{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T05:41:12Z","timestamp":1790055672136,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02527-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T22:01:48Z","timestamp":1689890508000},"page":"1651-1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Thermal performance of a low-profile cross-ventilated freestall dairy barn with evaporative cooling pads in a hot and humid climate"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Paulo Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson Mateus Freitas","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2723-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joop","family":"Lensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4416-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iran Jos\u00e9 Oliveira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507","volume":"22","author":"CA Alvares","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alvares CA, Stape JL, Sentelhas PC, Gon\u00e7alves JLM, Sparovek G (2013) Koppen\u2019s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorol Z 22:711\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1127\/0941-2948\/2013\/0507","journal-title":"Meteorol Z"},{"key":"2527_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-35982005000600025","volume":"34","author":"M Azevedo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azevedo M, Pires MDF\u00c1, Saturnino HMEGDL, Lana \u00c2MQEGDL, Sampaio IBMEGDL, Monteiro JBNEGDL, Morato LEU (2005) Estimativa de n\u00edveis cr\u00edticos superiores do \u00edndice de temperatura e umidade para vacas leiteiras 1\/2, 3\/4 e 7\/8 Holand\u00eas-Zebu em lacta\u00e7\u00e3o. R Bras Zootec 34:2000\u20132008","journal-title":"R Bras Zootec"},{"key":"2527_CR3","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Ambi\u00eancia em edifica\u00e7\u00f5es rurais\u2013conforto animal","author":"FC Ba\u00eata","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ba\u00eata FC, Souza CF (1997) Ambi\u00eancia em edifica\u00e7\u00f5es rurais\u2013conforto animal. UFV, Vi\u00e7osa, p 246"},{"issue":"8","key":"2527_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6751","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-17929","volume":"103","author":"CA Becker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker CA, Collier RJ, Stone AE (2020) Invited review: physiological and behavioral effects of heat stress in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 103(8):6751\u20136770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3168\/jds.2019-17929","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2527_CR5","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Proc. of the Western Dairy Management Conference","author":"MJ Brouk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brouk MJ, Smith JF, Harner JP (2001) Heat stress abatement in four-row freestall barns. In: Proc. of the Western Dairy Management Conference, pp 161\u2013166"},{"key":"2527_CR6","first-page":"141","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th Western Dairy Management Conference","author":"MJ Brouk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brouk MJ, Smith JF, Harner JP (2003) Effectiveness of cow cooling strategies under different environmental conditions. In: Proceedings of the 6th Western Dairy Management Conference, vol 2003, pp 141\u2013154"},{"key":"2527_CR7","first-page":"156","volume-title":"SIMP\u00d3SIO BRASILEIRO DE AMBI\u00caMCIA NA PRODU\u00c7\u00c3O DE LEITE","author":"RA Bucklin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bucklin RA, Bray DR (1998) The american experience in dairy management in warm and hot climates. In: SIMP\u00d3SIO BRASILEIRO DE AMBI\u00caMCIA NA PRODU\u00c7\u00c3O DE LEITE. Anais... Piracicaba: FEALQ, Piracicaba, pp 156\u2013174"},{"key":"2527_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castro J\u00fanior SL de, Silva IJO da (2021) The specific enthalpy of air as an indicator of heat stress in livestock animals. Int J Biometeorol 65:149\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-020-02022-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-02022-8"},{"key":"2527_CR9","unstructured":"CIIAGRO (2013) Centro Integrado de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Agrometeorol\u00f3gicas. Dispon\u00edvel em: http:\/\/www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br\/"},{"key":"2527_CR10","volume-title":"Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o a Engenharia Agr\u00edcola","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cortez LAB, Magalh\u00e3es PSG (eds) (1992) Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o a Engenharia Agr\u00edcola. Unicamp, Campinas"},{"key":"2527_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guesine GD, Silveira RMF, da Silva IJO (2023) Thermoregulatory, behavioral, and productive responses and physical integrity of primiparous and multiparous cows on compost barn in Brazilian tropical conditions. Int J Biometeorol:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02474-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02474-8"},{"key":"2527_CR12","first-page":"791","volume-title":"Effects of various temperature-humidity combinations on milk production of Holstein cattle","author":"HD Johnson","year":"1962","unstructured":"Johnson HD, Ragsdale AC, Berry IL, Shanklin MD (1962) Effects of various temperature-humidity combinations on milk production of Holstein cattle. University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin, p 791"},{"issue":"9","key":"2527_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(76)84413-X","volume":"59","author":"HD Johnson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Johnson HD, Vanjonack WJ (1976) Effects of environmental and other stressors on blood hormone patterns in lactating animals. J Dairy Sci 59(9):1603\u20131617","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2527_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.41280","volume":"28","author":"KM Lobeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lobeck KM, Endres MI, Janni KA, Godden SM, Fetrow J (2012) Environmental characteristics and bacterial counts in bedding and milk bulk tank of low profile crossventilated, naturally ventilated, and compost bedded pack dairy barns. Appl Eng Agric 28(1):117\u2013128","journal-title":"Appl Eng Agric"},{"key":"2527_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5469","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4363","volume":"94","author":"KM Lobeck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lobeck KM, Endres MI, Shane EM, Godden SM, Fetrow J (2011) Animal welfare in cross-ventilated, compost-bedded pack, and naturally ventilated dairy barns in the upper Midwest. J Dairy Sci 94:5469\u20135479","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2527_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.05.001","volume":"140","author":"E Morignat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morignat E, Gay E, Vinard J-L, Calavas D, H\u00e9naux V (2015) Quantifying the influence of ambient temperature on dairy and beef cattle mortality in France from a time-series analysis. Environ Res 140:524\u2013534","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2527_CR17","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2015","unstructured":"R Development Core Team (2015) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna"},{"key":"2527_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0344-y","volume":"55","author":"VC Rodrigues","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rodrigues VC, Silva IJO, Vieira FMC, Nascimento ST (2011) A correct enthalpy relationship as thermal comfort index for livestock. Int J Biometeorol 55:455\u2013459","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"2527_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(92)77849-7","volume":"75","author":"DP Ryan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ryan DP, Boland MP, Kopel E, Armstrong D, MunyakazI L, Godke RA, Ingraham RH (1992) Evaluating two different evaporative cooling management systems for dairy cows in a hot, dry climate. J Dairy Sci 75:1052\u20131059","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2527_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5393","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3730","volume":"94","author":"TF Shiao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shiao TF, Chen JC, Yang DW, Lee SN, Lee CF, Cheng WTK (2011) Feasibility assessment of a tunnel-ventilated, water-padded barn on alleviation of heat stress for lactating Holstein cows in a humid area. J Dairy Sci 94:5393\u20135404","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2527_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9624","volume":"99","author":"JF Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith JF, Bradford BJ, Harner JP, Potts JC, Allen JD, Overton MW, Ortiz XA, Collier RJ (2016) 2016. Short communication: effect of cross ventilation with or without evaporative pads on core body temperature and resting time of lactating cows. J Dairy Sci 99(2):1495\u20131500","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2527_CR22","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Opportunities with low profile cross ventilated freestall facilities","author":"JF Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith JF, Harner JP, Bradford BJ, OVerton, M.W. (2008) Opportunities with low profile cross ventilated freestall facilities. Dairy research. College of Veterinary Medicine. Universirty of Georgia, Athens, pp 31\u201340"},{"key":"2527_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3904","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72433-X","volume":"89","author":"TR Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith TR, Chapa A, Willard S, Herndon C Jr, Williams RJ, Crouch J, Riley T, Pogue D (2006a) Evaporative tunnel cooling of dairy cows in the southeast. I: Effect on body temperature and respiration rate. J Dairy Sci 89:3904\u20133914","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2527_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stowell RR, Gooch CA, Inglis S (2001) Performance of tunnel ventilation for freestall dairy facilities as compared to natural ventilation with supplemental cooling fans. Proc. 6th Int. Symp., Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., Louisville, KY, pp 29\u201340","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.7057"},{"key":"2527_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vasconcelos AA, Albuquerque CC, Carvalho JF et al (2020a) Adaptive profile of dairy cows in a tropical region. Int J Biometerol:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01797-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01797-9"},{"key":"2527_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vasconcelos AM de, de Carvalho JF, de Albuquerque CC, Fa\u00e7anha DA, Vega WH, Silveira RM, Ferreira J (2020b) Development of an animal adaptability index: application for dairy cows. J Therm Biol 89:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2020.102543"},{"key":"2527_CR27","unstructured":"Watt JR, Brown WK (1997) Evaporative air conditioning handbook, 3rd edn, Lilburn"},{"key":"2527_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73803-X","volume":"86","author":"JW West","year":"2003","unstructured":"West JW (2003) Effects of heat-stress on production in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 86:2131\u20132144","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02527-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02527-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02527-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T07:04:15Z","timestamp":1692947055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02527-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02527-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 July 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}