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This research was conducted on an Italian Holstein dairy farm equipped with precision livestock farming sensors to assess potential different behavioral patterns of the animals. Three heat waves, defined as at least five consecutive days with mean daily temperature-humidity index higher than 72, were recorded in the farm area during the summer of 2021. Individual daily milk yield data of 102 cows were used to identify \u201cheat-sensitive\u201d animals, meaning the cows that, under a given heat wave, experienced a milk yield drop that was not linked with other health events (e.g., mastitis). Milk yield drops were detected as perturbations of the lactation curve estimated by iteratively using Wood\u2019s equation. Individual daily minutes of lying, chewing, and activity were retrieved from ear-tag-based accelerometer sensors. Semi-parametric generalized estimating equations models were used to assess behavioral deviations of heat-sensitive cows from the herd means under heat stress conditions. Heat waves were associated with an overall increase in the herd\u2019s chewing and activity times, along with an overall decrease of lying time. Heat-sensitive cows spent approximately 15 min\/days more chewing and performing activities (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The findings of this research suggest that the information provided by high-frequency sensor data could assist farmers in identifying cows for which personalized interventions to alleviate heat stress are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02561-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T03:19:45Z","timestamp":1696303185000},"page":"2047-2054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sensor-based behavioral patterns can identify heat-sensitive lactating dairy cows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6534-8110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Ranzato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Lora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6266-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Aernouts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9768-2308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Adriaens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0427-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Gottardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-1082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2561_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1222-z","volume":"61","author":"F Abeni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abeni F, Galli A (2017) Monitoring cow activity and rumination time for an early detection of heat stress in dairy cow. 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