{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:47:07Z","timestamp":1787615227731,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Second Century Fund"},{"name":"Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand and the Praman Chansue Foundation"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University"},{"name":"Thai Health Foundation"},{"name":"Thai Heart Association"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004396","name":"Thailand Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Research Council"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02554-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T02:01:27Z","timestamp":1695348087000},"page":"1965-1974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations between residential greenness and air pollution and the incident metabolic syndrome in a Thai worker cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Kanawat","family":"Paoin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanathip","family":"Pharino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prin","family":"Vathesatogkit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthit","family":"Phosri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhaimee","family":"Buya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xerxes Tesoro","family":"Seposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thammasin","family":"Ingviya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krittika","family":"Saranburut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisakron","family":"Thongmung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teerapat","family":"Yingchoncharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piyamitr","family":"Sritara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2554_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539511424482","volume":"23","author":"W Aekplakorn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aekplakorn W, Chongsuvivatwong V, Tatsanavivat P, Suriyawongpaisal P (2011) Prevalence of metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation and National Cholesterol Education Program criteria among Thai adults. Asia Pac J Public Health 23(5):792\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539511424482","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"2554_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","volume":"120","author":"KGMM Alberti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA, Smith SC et al (2009) Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 120:1640\u20131645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R55","DOI":"10.1530\/ec-14-0031","volume":"3","author":"N Bergmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bergmann N, Gyntelberg F, Faber J (2014) The appraisal of chronic stress and the development of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Endocr Connect 3(2):R55\u2013R80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/ec-14-0031","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"2554_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breton CV, Yao J, Millstein J, Gao L, Siegmund KD, Mack W, Whitfield\u2011Maxwel L, Lurmann F, Hodis H, Avol E, Gilliland FD (2016) Prenatal Air Pollution Exposures, DNA Methyl transferase genotypes, and associations with newborn LINE1 and Alu methylation and childhood blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in the children\u2019s health study. Environ Health Perspect 124(12):1905\u20131912. http:\/\/ehp.niehs.nih.gov\/ehp181\/","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP181"},{"key":"2554_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31815dba70","volume":"50","author":"RD Brook","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brook RD, Jerrett M, Brook JR, Bard RL, Finkelstein MM (2008) The relationship between diabetes mellitus and traffic-related air pollution. J Occup Environ Med 50:32\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JOM.0b013e31815dba70","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2554_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","volume":"121","author":"RD Brook","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Iii CAP, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-roux AV, Kaufman JD et al (2010) Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:2331\u20132378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2554_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox DR (1972) Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological) 34(2):187\u2013220. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2985181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x"},{"key":"2554_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.11.042","volume":"161","author":"A Dabass","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dabass A, Talbott EO, Rager JR, Marsh GM, Venkat A, Holguin F, Sharma RK (2018) Systemic inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular disease and acute and chronic exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) among US NHANES adults with metabolic syndrome. Environ Res 161:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.11.042","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2554_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104609","volume":"120","author":"P Dadvand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dadvand P, de Nazelle A, Triguero-Mas M, Schembari A, Cirach M, Amoly E, Nieuwenhuijsen M (2012) Surrounding greenness and exposure to air pollution during pregnancy: an analysis of personal monitoring data. Environ Health Perspect 120(9):1286\u20131290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1104609","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2554_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"den Braver NR, Lakerveld J, Rutters F, Schoonmade LJ, Brug J, Beulens JWJ (2018) Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine 16(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-017-0997-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0997-z"},{"key":"2554_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148373","volume":"791","author":"T Denpetkul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Denpetkul T, Phosri A (2021) Daily ambient temperature and mortality in Thailand: estimated effects, attributable risks, and effect modifications by greenness. Sci Total Environ 791:148373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.148373","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2554_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (2001) executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 285(19). