{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:52:26Z","timestamp":1787500346352,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71974165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71974165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["INF-CUHK-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INF-CUHK-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19181132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19181132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Febrile seizures are convulsions predominately occurring in young children. The effects of various exposomes, including influenza infection and external environmental factors, on febrile seizures have not been well-studied. In this study, we elucidated the relationships between ambient temperature, air pollutants, influenza infection, and febrile seizures using 22-year territory-wide hospitalization data in Hong Kong. The aggregated data were matched with the meteorological records and air pollutant concentrations. All-type and type-specific influenza-like illness positive (ILI+) rates were used as proxies for influenza activity. Distributed lag non-linear model in conjunction with the quasi-poisson generalized additive model was used to examine the associations of interest. According to the results, all-type influenza infections were significantly associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for febrile seizures (cumulative adjusted relative risk [ARR]\u2009=\u20091.59 at 95th percentile vs. 0; 95% CI, 1.51\u20131.68). The effect of ILI\u2009+\u2009A\/H3N2 on febrile seizure was more pronounced than other type-specific ILI\u2009+\u2009rates. A low mean ambient temperature was identified as a significant risk factor for febrile seizures (cumulative ARR\u2009=\u20091.50 at 5th percentile vs. median; 95% CI, 1.35\u20131.66), while the redox-weighted oxidant capacity and sulfur dioxide were not associated with febrile seizures. In conclusion, our study underscores that influenza infections and exposure to cold conditions were related to an increased risk of febrile seizures in children. Thus, we advocate for influenza vaccination before the onset of the cold season for children to mitigate the burden of febrile seizures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-024-02711-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T07:02:24Z","timestamp":1717138944000},"page":"1847-1855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of environmental exposome and influenza infection on febrile seizure in children over 22 years: a time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianying","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang Qian","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guozhang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5610-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ka Chun","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2711_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1981.tb02019.x","volume":"23","author":"JH Baumer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Baumer JH, David TJ, Valentine SJ, Roberts JE, Hughes BR (1981) Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion. Dev Med Child Neurol 23(4):462\u2013464","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2711_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01795-x","volume":"64","author":"G Chai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chai G, He H, Su Y, Sha Y, Zong S (2020) Lag effect of air temperature on the incidence of respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China. Int J Biometeorol 64(1):83\u201393","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2711_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E63","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e63","volume":"108","author":"SS Chiu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chiu SS, Tse CY, Lau YL, Peiris M (2001) Influenza a infection is an important cause of febrile seizures. Pediatrics 108(4):E63","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2711_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.118480","volume":"293","author":"KC Chong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chong KC, Chen Y, Chan EYY, Lau SYF, Lam HCY, Wang P, Goggins WB, Ran J, Zhao S, Mohammad KN, Wei Y (2022) Association of weather, air pollutants, and seasonal influenza with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalization risks. Environ Pollut 293:118480","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2711_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Christensen KJ, Dreier JW, Skotte L, Feenstra B, Grove J, B\u00f8rglum AD, Mitrovic M, Cotsapas C, Christensen J (2022) Seasonal variation and risk of febrile seizures: a danish nationwide cohort study. Neuroepidemiology 56(2):138\u2013146 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000522065","DOI":"10.1159\/000522065"},{"issue":"9","key":"2711_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2014.57.9.384","volume":"57","author":"S Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung S (2014) Febrile seizures. Korean J Pediatr 57(9):384\u2013395","journal-title":"Korean J Pediatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2711_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.110221","volume":"92","author":"B Chung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chung B, Wong V (2007) Relationship between five common viruses and febrile seizure in children. Arch Dis Child 92(7):589\u2013593","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"2711_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-019-0662-y","volume":"10","author":"J Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen J, Zhang X, Francis J, Jung T, Kwok R, Overland J, Ballinger T, Bhatt U, Chen H, Coumou D (2020) Divergent consensuses on Arctic amplification influence on midlatitude severe winter weather. Nat Clim Change 10(1):20\u201329","journal-title":"Nat Clim Change"},{"issue":"6559","key":"2711_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9167","volume":"373","author":"J Cohen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cohen J, Agel L, Barlow M, Garfinkel CI, White I (2021) Linking Arctic variability and change with extreme winter weather in the United States. Science 373(6559):1116\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abi9167","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"2711_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl162","volume":"35","author":"BJ Cowling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cowling BJ, Wong IO, Ho LM, Riley S, Leung GM (2006) Methods for monitoring influenza surveillance data. Int J Epidemiol 35(5):1314\u20131321","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2711_CR13","unstructured":"Environmental Protection, Department (2013) EPD - about AQHI. http:\/\/www.aqhi.gov.hk\/en\/what-is-aqhi\/about-aqhi. html"},{"issue":"11","key":"2711_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.11.1031","volume":"158","author":"EK France","year":"2004","unstructured":"France EK, Glanz JM, Xu S, Davis RL, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Zangwill KM, Marcy SM, Mullooly JP, Jackson LA, Chen R (2004) Safety