{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:05:43Z","timestamp":1791695143696,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02111-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T14:02:45Z","timestamp":1615039365000},"page":"1391-1398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Paraffin bath therapy in De Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis: a single-blind randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7854-0133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130lknur Aykurt","family":"Karl\u0131bel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4688-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meliha Kasapo\u011flu","family":"Aksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Alkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944718813734","volume":"14","author":"J Abi-Rafeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abi-Rafeh J, Kazan R, Thibaudeau S (2019) Comments on \u201cnonsurgical treatment of De Quervain tenosynovitis: a prospective randomized trial\u201d. Hand (N Y) 14(5):701\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1558944718813734","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2111_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-160591","volume":"30","author":"WA Awan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Awan WA, Babur MN, Masood T (2017) Effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound with or without thumb spica splint in the management of De Quervain\u2019s disease. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation 30(4):691\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BMR-160591","journal-title":"Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2111_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)60963-7","volume":"86","author":"J Ayling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ayling J, Marks R (2000) Efficacy of paraffin wax baths for rheumatoid arthritic hands. Physiotherapy. 86(4):190\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)60963-7","journal-title":"Physiotherapy."},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.129","volume":"6","author":"R Batteson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Batteson R, Hammond A, Burke F, Sinha S (2008) The de Quervain\u2019s screening tool: validity and reliability of a measure to support clinical diagnosis and management. Musculoskeletal care 6(3):168\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.129","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02060","volume":"87","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beaton DE, Wright JG, Katz JN, Upper Extremity Collaborative Group (2005) Development of the QuickDASH: comparison of three item-reduction approaches. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 87(5):1038\u20131046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.D.02060","journal-title":"American volume"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-004-0487-4","volume":"25","author":"T Bender","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bender T, Karag\u00fclle Z, B\u00e1lint GP, Gutenbrunner C, B\u00e1lint PV, Sukenik S (2005) Hydrotherapy, balneotherapy, and spa treatment in pain management. Rheumatology international 25(3):220\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-004-0487-4","journal-title":"Rheumatology international"},{"issue":"10","key":"2111_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/60.10.1273","volume":"60","author":"RM Borrell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Borrell RM, Parker R, Henley EJ, Masley D, Repinecz M (1980) Comparison of in vivo temperatures produced by hydrotherapy, paraffin wax treatment, and Fluidotherapy. Physical therapy 60(10):1273\u20131276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/60.10.1273","journal-title":"Physical therapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/s0266-7681(98)80085-5","volume":"23","author":"MT Clarke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Clarke MT, Lyall HA, Grant JW, Matthewson MH (1998) The histopathology of de Quervain\u2019s disease. Journal of hand surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland) 23(6):732\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0266-7681(98)80085-5","journal-title":"Journal of hand surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.11.024","volume":"94","author":"B Dilek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dilek B, G\u00f6z\u00fcm M, \u015eahin E, Baydar M, Erg\u00f6r G, El O, Bircan \u00c7, G\u00fclbahar S (2013) Efficacy of paraffin bath therapy in hand osteoarthritis: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 94(4):642\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.11.024","journal-title":"Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"2111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2000.0332","volume":"8","author":"RL Dreiser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dreiser RL, Maheu E, Guillou GB (2000) Sensitivity to change of the functional index for hand osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 8(Suppl A):S25\u2013S28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/joca.2000.0332","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2011.12.001","volume":"25","author":"JM Fedorczyk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fedorczyk JM (2012) Tendinopathies of the elbow, wrist, and hand: histopathology and clinical considerations. Journal of hand therapy: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists 25(2):191\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2011.12.001","journal-title":"Journal of hand therapy: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists"},{"issue":"6","key":"2111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.08.006","volume":"50","author":"PE Ferrara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrara PE, Codazza S, Cerulli S, Maccauro G, Ferriero G, Ronconi G (2020) Physical modalities for the conservative treatment of wrist and hand\u2019s tenosynovitis: a systematic review. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism 50(6):1280\u20131290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.08.006","journal-title":"Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism"},{"issue":"11","key":"2111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2020.31672","volume":"161","author":"L F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri-Nagy","year":"2020","unstructured":"F\u00f6ldv\u00e1ri-Nagy L, Tak\u00e1cs J, Hetth\u00e9ssy JR, Mayer \u00c1A, Szak\u00e1cs N, Sz\u00e1vin-P\u00f3sa \u00c1, Lenti K (2020) A De Quervain-f\u00e9le tendinopathia kezel\u00e9se konzervat\u00edv m\u00f3dszerekkel [Treatment of De Quervain\u2019s tendinopathy with conservative methods]. Orvosi hetilap 161(11):419\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/650.2020.31672","journal-title":"Orvosi hetilap"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1007\/s10165-011-0579-4","volume":"22","author":"F Gandini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gandini F, Giannitti C, Fattore G, Giordano N, Galeazzi M, Fioravanti A (2012) Validation of an Italian version of the functional index for hand osteoarthritis (FIHOA). Modern rheumatology 22(5):758\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10165-011-0579-4","journal-title":"Modern rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-014-9649-3","volume":"10","author":"R Goel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goel R, Abzug JM (2015) de Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis: a review of the rehabilitative options. Hand (New York, N.Y.) 10(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11552-014-9649-3","journal-title":"Hand (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2013.10.003","volume":"7","author":"M Hadianfard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hadianfard M, Ashraf A, Fakheri M, Nasiri A (2014) Efficacy of acupuncture versus local methylprednisolone acetate injection in De Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies 7(3):115\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jams.2013.10.003","journal-title":"Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/s0363-5023(09)91110-8","volume":"15","author":"FJ Harvey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harvey FJ, Harvey PM, Horsley MW (1990) De Quervain\u2019s disease: surgical or nonsurgical treatment. The Journal of hand surgery 15(1):83\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0363-5023(09)91110-8","journal-title":"The Journal of hand surgery"},{"issue":"04","key":"2111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S021895771350019X","volume":"16","author":"K Homayouni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Homayouni K, Zeynali L, Mianehsaz E (2013) Comparison between Kinesio taping and physiotherapy in the treatment of de Quervain\u2019s disease. Journal of Musculoskelet Research 16(04):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S021895771350019X","journal-title":"Journal of Musculoskelet Research"},{"key":"2111_CR19","volume-title":"AAOS atlas of orthoses and assistive devices","author":"JD Hsu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hsu JD, Michael J, Fisk J (2008) AAOS atlas of orthoses and assistive devices, 4th edn. Mosby, Elsevier, Philadelphia","edition":"4"},{"issue":"8","key":"2111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.07.014","volume":"99","author":"BM Huisstede","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huisstede BM, Gladdines S, Randsdorp MS, Koes BW (2018) Effectiveness of conservative, surgical, and postsurgical interventions for trigger finger, Dupuytren disease, and De Quervain Disease: a systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 99(8):1635\u20131649.e21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.07.014","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.12.030","volume":"34","author":"AM Ilyas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ilyas AM (2009) Nonsurgical treatment for de Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis. The Journal of hand surgery 34(5):928\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.12.030","journal-title":"The Journal of hand surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2018.1535","volume":"64","author":"M Kasapo\u011flu Aksoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kasapo\u011flu Aksoy M, Altan L (2017) Short-term efficacy of paraffin therapy and home-based exercise programs in the treatment of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis. Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation 64(2):108\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/tftrd.2018.1535","journal-title":"Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2111_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-5674.2018.00013.8","volume":"12","author":"A Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar A, Mittal P (2018) Invasive vs Non-Invasive treatment in stenosing tenosynovitis. Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy 12(1):70\u201375","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy"},{"key":"2111_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-05602-1.00041-6","volume-title":"Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity","author":"MP Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee MP, Zelouf DS (2011) Management of hand and wrist tendinopathies. In: Skirven TM, Al O, DFedorczyk JM, Amadio PC (eds) Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity, 6th edn. Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 569\u2013591","edition":"6"},{"key":"2111_CR25","first-page":"931","volume-title":"Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity","author":"MP Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee MP, Nasser-Sahrif S, Zelouf DS (2002) Surgeon\u2019s and therapist\u2019s management of tendinopathies in the hand and wrist. In: Mackin EJ, Callahan AD, Skirven TM, Schneider LH, Osterman AL (eds) Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity. St. Louis, Mosby Comp, pp 931\u2013951"},{"issue":"3699","key":"2111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","volume":"150","author":"R Melzack","year":"1965","unstructured":"Melzack R, Wall PD (1965) Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science (N Y) 150(3699):971\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","journal-title":"Science (N Y)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835520300029","volume":"25","author":"SD Morgan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morgan SD, Sivakumar BS, An VG, Sevao J, Graham DJ (2020) A review of De Quervain\u2019s stenosing tenovaginitis in the context of smartphone use. The journal of hand surgery Asian-Pacific volume 25(2):133\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S2424835520300029","journal-title":"The journal of hand surgery Asian-Pacific volume"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2016.1139635","volume":"12","author":"Z Nemati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nemati Z, Javanshir MA, Saeedi H, Farmani F, Aghajani Fesharaki S (2017) The effect of new dynamic splint in pinch strength in De Quervain syndrome: a comparative study. Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology 12(5):457\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17483107.2016.1139635","journal-title":"Assistive technology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-017-1422-1","volume":"61","author":"B Ordahan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ordahan B, Karahan AY (2017) Efficacy of paraffin wax bath for carpal tunnel syndrome: a randomized comparative study. International journal of biometeorology 61(12):2175\u20132181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-017-1422-1","journal-title":"International journal of biometeorology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2111_CR30","first-page":"112","volume":"56","author":"JA Papa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papa JA (2012) Conservative management of De Quervain\u2019s stenosing tenosynovitis: a case report. The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association 56(2):112\u2013120","journal-title":"The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association"},{"key":"2111_CR31","first-page":"331","volume-title":"Ergonomics and the management of musculoskeletal disorders","author":"MJ Sanders","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sanders MJ (2004) Ergonomics and the management of musculoskeletal disorders, 2nd edn. Elsevier, St. Louis, p 331","edition":"2"},{"issue":"16","key":"2111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280410001702405","volume":"26","author":"G Sandqvist","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sandqvist G, Akesson A, Eklund M (2004) Evaluation of paraffin bath treatment in patients with systemic sclerosis. Disability and rehabilitation 26(16):981\u2013987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638280410001702405","journal-title":"Disability and rehabilitation"},{"issue":"12","key":"2111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)60716-X","volume":"88","author":"R Sharma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sharma R, Thukral A, Kumar S, Bhargava SK (2002) Effect of low-level lasers in de Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis. Prospective study with ultrasonographic assessment. Physiotherapy 88(12):730\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)60716-X","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.164050","volume":"49","author":"R Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma R, Aggarwal AN, Bhatt S, Kumar S, Bhargava SK (2015) Outcome of low-level lasers versus ultrasonic therapy in de Quervain\u2019s tenosynovitis. Indian J Orthop 49(5):542\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.164050","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2005.04.002","volume":"18","author":"O Shechtman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shechtman O, Gestewitz L, Kimble C (2005) Reliability and validity of the DynEx dynamometer. Journal of hand therapy: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists 18(3):339\u2013347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1197\/j.jht.2005.04.002","journal-title":"Journal of hand therapy: official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists"},{"issue":"3","key":"2111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","volume":"34","author":"J Ware Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD (1996) A 12-item short-form health survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical care 34(3):220\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003","journal-title":"Medical care"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02111-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02111-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02111-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T12:09:43Z","timestamp":1628251783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02111-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02111-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}