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.106.25.3143"},{"issue":"6","key":"2554_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130337","volume":"10","author":"IC Eze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eze IC, Schaffner E, Foraster M, Imboden M, Von Eckardstein A, Gerbase MW, Probst-Hensch N et al (2015) Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and metabolic syndrome in adults. PLoS ONE 10(6):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0130337","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2554_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245131","volume":"16","author":"S Fan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fan S, Xue Z, Yuan J, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yang B, Dong G, Zhang Z (2019) Associations of residential greenness with diabetes mellitus in Chinese Uyghur adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:5131","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2554_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105903","volume":"142","author":"S Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan S, Yang B, Xue Z, Huang W, Zhou Z, Yuan J, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Tang X, Dong G, Yang Z, Zhang Z (2020) Associations between residential greenness and blood lipids in Chinese Uyghur adults. Environ Int 142:105903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105903","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00403180","volume":"34","author":"E Ferrannini","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ferrannini E, Haffner SM, Mitchell BD, Stern MP (1991) Hyperinsulinaemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 34:416\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00403180","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2554_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2015.01.003","volume":"40","author":"BA Franklin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franklin BA, Brook R, Pope CA (2015) Air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 40:207\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2015.01.003","journal-title":"Curr Probl Cardiol"},{"key":"2554_CR18","unstructured":"Geneva: World Health Organization (2010) Global recommendations on physical activity for health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR19","first-page":"124","volume":"158","author":"G Geniaux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Geniaux G, Martinetti D, Gabriel E, Parent E, Desassis N, Allard D, Romary T et al (2017) Analyzing spatio-temporal data with R: everything you always wanted to know-but were afraid to ask. Journal De La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise De Statistique 158(3):124\u2013158","journal-title":"Journal De La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Fran\u00e7aise De Statistique"},{"key":"2554_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.019","volume":"96","author":"Y Gong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gong Y, Palmer S, Gallacher J, Marsden T, Fone D (2016) A systematic review of the relationship between objective measurements of the urban environment and psychological distress. Environ Int 96:48\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.08.019","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong Y, Gallacher J, Palmer S, Fone D (2014) Neighbourhood green space, physical function and participation in physical activities among elderly men: the Caerphilly prospective study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 11(40)","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-11-40"},{"key":"2554_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.151092","volume":"28","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grundy SM (2008) Metabolic syndrome pandemic. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 28:629\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.151092","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2554_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114340","volume":"215","author":"S Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han S, Zhang F, Yu H, Wei J, Xue L, Duan Z, Niu Z (2022) Systemic inflammation accelerates the adverse effects of air pollution on metabolic syndrome: findings from the China health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Environ Res 215:114340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114340","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2554_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harrell FE (2001) Cox proportional hazards regression model. In: Regression modeling strategies. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, New York, NY. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1_19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3462-1_19"},{"key":"2554_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0110-0","volume":"46","author":"D He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He D, Xi B, Xue J, Huai P, Zhang M, Li J (2014) Association between leisure time physical activity and metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Endocrine 46:231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-013-0110-0","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3967\/bes2022.013","volume":"35","author":"YL He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He YL, Liu XT, Tu RQ, Pan MM, Niu MM, Chen GB, Hou J, Mao ZX, Huo WQ, Li SS, Guo YM, Wang CJ (2022) Association of residential greenness with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a rural Chinese Population: the Henan rural cohort study. Biomed Environ Sci 35(1):89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3967\/bes2022.013","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"2554_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0084","volume":"94","author":"S Holewijn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Holewijn S, Den Heijer M, Swinkels DW, Stalenhoef AFH, De Graaf J (2009) The metabolic syndrome and its traits as risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:2893\u20132899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-0084","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2554_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.051","volume":"207","author":"A Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong A, Sallis JF, King AC, Conway TL, Saelens B, Cain KL, Frank LD et al (2018) Linking green space to neighborhood social capital in older adults: the role of perceived safety. Soc Sci Med 207:38\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.051","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2554_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105459","volume":"136","author":"J Hou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hou J, Liu X, Tu R, Dong X, Zhai Z, Mao Z, Wang C et al (2020) Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution attenuated the association of physical activity with metabolic syndrome in rural Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. Environ Int 136:105459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105459","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04634","volume":"440","author":"N Houstis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES (2006) Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature 440:944\u2013948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature04634","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2554_CR31","unstructured":"Iamopas O, Chongviriyaphan N, Suthutvoravut U (2011) Metabolic syndrome in obese Thai children and adolescents. J Med Assoc Thai 94(Suppl 3): S126-32"},{"key":"2554_CR32","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2006) The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. from http:\/\/www.idf.org\/webdata\/docs\/Metabolic_syndrome_definition.pdf.