids, ketamine and gabapentinoids. Anaesthesist 57:491\u2013498","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-008-1408-9","volume":"57","author":"Z\u00f6llner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Z\u00f6llner C, Sch\u00e4fer M (2008) Opioide in der An\u00e4sthesie. Anaesthesist 57:729\u2013742","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR256","unstructured":"Rugyte D, Edberg KE (2002) Patient-controlled analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in children and adolescents. Medicina (Kaunas) 38:1078\u20131082"},{"key":"1384_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199311000-00030","volume":"77","author":"Kehlet","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kehlet H, Dahl JB (1993) The value of \u201emultimodal\u201c or \u201ebalanced analgesia\u201c in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth Analg 77:1048\u20131056","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2005.01.005","volume":"29","author":"Lehmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lehmann KA (2005) Recent developments in patient-controlled analgesia. J Pain Symptom Manage 29(5 Suppl):72\u201389","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1384_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-004-0318-2","volume":"19","author":"H\u00fcnseler","year":"2005","unstructured":"H\u00fcnseler C, Roth B, Pothmann R, Reinhold P (2005) Intramuscular injections in children. Schmerz 19:140\u2013143","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"1384_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200103000-00007","volume":"12","author":"Shin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shin D, Kim S, Kim CS, Kim HS (2001) Postoperative pain management using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pediatric patients. J Craniofac Surg 12:129\u2013133","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"1384_CR261","first-page":"374","volume":"78","author":"Franson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franson HE (2010) Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia in the pediatric population: a literature review. AANA J 78:374\u2013378","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"1384_CR262","first-page":"CD003348","volume":"18","author":"Hudcova","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hudcova J, McNicol E, Quah C et al (2006) Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus conventional opioid analgesia for postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 18(4):CD003348","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1384_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acpain.2005.09.002","volume":"7","author":"Hudcova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hudcova J, McNicol E, Quah C et al (2005) Patient controlles intravenous opioid analgesia versus conventional opioid analgesics for postoperative pain control: a quantitative systematic review. Acute Pain 7:115\u2013132","journal-title":"Acute Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2010.02.013","volume":"17","author":"Fournier-Charri\u00e8re","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fournier-Charri\u00e8re E, Tourniaire B (2010) Patinet controlled analgesia in children. Arch Pediatr 17:566\u2013577","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"1384_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200103040-00004","volume":"3","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","unstructured":"McDonald AJ, Cooper MG (2001) Patient-controlled analgesia: an appropriate method of pain control in children. Paediatr Drugs 3:273\u2013284","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01061.x","volume":"13","author":"Yildiz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yildiz K, Tercan E, Dogru K et al (2003) Comparison of patient controlled analgesia with and without a background infusion after appendicectomy in children. Paediatr Anaesth 13:427\u2013431","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181ca749c","volume":"110","author":"Nelson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nelson KL, Yaster M, Kost-Byerly S, Monitto CL (2010) A national survey of American Pediatric Anesthesiologists: patient-controlled analgesia and other intravenous opioids therapies in pediatric acute pain management. Anesth Analg 110:754\u2013760","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03242.x","volume":"20","author":"Howard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Howard RF, Lloyd-Thomas A, Thomas M et al (2010) Nurse-controlled analgesia (NCA) following major surgery in 10,000 patients in a children\u2019s hospital. Paediatr Anaesth 20:126\u2013134","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181fcb427","volume":"113","author":"Paul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paul JE, Bertram B, Antoni K et al (2010) Impact of a comprehensive safety initiative on patient controlled analgesia errors. Anesthesiology 113:1427\u20131432","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e3181773b69","volume":"24","author":"Czarecki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Czarecki ML, Ferrise AS, Jastrowski Mano KE et al (2008) Parent\/nurse-controlled analgesia for children with developmental delay. Clin J Pain 24:817\u2013824","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200009000-00014","volume":"91","author":"Monitto","year":"2000","unstructured":"Monitto CL, Greenberg RS, Kost-Byerly S et al (2000) The safety and efficacy of parent-\/nurse-controlled analgesia in patients less than six years of age. Anesth Analg 91:573\u2013579","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666180-00005","volume":"66","author":"Momeni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Momeni M, Crucitti M, DeKock M (2006) Patient-controlled analgesia in the management of postoperative pain. Drugs 66:2321\u20132337","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"1384_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02282.x","volume":"17","author":"Wrona","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wrona S, Chisolm DJ, Powers M, Miler V (2007) Improving processes of care in patient-controlled analgesia: the impact of computerized order sets and acute pain service patient management. Paediatr Anaesth 