of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among children: a population-based study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158(11):1031\u20131036","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2711_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0740-5","volume":"16","author":"JR Francis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Francis JR, Richmond P, Robins C, Lindsay K, Levy A, Effler PV, Borland M, Blyth CC (2016) An observational study of febrile seizures: the importance of viral infection and immunization. BMC Pediatr 16(1):202","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"2711_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v043.i08","volume":"43","author":"A Gasparrini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gasparrini A (2011) Distributed lag Linear and Non-linear models in R: the Package dlnm. J Stat Softw 43(8):1\u201320","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"21","key":"2711_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3940","volume":"29","author":"A Gasparrini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gasparrini A, Armstrong B, Kenward MG (2010) Distributed lag non-linear models. Stat Med 29(21):2224\u20132234","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2711_CR19","first-page":"149","volume":"85","author":"RC Graves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graves RC, Oehler K, Tingle LE (2012) Febrile seizures: risks, evaluation, and prognosis. Am Fam Physician 85(2):149\u2013153","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"2711_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gu Y, Zuo X, Zhang S, Ouyang Z, Jiang S, Wang F, Wang G (2021) The mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 13(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13071362","DOI":"10.3390\/v13071362"},{"key":"2711_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.07.191","volume":"211","author":"H Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo H (2018) Comparisons of combined oxidant capacity and redox-weighted oxidant capacity in their association with increasing levels of FeNO. Chemosphere 211:584\u2013590","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"2711_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.01039","volume":"66","author":"JY Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han JY, Han SB (2023) Pathogenetic and etiologic considerations of febrile seizures. Clin Exp Pediatr 66(2):46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3345\/cep.2021.01039","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pediatr"},{"key":"2711_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hjortebjerg D, Andersen AM, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O, S\u00f8rensen M (2018) Exposure to traffic noise and air pollution and risk for febrile seizure: a cohort study. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3724"},{"issue":"1","key":"2711_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2854","volume":"11","author":"GZ Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu GZ, Yang SJ, Hu WX, Wen Z, He D, Zeng LF, Xiang Q, Wu XM, Zhou WY, Zhu QX (2016) Effect of cold stress on immunity in rats. Exp Ther Med 11(1):33\u201342","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2711_CR24","first-page":"CD004879","volume":"2","author":"T Jefferson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jefferson T, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C, Demicheli V (2018) Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2):CD004879","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2711_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2003.00457.x","volume":"8","author":"M Kaji","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaji M, Watanabe A, Aizawa H (2003) Differences in clinical features between influenza A H1N1, a H3N2, and B in adult patients. Respirology 8(2):231\u2013233","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2711_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107306","volume":"111","author":"I Kawakami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kawakami I, Inoue M, Adachi S, Koga H (2020) The weather condition and epidemics as triggers for febrile seizure: a single-center retrospective observational study. Epilepsy Behav 111:107306","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"2711_CR27","first-page":"2617","volume":"45","author":"KW Kelley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kelley KW (1984) Immune responses and plasma hormone concentrations in cold-exposed, xeranol-implanted calves. Am J Vet Res 45(12):2617\u20132621","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2711_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.06.256","volume":"609","author":"SH Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim SH, Kim JS, Jin MH, Lee JH (2017) The effects of weather on pediatric seizure: a single-center retrospective study (2005\u20132015). Sci Total Environ 609:535\u2013540","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2711_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.07.077","volume":"692","author":"SH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim SH, Shim HS, Kang SM, Park H, Jin MH, Lee JH (2019) Are there effects of lunar cycle on pediatric febrile seizure? A single-center retrospective study (2005\u20132018). Sci Total Environ 692:589\u2013594","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2711_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215488","volume":"76","author":"SY Leung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leung SY, Lau SY, Kwok KL, Mohammad KN, Chan PK, Chong KC (2021) Short-term association among meteorological variation, outdoor air pollution and acute bronchiolitis in children in a subtropical setting. Thorax 76(4):360\u2013369","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"11","key":"2711_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.54.11.869","volume":"54","author":"HM Lewis","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lewis HM, Parry JV, Parry RP, Davies HA, Sanderson PJ, Tyrrell DA, Valman HB (1979) Role of viruses in febrile convulsions. Arch Dis Child 54(11):869\u2013876","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2711_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160764","volume":"862","author":"C Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li C, Jiang X, Yue Q, Wei Y, Wang Y, Ho JY, Lao XQ, Chong KC (2023) Relationship between meteorological variations, seasonal influenza, and hip fractures in the elderly: a modelling investigation using 22-year data. Sci Total Environ 862:160764","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2711_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2017.11.0437","volume":"18","author":"C Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin C, Li Y, Lau AKH, Li C, Fung JCH (2018) 15-Year PM2.5 trends in the Pearl River Delta Region and Hong Kong from Satellite Observation. Aerosol Air Qual Res 18:2355\u20132362","journal-title":"Aerosol Air Qual Res"},{"key":"2711_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109546","volume":"186","author":"KN Mohammad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammad KN, Chan EY, Wong MC, Goggins WB, Chong