\u00a0 Accessed 2 July 2022"},{"key":"2554_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang J, Chen G, Li B, Li N, Liu F, Lu Y, Guo Y, Li S, Chen L, Xiang H (2021) Associations of residential greenness with hypertension and blood pressure in a Chinese rural population: a cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Pollut Res","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-172790\/v1"},{"key":"2554_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01904-5","volume":"46","author":"P Ke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ke P, Xu M, Xu J, Yuan X, Ni W, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tian Q, Dowling R, Jiang H, Zhao Z, Lu Z (2023) Association of residential greenness with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese older adults: a longitudinal cohort study. J Endocrinol Invest 46:327\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-022-01904-5","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2554_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113231","volume":"255","author":"C Keijzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keijzer C, Basaga\u00f1a X, Tonne C, Valent\u00edn A, Alonso J, Ant\u00f3 JM, Dadvand P et al (2019) Long-term exposure to greenspace and metabolic syndrome: a Whitehall II study. Environ Pollut 255:113231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113231","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"3","key":"2554_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.01.010","volume":"222","author":"S Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee S, Park H, Kim S, Lee EK, Lee J, Hong YS, Ha E (2019) Fine particulate matter and incidence of metabolic syndrome in non-CVD patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 222(3):533\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2019.01.010","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"2554_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li G, Chan YL, Sukjamnong S, Anwer AG, Vindin H, Padula M, Zakarya R, George J, Oliver BG, Saad S, Chen H (2019) A Mitochondrial specific antioxidant reverses metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver induced by maternal cigarette smoke in mice. Nutrients, 11(1669). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071669","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071669"},{"key":"2554_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li R, Wang Y, Chen R, Gu W, Zhang L, Gu J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Sun Q, Zhang K, Liu C (2020) Ambient fine particulate matter disrupts hepatic circadian oscillation and lipid metabolism in a mouse model. Environ Pollut 262:114179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114179"},{"key":"2554_CR39","unstructured":"Liangruenrom N, Topothai T, Topothai C, Suriyawongpaisan W, Limwattananon S, Limwattananon C et al (2017) Do Thai people meet recommended physical activity level?: the 2015 national health and welfare survey. J Health Syst Res Inst 11(2):205\u201320 (Thai paper)"},{"key":"2554_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu L, Yan LL, Lv Y, Zhang Y, Li T, Huang C, Kan H, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Shi X, Ji JS (2022) Air pollution, residential greenness, and metabolic dysfunction biomarkers: analyses in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. BMC Public Health 22(885). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13126-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13126-8"},{"key":"2554_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu F, Wang X, Pan M, Zhang K, Zhou F, Tong J, Chen Z, Xiang H (2023) Exposure to air pollution and prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a nationwide study in China from 2011 to 2015. Sci Total Environ 855:158596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.158596"},{"key":"2554_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028","volume":"158","author":"I Markevych","year":"2017","unstructured":"Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, Chudnovsky A, Hystad P, Dzhambov AM, Fuertes E et al (2017) Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance. Environ Res 158:301\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2554_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.035","volume":"116","author":"C Matthiessen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matthiessen C, Lucht S, Hennig F, Ohlwein S, Jakobs H, J\u00f6ckel KH, Hoffmann B et al (2018) Long-term exposure to airborne particulate matter and NO2 and prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome \u2013 results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. Environ Int 116:74\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.02.035","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140090","volume":"42","author":"MR Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller MR (2014) The role of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular actions of particulate air pollution. Biochem Soc Trans 42:1006\u20131011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BST20140090","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2554_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12229","volume":"16","author":"S O\u2019Neill","year":"2015","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill S, Driscoll LO (2015) Metabolic syndrome: a closer look at the growing epidemic and its associated pathologies. Obes Rev 16:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12229","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2554_CR46","unstructured":"O'Neill A (2022) Urbanization in Thailand 2020. Accessed 3 July 2022 from. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/455942\/urbanization-in-thailand\/"},{"key":"2554_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2021.118515","volume":"259","author":"K Paoin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paoin K, Ueda K, Vathesatogkit P, Ingviya T, Buya S, Phosri A, Takano H et al (2021) Long-term air pollution exposure and serum lipids and blood sugar: a longitudinal cohort study from the electricity generating authority of Thailand study. Atmospheric Environment 259:118515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2021.118515","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"2554_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.102993","volume":"80","author":"K Paoin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paoin K, Pharino C, Vathesatogkit P, Phosri A, Buya S, Saranburut K, Ueda K, Seposo XT, Ingviya T, Kitiyakara C, Thongmung N, Sritara P (2023) Residential greenness and kidney function: a cohort study of Thai employees. Health Place 80:102993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.102993","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"2554_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paoin K, Ueda K, Ingviya T, Buya S, Phosri A, Seposo XT,Takano H et al (2021b) Long-term air pollution exposure and self-reported morbidity: a longitudinal analysis from the Thai cohort study (TCS). Environ Res 