{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:18:18Z","timestamp":1791944298349,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\/04351-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/04351-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01747-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T20:43:48Z","timestamp":1561754628000},"page":"1465-1474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of shade location and protection from direct solar radiation on the behavior of Holstein cows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Steffan Edward Oct\u00e1vio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7011-5407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00edntia Carol","family":"de Melo Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Chiquitelli Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filipe Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Dalla Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Sandro Campos","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1747_CR1","unstructured":"Baeta FC, Meador NF, Shanklin MD, Johnson HD (1987) Equivalent temperature index at temperatures above the thermoneutral for lactating dairy cows. American Society of Agricultural Engineers (USA)"},{"key":"1747_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4844","volume":"95","author":"A Berman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berman A, Horovitz T (2012) Radiant heat loss, an unexploited path for heat stress reduction in shaded cattle. J Dairy Sci 95:3021\u20133031. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2011-4844","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2004.12.006","volume":"90","author":"TM Brown-Brandl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown-Brandl TM, Eigenberg RA, Nienaber JA, Hahn GL (2005) Dynamic response indicators of heat stress in shaded and non-shaded feedlot cattle, part 1: analyses of indicators. Biosyst Eng 90:451\u2013462. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2004.12.006","journal-title":"Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"1747_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2016.07.007","volume":"60","author":"LZ Camerro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camerro LZ, Maia ASC, Neto MC, Costa CCM, Castro PA (2016) Thermal equilibrium responses in Guzerat cattle raised under tropical conditions. J Therm Biol 60:213\u2013221. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2016.07.007","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"1747_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.04.009","volume":"139","author":"PAD Coimbra","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coimbra PAD, Machado Filho LCP, H\u00f6tzel MJ (2012) Effects of social dominance, water trough location and shade availability on drinking behaviour of cows on pasture. Appl Anim Behav Sci 139:175\u2013182. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.04.009","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35981999000600031","volume":"28","author":"RG da Silva","year":"1999","unstructured":"da Silva RG (1999) Estimativa do balan\u00e7o t\u00e9rmico por radia\u00e7\u00e3o em vacas Holandesas expostas ao sol e \u00e0 sombra em ambiente tropical. R Bras Zootec 28:1403\u20131411. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1516-35981999000600031","journal-title":"R Bras Zootec"},{"key":"1747_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982000000400039","volume":"29","author":"RG da Silva","year":"2000","unstructured":"da Silva RG (2000) Um modelo para a determina\u00e7\u00e3o do equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico de bovinos em ambientes tropicais. R Bras Zootec 29:1244\u20131252. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1516-35982000000400039","journal-title":"R Bras Zootec"},{"key":"1747_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5733-2","volume-title":"Principles of animal biometeorology","author":"RG Da Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Da Silva RG, Maia ASC (2013) Principles of animal biometeorology. Springer, New York"},{"key":"1747_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-009-0244-1","volume":"54","author":"RG Da Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Da Silva RG, Guilhermino MM, de Morais DAEF (2010) Thermal radiation absorbed by dairy cows in pasture. Int J Biometeorol 54:5\u201311. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-009-0244-1","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1747_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0868-7","volume":"59","author":"RG Da Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Da Silva RG, Maia ASC, de Macedo Costa LL (2015) Index of thermal stress for cows (ITSC) under high solar radiation in tropical environments. Int J Biometeorol 59:551\u2013559. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-014-0868-7","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1747_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-013-0642-2","volume":"58","author":"CC de Melo Costa","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Melo Costa CC, Maia ASC, Neto JDF, Oliveira SEO, de Queiroz JPAF (2014) Latent heat loss and sweat gland histology of male goats in an equatorial semi-arid environment. Int J Biometeorol 58:179\u2013184. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-013-0642-2","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1747_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.02.024","volume":"154","author":"HGT Domingos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Domingos HGT, Maia ASC, Souza JB et al (2013) Effect of shade and water sprinkling on physiological responses and milk yields of Holstein cows in a semi-arid region. Livest Sci 154:169\u2013174. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.02.024","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1071\/EA97039","volume":"38","author":"JB Gaughan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gaughan JB, Goodwin PJ, Schoorl TA, Young BA, Imbeah M, Mader TL, Hall A (1998) Shade preferences of lactating Holstein - Friesian cows. Aust J Exp Agric 38:17. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/EA97039","journal-title":"Aust J Exp Agric"},{"key":"1747_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0305","volume":"86","author":"JB Gaughan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gaughan JB, Mader TL, Holt SM, Lisle A (2008) A new heat load index for feedlot cattle1. J Anim Sci 86:226\u2013234. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2007-0305","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4056","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-2987","volume":"88","author":"JB Gaughan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaughan JB, Bonner S, Loxton I, Mader TL, Lisle A, Lawrence R (2010) Effect of shade on body temperature and performance of feedlot steers1. J Anim Sci 88:4056\u20134067. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2010-2987","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR16","first-page":"333","volume":"127","author":"PJ Hansen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hansen PJ (1990) Effects of coat colour on physiological responses to solar radiation in Holsteins. Vet Rec 127:333\u2013334","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"1747_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1542-6","volume":"50","author":"R Kamal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamal R, Dutt T, Patel M, Dey A, Bharti PK, Chandran PC (2018) Heat stress and effect of shade materials on hormonal and behavior response of dairy cattle: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 50:701\u2013706. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-018-1542-6","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"1747_CR18","unstructured":"Littell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD, Schabenberger O (2006) SAS\u00ae for mixed models. 2ed. Cary, NC"},{"key":"1747_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-004-0244-0","volume":"49","author":"ASC Maia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maia ASC, Gomes DaSilva R, Battiston Loureiro CM (2005) Respiratory heat loss of Holstein cows in a tropical environment. Int J Biometeorol 49:332\u2013336. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-004-0244-0","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1747_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-014-0916-3","volume":"59","author":"ASC Maia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maia ASC, da Silva RG, Nascimento ST, Nascimento CCN, Pedroza HP, Domingos HGT (2015) Thermoregulatory responses of goats in hot environments. Int J Biometeorol 59:1025\u20131033. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-014-0916-3","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1747_CR21","unstructured":"Manly BFJ (1986) Multivariate statistical methods: a primer. Chapman and Hall, London \u2013 New York, 159 S"},{"key":"1747_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511810893","volume-title":"Measuring behaviour: an introductory guide","author":"P Martin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martin P, Bateson P (2007) Measuring behaviour: an introductory guide. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"1747_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0657-7","volume":"46","author":"SEO Oliveira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oliveira SEO, Costa CC de M, de Souza JBF et al (2014) Short-wave solar radiation level willingly tolerated by lactating Holstein cows in an equatorial semi-arid environment. Trop Anim Health Prod 46:1413\u20131417. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-014-0657-7","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"1747_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.07.005","volume":"116","author":"KE Sch\u00fctz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctz KE, Rogers AR, Cox NR, Tucker CB (2009) Dairy cows prefer shade that offers greater protection against solar radiation in summer: shade use, behaviour, and body temperature. Appl Anim Behav Sci 116:28\u201334. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.07.005","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2416","volume":"93","author":"KE Sch\u00fctz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctz KE, Rogers AR, Poulouin YA, Cox NR, Tucker CB (2010) The amount of shade influences the behavior and physiology of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 93:125\u2013133. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2009-2416","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR26","unstructured":"Silva RG (2000) Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Bioclimatologia Animal. S\u00e3o Paulo: Nobel\/FAPESP"},{"key":"1747_CR27","unstructured":"STATSOFT, INC. (2007) Statistica (data analysis software system), version 7"},{"key":"1747_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.03.015","volume":"109","author":"CB Tucker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tucker CB, Rogers AR, Sch\u00fctz KE (2008) Effect of solar radiation on dairy cattle behaviour, use of shade and body temperature in a pasture-based system. Appl Anim Behav Sci 109:141\u2013154. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applanim.2007.03.015","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"1747_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050055","volume":"41","author":"SE Valtorta","year":"1997","unstructured":"Valtorta SE, Leva PE, Gallardo MR (1997) Evaluation of different shades to improve dairy cattle well-being in Argentina. Int J Biometeorol 41:65\u201367. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004840050055","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01747-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01747-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01747-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,27]],"date-time":"2020-06-27T02:32:45Z","timestamp":1593225165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01747-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01747-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 June 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}