KC (2020) Ambient temperature, seasonal influenza and risk of cardiovascular disease in a subtropical area in Southern China. Environ Res 186:109546","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2711_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106521","volume":"153","author":"KN Mohammad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mohammad KN, Chan EYY, Lau SY, Lam HCY, Goggins WB, Chong KC (2021) Relationship between acute kidney injury, seasonal influenza, and environmental factors: a 14-year retrospective analysis. Environ Int 153:106521","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2711_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263310552095697","DOI":"10.1177\/2633105520956973","volume":"15","author":"P Mosili","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mosili P, Maikoo S, Mabandla MV, Qulu L (2020) The Pathogenesis of Fever-Induced Febrile seizures and its current state. Neurosci Insights 15:2633105520956973","journal-title":"Neurosci Insights"},{"issue":"19","key":"2711_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197611042951901","volume":"295","author":"KB Nelson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH (1976) Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures. N Engl J Med 295(19):1029\u20131033","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2711_CR39","volume-title":"Physiology, temperature regulation","author":"EV Osilla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Osilla EV, Marsidi JL, Sharma S (2022) In: StatPearls (ed) Physiology, temperature regulation. StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2711_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7748\/en.23.2.18.e1431","volume":"23","author":"SP Paul","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paul SP, Rogers E, Wilkinson R, Paul B (2015) Management of febrile convulsion in children. Emerg Nurse 23(2):18\u201325","journal-title":"Emerg Nurse"},{"issue":"8","key":"2711_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2013.814781","volume":"12","author":"N Principi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Principi N, Esposito S (2013) Vaccines and febrile seizures. Expert Rev Vaccines 12(8):885\u2013892","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"7588","key":"2711_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39087.691817.AE","volume":"334","author":"LG Sadleir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sadleir LG, Scheffer IE (2007) Febrile seizures. BMJ 334(7588):307\u2013311","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2711_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002543","volume":"119","author":"A Schneider","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schneider A, Alexis NE, Diaz-Sanchez D, Neas LM, Harder S, Herbst MC, Cascio WE, Buse JB, Peters A, Devlin RB (2011) Ambient PM2.5 exposure up-regulates the expression of costimulatory receptors on circulating monocytes in diabetic individuals. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):778\u2013783","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2711_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Sc10","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2016\/18635.7853","volume":"10","author":"IK Sharawat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharawat IK, Singh J, Dawman L, Singh A (2016) Evaluation of risk factors Associated with First Episode Febrile Seizure. J Clin Diagn Res 10(5):Sc10\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/jcdr\/2016\/18635.7853","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2711_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000814","volume":"34","author":"H Silvennoinen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silvennoinen H, Huusko T, Vuorinen T, Heikkinen T (2015) Comparative burden of Influenza A\/H1N1, A\/H3N2 and B infections in children treated as outpatients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 34(10):1081\u20131085","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2711_CR47","first-page":"445","volume":"99","author":"DK Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith DK, Sadler KP, Benedum M (2019) Febrile seizures: risks, evaluation, and prognosis. Am Fam Physician 99(7):445\u2013450","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"6478","key":"2711_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.290.6478.1307","volume":"290","author":"CM Verity","year":"1985","unstructured":"Verity CM, Butler NR, Golding J (1985) Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I\u2013Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 290(6478):1307\u20131310","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2711_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vezzani A, Viviani B (2015) Neuromodulatory properties of inflammatory cytokines and their impact on neuronal excitability. Neuropharmacol 96 (Pt A) 70\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.027"},{"key":"2711_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.028449","volume":"89","author":"C Waruiru","year":"2004","unstructured":"Waruiru C, Appleton R (2004) Febrile seizures: an update. Arch Dis Child 89:751\u2013756","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"1","key":"2711_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16770-y","volume":"7","author":"S Weichenthal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weichenthal S, Pinault LL, Burnett RT (2017) Impact of oxidant gases on the relationship between Outdoor Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Nonaccidental, Cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality. Sci Rep 7(1):16401","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2711_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159362","volume":"857","author":"X Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiong X, Wei Y, Lam HCY, Wong CKH, Lau SYF, Zhao S, Ran J, Li C, Jiang X, Yue Q, Cheng W, Wang H, Wang Y, Chong KC (2023) Association between cold weather, influenza infection, and asthma exacerbation in adults in Hong Kong. Sci Total Environ 857:159362","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2711_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2012-100864","volume":"70","author":"J Zhao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao J, Gao Z, Tian Z, Xie Y, Xin F, Jiang R, Kan H, Song W (2013) The biological effects of individual-level PM(2.5) exposure on systemic immunity and inflammatory response in traffic policemen. Occup Environ Med 70(6):426\u2013431","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02711-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02711-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02711-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T14:08:17Z","timestamp":1728396497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02711-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02711-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 April 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study is approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong - New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent was exempted as only aggregated data were used in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}