192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110330"},{"key":"2554_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paoin K, Ueda K, Vathesatogkit P, Ingviya T, Buya S, Phosri A, Seposo XT, Thongmung N, Yingchoncharoen T, Honda A, Takano H, Sritara P (2021c) Effects of long-term air pollution exposure on ankle-brachial index and cardio-ankle vascular index: a longitudinal cohort study using data from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand study. Int J Hygiene Environ Health 236:113790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113790"},{"key":"2554_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paoin K, Pharino C, Phosri A, Ueda K, Seposo XT, Kelly M, Seubsman S, Sleigh A (2023a) Association between greenness and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a large cohort study in Thailand. Environ Res 220:115215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115215"},{"issue":"11","key":"2554_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP183","volume":"124","author":"C Peng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peng C, Bind MAC, Colicino E, Kloog I, Byun HM, Cantone L, Trevisi L, Zhong J, Brennan K, Dereix AE, Vokonas PS, Coull BA, Schwartz JD, Baccarelli AA (2016) Particulate air pollution and fasting blood glucose in nondiabetic individuals: associations and epigenetic mediation in the normative aging study, 2000\u20132011. Environ Health Perspect 124(11):1715\u20131721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP183","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2554_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.009","volume":"121","author":"\u00c5 Persson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Persson \u00c5, Pyko A, Lind T, Bellander T, \u00d6stenson C, Pershagen G, L\u00f5hmus M et al (2018) Urban residential greenness and adiposity: a cohort study in Stockholm County. Environ Int 121:832\u2013841. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2018.10.009","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2012.01.2514","volume":"124","author":"H Prasad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prasad H, Ryan DA, Celzo MF, Stapleton D et al (2012) Metabolic syndrome: definition and therapeutic implications. Postgrad Med 124:21\u201330","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"2554_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qin G, Xia J, Zhang Y, Guo L, Chen R, Sang N (2018) Ambient fine particulate matter exposure induces reversible cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis in juvenile and older female mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 15(27). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12989-018-0264-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-018-0264-2"},{"key":"2554_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu J, Yang J, Wang Y, Su H (2018) A comparison of NDVI and EVI in the DisTrad model for thermal sub-pixel mapping in densely vegetated areas: a case study in Southern China. Int J Remote Sens 39(8)","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2017.1420929"},{"issue":"12","key":"2554_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-0190","volume":"61","author":"S Rajagopalan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rajagopalan S, Brook RD (2012) Air pollution and type 2 diabetes: mechanistic insights. Diabetes 61(12):3037\u20133045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db12-0190","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu250","volume":"143","author":"X Rao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rao X, Patel P, Puett R, Rajagopalan S (2015) Air pollution as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Toxicol Sci 143(2):231\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu250","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"2554_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","volume":"37","author":"GM Reaven","year":"1988","unstructured":"Reaven GM (1988) Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 37:1595\u20131607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2554_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2017.05.016","volume":"106","author":"C Sarkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sarkar C (2017) Residential greenness and adiposity: findings from the UK Biobank. Environ Int 106:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2017.05.016","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shamy M, Alghamdi M, Khoder MI, Mohorjy AM, Alkhatim AA, Alkhalaf AK, Costa M et al (2018) Association between exposure to ambient air particulates and metabolic syndrome components in a Saudi Arabian population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(27). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph15010027","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15010027"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000426","volume":"27","author":"RP Shanley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shanley RP, Hayes RB, Cromar KR, Ito K, Gordon T, Ahn J (2016) Particulate air pollution and clinical cardiovascular disease risk factors. Epidemiology 27(2):291\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000426","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2554_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10728-6","volume":"21","author":"S Siwarom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Siwarom S, Aekplakorn W, Pirojsakul K, Paksi W, Kessomboon P, Neelapaichit N, Taneepanichskul S et al (2021) Metabolic syndrome in Thai adolescents and associated factors: the Thai National Health Examination Survey V (NHES V). BMC Public Health 21:678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10728-6","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2554_CR64","unstructured":"Statista (2021) Thailand: urbanization from 2009 to 2019. Accessed 3 July 2022 from. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/455942\/urbanization-in-thailand\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.02.022","volume":"156","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki T, Hirata K, Elkind MSV, Jin Z, Rundek T, Miyake Y, Homma S et al (2008) Metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, and risk of cardiovascular events: the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Am Heart J 156(2):405\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.02.022","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2554_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1182","volume":"27","author":"C Tan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tan C, Ma S, Wai D, Chew S, Tai ES (2004) Can we apply the national cholesterol education program adult treatment panel definition of the metabolic syndrome to Asians? Diabetes Care 27:1182\u20131186","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq218","volume":"41","author":"P Vathesatogkit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vathesatogkit P, Woodward M, Tanomsup S, Ratanachaiwong W, Vanavanan S, Yamwong S, Sritara P (2012) Cohort profile: the electricity generating authority of Thailand study. Int J Epidemiol 41(2):359\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyq218","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2554_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106364","volume":"147","author":"S