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Understanding the effect of cow factors (reproductive status, parity, and lactation stage) on the physiological and behavioural response to hot weather conditions is essential for the accurate detection and practical application of heat mitigation strategies. To study this, collars with commercial accelerometer-based sensors were fitted on 48 lactation dairy cows to record behaviour and heavy breathing from late spring to late summer. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated from measurements of 8 barn sensors. We found that, above a THI of 84, cows in advanced pregnancy (&gt;90 days) spent more time breathing heavily and less time eating and in low activity than other cows, while cows in early pregnancy (\u226490 days) spent less time breathing heavily, more time eating and in low activity. Cows with 3+ lactations showed less time breathing heavily and in high activity and more time ruminating and in low activity than cows with fewer lactations. Although lactation stage interacted significantly with THI on time spent breathing heavily, ruminating, eating, and in low activity, there was no clear indication at which lactation stage cows were more sensitive to heat. These findings show that cow factors affect the cow\u2019s physiological and behavioural response to heat, which could be used to provide group-specific heat abatement strategies, thereby improving heat stress management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02496-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1685350925000},"page":"1263-1272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of cow reproductive status, parity and lactation stage on behaviour and heavy breathing indications of a commercial accelerometer during hot weather conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1299-0748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisette M.C.","family":"Leliveld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0187-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Lovarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7886-0057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Finzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0718-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Provolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2496_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-007-0098-3","volume":"52","author":"F Abeni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abeni F, Calamari L, Stefanini L (2007) Metabolic conditions of lactating Friesian cows during the hot season in the Po valley. 1. 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