17:1083\u20131089","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03018432","volume":"51","author":"Guler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guler T, Unlugenc H, Gundogan Z et al (2004) A background infusion of morphine enhances patient-controlled analgesia after cardiac surgery. Can J Anaesth 51:718\u2013722","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2010.0004","volume":"6","author":"George","year":"2010","unstructured":"George JA, Lin EE, Hanna MN et al (2010) The effect of intravenous opioid patient controlled analgesia with and without background infusion on respiratory depression: a meta-analysis. J Opioid Manag 6:47\u201354","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"1384_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2012.03.016","volume":"66","author":"White","year":"2012","unstructured":"White I, Ghinea R, Avital S et al (2012) Morphine at \u201esub-analgesic\u201c background infusion rate plus low-dose PCA bolus control pain better and is as safe as twice a bolus-only PCA regimen: a randomized, double blind study. Pharmacol Res 66:185\u2013191","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"1384_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02213.x","volume":"17","author":"Duedahl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Duedahl TH, Hansen EH (2007) A qualitative systematic review of morphine treatment in children with postoperative pain. Paediatr Anaesth 17:756\u2013774","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318172fa9e","volume":"107","author":"Voepel-Lewis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Voepel-Lewis T, Marinkovic A, Kostrzewa A et al (2008) The prevalence of and risk factores for adverse events in children receiving patient-controlled analgesia by proxy or patient-controlled analgesia after surgery. Anesth Analg 107:70\u201375","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2009.03187.x","volume":"20","author":"Morton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morton NS, Errera A (2010) APA national audit of pediatric opioids infusion. Paediatr Anaesth 20:119\u2013125","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aes447","volume":"110","author":"Niesters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niesters M, Overdyk F, Smith T et al (2013) Opioid- induced respiratory depression in paediatrics: a review of case reports. Br J Anaesth 110:175\u2013182","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200932070-00002","volume":"32","author":"Schein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schein JR, Hicks RW, Nelson WW et al (2009) Patient controlled analgesia-related medication errors in the postoperative period: causes and prevention. Drug Saf 32:549\u2013559","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"1384_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200206000-00033","volume":"94","author":"Arcioni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arcioni R, Rocca M della, Romano S et al (2002) Odansetron inhibits the analgesic effects of tramadol: a possible 5-HT(3) spinal receptor involvement in acute pain in humans. Anesth Analg 94:1553\u20131557","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01738.x","volume":"15","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bozkurt P (2005) Use of tramadol in children. Paediatr Anaesth 15:1041\u20131047","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-200206000-00017","volume":"94","author":"Finkel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Finkel JC, Rose JB, Schmitz ML (2002) An evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of oral tramadol hydrochloride tablets for the treatment of postsurgical pain in children. Anesth Analg 94:1469\u20131473","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-002-0427-1","volume":"52","author":"Stamer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stamer UM, H\u00f6thker F, Lehnen K, St\u00fcber F (2003) Postoperative analgesia with tramadol and metamizol. Continual infusion versus patient controlled analgesia. Anaesthesist 52:33\u201341","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/s001200050136","volume":"36","author":"Grie\u00dfinger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grie\u00dfinger N, R\u00f6sch W, Schott G, Sittl R (1997) Tramadol infusion for pain therapy following bladder extrophy surgery in pediatric wards. Urologe A 36:552\u2013556","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"key":"1384_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00119-0","volume":"83","author":"Gear","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gear RW, Miaskowski C, Gordon NC et al (1999) The kappa opioid nalbuphine produces gender- and dose-dependent analgesia and antianalgesia in patients with postoperative pain. Pain 83:339\u2013345","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.1997.tb00488.x","volume":"7","author":"Kart","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kart T, Christrup LL, Rasmussen M (1997) Recommended use of morphine in neonates, infants and children based on a literature review: part 2-Clinical use. Paediatr Anaesth 7:93\u2013101","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer458","volume":"108","author":"Aubrun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aubrun F, Mazoit JX, Riou B (2012) Postoperative morphine titration. Br J Anaesth 108:193\u2013201","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0265-0215.2000.00796.x","volume":"18","author":"Auburn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Auburn F, Monsel S, Langeron O et al (2001) Postoperative titration of intravenous morphine. Eur J Anaesthesiol 18:159\u2013165","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1384_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2004.01337.x","volume":"14","author":"Lundberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lundberg S, L\u00f6nnqvist PA (2004) Update on systemic postoperative analgesia in children. Paediatr Anaesth 14:394\u2013397","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199310000-00007","volume":"77","author":"Lynn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lynn AM, Nespeca MK, Opheim KE, Slattery JT (1993) Respiratory effects of intravenous morphine infusions in neonates, infants and children after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 77:695\u2013701","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR293","first-page":"656","volume":"53","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaufmann J, Latasch M, Wappler F (2012) Perioperative pain management for preterm babies, infants and toddlers. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 53:656\u2013669","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80133-4","volume":"92","author":"Arant","year":"1978","unstructured":"Arant BS Jr (1978) Developmental patterns of renal functional maturation compared in the human neonate. J Pediatr 92:705\u2013712","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1384_CR295","unstructured":"Pecar A, Dirks B (1995) Mischbarkeit von Infusionsl\u00f6sungen und Arzneimittel. Kompatibilit\u00e4t und Inkompatibilit\u00e4t"},{"key":"1384_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050564","volume":"54","author":"Wiesner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wiesner G, Gruber M, Wild K et al (1999) Proteinbinding of piritramid: influence of various protein concentrations and postoperative acute phase response. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54:843\u2013845","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.070474","volume":"27","author":"Finn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Finn M, Harris D (2010) Intranasal fentanyl for analgesia in the paediatric emergency departement. Emerg Med J 27:300\u2013301","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"1384_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1586\/era.10.77","volume":"10","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Panagiotou I, Mystakidou K (2010) Intranasal fentanyl: from pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to current treatment applications. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 10:1009\u20131021","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR299","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.intranasal.net"},{"key":"1384_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000118109.12855.07","volume":"99","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Subramaniam K, Subramaniam B, Steinbrook RA (2004) Ketamine as adjuvant analgesic to opioids: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review. Anesth Analg 99:482\u2013495","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01407.x","volume":"15","author":"Evans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Evans D, Turnham L, Barbour K et al (2005) Intravenous ketamine sedation for painful oncology procedures. Paediatr Anaesth 15:131\u2013138","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00073-2","volume":"62","author":"Mao","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mao J, Price DD, Mayer DJ (1995) Mechanisms of hyperalgesia and morphine tolerance: a current view of their possible interactions. Pain 62:259\u2013274","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000108501.57073.38","volume":"98","author":"McCartney","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCartney CJ, Sinha A, Katz J (2004) A qualitative systematic review of the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in preventive analgesia. Anesth Analg 98:1385\u20131400","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-011-9560-0","volume":"58","author":"Laskowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laskowski K, Stirling A, McKay WP, Lim HJ (2011) A systemic review of intravenous ketamin for postoperative analgesia. Can J Anaesth 58:911\u2013923","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR305","first-page":"113","volume":"57","author":"Vandermeulen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vandermeulen E (2006) Systemic analgesia and co-analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 57:113\u2013120","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"1384_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.09.036","volume":"113","author":"Elia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elia N, Tram\u00e8r MR (2005) Ketamine and postoperative pain \u2013 a quantitative systematic review of randomised trials. Pain 113:61\u201370","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1384_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.86592","volume":"27","author":"Parikh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parikh B, Maliwad J, Shah VR (2011) Preventive analgesia: effect of small dose of ketamine on morphine requirement after renal surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 27:485\u2013488","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1384_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2005.00814.x","volume":"49","author":"Bell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bell RF, Dahl JB, Moore RA, Kalso E (2005) Peri-operative ketamine for acute post-operative pain: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review (Cochrane review). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 49:1405\u20131428","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"1384_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000048088.17761.B4","volume":"96","author":"Weinbroum","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weinbroum AA (2003) A single small dose of postoperative ketamine provides rapid and sustained improvement in morphine analgesia in the presence of morphine-resistant pain. Anesth Analg 96:789\u2013795","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200510000-00020","volume":"103","author":"Lavand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lavand\u2019homme P, De Kock M, Waterloos H (2005) Intraoperative epidural analgesia combined with ketamine provides effective preventive analgesia in patients undergoing major digestive surgery. Anesthesiology 103:813\u2013820","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2005.01476.x","volume":"15","author":"Becke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Becke K, Albrecht S, Schmitz B et al (2005) Intraoperative low-dose S-ketamine has no preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major urological surgery in children. Paediatr Anaesth 15:484\u2013490","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2011.03566.x","volume":"21","author":"Dahmani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dahmani S, Michelet D, Abback PS et al (2011) Ketamine for perioperative pain management in children: a meta-analysis of published studies. Paediatr Anaesth 21(6):636\u2013652","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2013.02.026","volume":"32","author":"Abback","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abback PS, Ben Sallah T, Skhiri A et al (2013) Opioid-sparing effect of ketamine during tonsillectomy in children. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 32:387\u2013391","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"1384_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP45155","volume":"45","author":"Batra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Batra YK, Shamsah M, AI-Khasti MJ et al (2007) Intraoperative small-dose ketamine does not reduce pain or analgesic consumption during opioid analgesia in children after tonsillectomy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 45:155\u2013160","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1384_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03358.x","volume":"20","author":"James","year":"2010","unstructured":"James PJ, Howard RF, Williams DG (2010) The addition of ketamine to a morphine nurse- or patient- controlled analgesia infusion (PCA\/NCA) increases analgesic efficacy in children with mucositis pain. Paediatr Anaesth 20:805\u2013811","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"1384_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-969041","volume":"42","author":"Pogatzki-Zahn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Zahn PK (2007) Postoperative Akutschmerztherapie. Neue M\u00f6glichkeiten der systemischen Analgesie. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 42:22\u201331","journal-title":"Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther"},{"key":"1384_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200603000-00025","volume":"104","author":"Angst","year":"2006","unstructured":"Angst MS, Clark JD (2006) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: a qualitative systematic review. Anesthesiology 104:570\u2013587","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200411000-00011","volume":"29","author":"Carroll","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carroll IR, Angst MS, Clark JD (2004) Management of perioperative pain in patients chronically consuming opioids. Reg Anesth Pain Med 29:576\u2013591","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"1384_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-008-1327-9","volume":"57","author":"Jage","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jage J, Laufenberg- Feldmann R, Heid F (2008) Medikamente zur postoperativen Schmerztherapie: Bew\u00e4hrtes und Neues. Anaesthesist 57:491\u2013498","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"1384_CR320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200205000-00040","volume":"94","author":"Laulin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Laulin JP, Maurette P, Corcuff JB et al (2002) The role of ketamine in preventing fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia and subsequent acute morphine tolerance. Anesth Analg 94:1263\u20131269","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1384_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200307000-00025","volume":"99","author":"Koppert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koppert W, Sittl R, Scheuber K et al (2003) Differential modulation of remifentanil- induced analgesia and postinfusion hyperalgesia by S-ketamine and clonidine in humans. Anesthesiology 99:152\u2013159","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1384_CR322","first-page":"603","volume":"51","author":"Philippi-H\u00f6hne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Philippi-H\u00f6hne C, Becke K, Wulff B et al (2010) Analgosedierung f\u00fcr diagnostische Ma\u00dfnahmen im Kindesalter. An\u00e4sth Intensivmed 51:603\u2013614","journal-title":"An\u00e4sth Intensivmed"},{"key":"1384_CR323","first-page":"576","volume":"6","author":"Ozkan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozkan A, Okur M, Kaya M et al (2013) Sedoanalgesia in pediatric daily surgery. Int J Clin Exp Med 6:576\u2013582","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"1384_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010490273082","volume":"21","author":"Meyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meyer S, Aliani S, Graf N, Gottschling S (2004) Inter- and intraindividual variability in ketamine dosage in repetitive invasive procedures in children with malignancies. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 21:161\u2013166","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"1384_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.06.016","volume":"49","author":"Borland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Borland M, Jacobs I, King B, O\u2019Brien D (2007) A randomized controlled trial comparing intranasal fentanyl to intravenous morphine for managing acute pain in children in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 49:335\u2013340","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"1384_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.08.018","volume":"48","author":"Norambuena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Norambuena C, Ya\u00f1ez J, Flores V et al (2013) Oral ketamine and midazolam for pediatric burn patients: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J Pediatr Surg 48:629\u2013634","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-014-1419-1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397088000000}}],"container-title":["Der Schmerz"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00482-013-1384-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00482-013-1384-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00482-013-1384-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T09:57:40Z","timestamp":1716544660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00482-013-1384-0"}},"subtitle":["\u00d6sterreichische interdisziplin\u00e4re Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement bei Kindern","Austrian interdisciplinary recommendations on pediatric perioperative pain management"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":326,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00482-013-1384-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0932-433X","1432-2129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0932-433X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}