Voss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Voss S, Schneider A, Huth C, Wolf K, Markevych I, Schwettmann L, Breitner S et al (2021) ENVINT-D-20\u201301309: Long-term exposure to air pollution, road traffic noise, residential greenness, and prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome: results from the population-based KORA F4\/FF4 cohort in Augsburg, Germany. Environ Int 147:106364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106364","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2554_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww157","volume":"185","author":"RS Wallwork","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wallwork RS, Colicino E, Zhong J, Kloog I, Coull BA, Vokonas P, Kloog I et al (2017) Ambient fine particulate matter, outdoor temperature, and risk of metabolic syndrome. Am J Epidemiol 185(1):30\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kww157","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2554_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.07.001","volume":"94","author":"C Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang C, Chen R, Cai J, Shi J, Yang C, Tse LA, Li H, Lin Z, Meng X, Liu C, Niu Y, Xia Y, Zhao Z, Kan H (2016) Personal exposure to fine particulate matter and blood pressure: a role of angiotensin converting enzyme and its DNA methylation. Environ Int 94:661\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2016.07.001","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112549","volume":"206","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu F, Yao Y, Chen M, Wu C, Yan Y, Xiang H (2022) Associations of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with metabolic syndrome: the Wuhan Chronic Disease Cohort Study (WCDCS). Environ Res 206:112549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112549","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2554_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.10.1104","volume":"159","author":"PWF Wilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilson PWF, Kannel WB, Silbershatz H, D\u2019Agostino RB et al (1999) Clustering of metabolic factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 159(10):1104\u20131109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.159.10.1104","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2554_CR73","unstructured":"World Bank (2015) Urbanization in Thailand is dominated by the Bangkok urban area. Accessed 3 July 2022 from. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2015\/01\/26\/urbanization-in-thailand-is-dominated-by-the-bangkok-urban-area"},{"key":"2554_CR74","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014) Global status report on noncommunicable disease 2014. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/148114"},{"key":"2554_CR75","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020) Obesity on the rise in the Land of Smiles. Accessed 3 July 2022 from. https:\/\/thethaiger.com\/news\/national\/obesity-on-the-rise-in-the-land-of-smiles"},{"key":"2554_CR76","unstructured":"World Population Review (2021) Thailand Population 2021. Accessed 2 July 2022 from. https:\/\/worldpopulationreview.com\/countries\/thailand-population"},{"key":"2554_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01870-y","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Yuan X, Ni W, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ke P, Xu M, Zhao Z (2022) Associations between residential greenness and blood lipids in Chinese elderly population. J Endocrinol Invest. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-022-01870-y","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2554_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.02.029","volume":"164","author":"BY Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang BY, Qian Min Z, Li S, Fan S, Chen G, Syberg KM, Dong GH et al (2018) Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution (including PM1) and metabolic syndrome: the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study (33CCHS). Environ Res 164:204\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2018.02.029","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2554_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.068","volume":"126","author":"BY Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang BY, Markevych I, Bloom MS, Heinrich J, Guo Y, Morawska L, Dong GH et al (2019) Community greenness, blood pressure, and hypertension in urban dwellers: the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study. Environ Int 126:727\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.02.068","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.03.128","volume":"250","author":"BY Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang BY, Markevych I, Heinrich J, Bloom MS, Qian Z, Dee S, Dong GH et al (2019) Residential greenness and blood lipids in urban-dwelling adults: the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study. Environ Pollut 250:14\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.03.128","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"2","key":"2554_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.12.001","volume":"222","author":"BY Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang BY, Markevych I, Heinrich J, Bowatte G, Bloom MS, Guo Y, Dong G et al (2019) Associations of greenness with diabetes mellitus and glucose-homeostasis markers: the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 222(2):283\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.12.001","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"2554_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105388","volume":"135","author":"BY Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang BY, Liu KK, Markevych I, Knibbs LD, Bloom MS, Dharmage SC, Dong GH et al (2020) Association between residential greenness and metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults. Environ Int 135:105388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105388","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2554_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106383","volume":"148","author":"JS Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang JS, Gui ZH, Zou ZY, Yang BY, Ma J, Jing J, Chen YJ et al (2021) Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a national cross-sectional study in China. Environ Int 148:106383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106383","journal-title":"Environ Int"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02554-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02554-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02554-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T15:03:35Z","timestamp":1699887815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02554-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2554"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02554-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of Ramathibodi Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors provided consent for the submission and publication of this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}