{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:51:25Z","timestamp":1791654685630,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heat-related diseases have become a significant public health concern. Studies have shown that susceptibility to heat varies among regions; however, most studies used aggregated data on emergency transport in the regions. The present study used a nationwide inpatient database in Japan and examined the association between regional differences in Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and in-hospital mortality in patients with a heat-related disease, with adjustment for individual-level characteristics. We retrospectively identified participants from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database during the five warmest months of the year (May 1 to September 30) from 2011 to 2019. We calculated the long-term average daily maximum WBGT for the prefectures and categorized the prefectures into three areas (low-, middle-, and high-WBGT). We conduced multivariable logistic regression analyses to compare in-hospital mortality between the WBGT areas, adjusting for individual-level covariates (including age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities). A total of 82,250 patients were admitted for heat-related diseases. The mean age was 63.2 (standard deviation, 25.0) years, and 63.7% were male. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the low-WBGT area had a higher in-hospital mortality than that had by the high-WBGT area (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.15\u20131.52), whereas no significant difference was observed between the middle- and high-WBGT areas (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.89\u20131.12). After adjusting for individual-level risk factors, in-hospital death was more likely to occur in patients with heat-related diseases in lower WBGT areas compared with those in higher WBGT areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-025-02867-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T08:57:12Z","timestamp":1741078632000},"page":"873-884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In-hospital mortality of heat-related disease associated with wet bulb globe temperature: a Japanese nationwide inpatient data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Kazuha","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazutaka","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyohide","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Yasunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2517-1087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonhee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2867_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002313","volume":"119","author":"GB Anderson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anderson GB, Bell ML (2011) Heat waves in the United States: mortality risk during heat waves and effect modification by heat wave characteristics in 43 U.S. communities. Environ Health Perspect 119:210\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.1002313","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2867_CR2","unstructured":"Blazejczyk K, McGregor G (2008) Mortality in European cities and its relations to biothermal conditions. In: Klysik K, Wibig J, Fortuniak K (eds) Klimat i bioklimat miast. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu \u0141\u00f3dzkiego, pp 313\u2013324"},{"key":"2867_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089","volume":"346","author":"A Bouchama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bouchama A, Knochel JP (2002) Heat stroke. N Engl J Med 346:1978\u20131988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra011089","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2867_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.20.ira70009","volume":"167","author":"A Bouchama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bouchama A, Dehbi M, Mohamed G et al (2007) Prognostic factors in heat wave related deaths: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 167:2170\u20132176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.167.20.ira70009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2867_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.1.80","volume":"155","author":"FC Curriero","year":"2002","unstructured":"Curriero FC, Heiner KS, Samet JM et al (2002) Temperature and mortality in 11 cities of the eastern United States. Am J Epidemiol 155:80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/155.1.80","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2867_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1175\/JAMC-D-18-0246.1","volume":"58","author":"C Di Napoli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Napoli C, Pappenberger F, Cloke HL (2019) Verification of heat stress thresholds for a health-based heat-wave definition. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 58:1177\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/JAMC-D-18-0246.1","journal-title":"J Appl Meteorol Climatol"},{"key":"2867_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4803","volume":"28","author":"J Forns","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forns J, Cainzos-Achirica M, Hellfritzsch M et al (2019) Validity of ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes used to identify acute liver injury: a study in three European data sources. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 28:965\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4803","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2867_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.020","volume":"171","author":"RM Gifford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gifford RM, Todisco T, Stacey M et al (2019) Risk of heat illness in men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res 171:24\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2018.10.020","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2867_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad3a81","volume":"19","author":"Q Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo Q, Yuan L, Ng CFS, Hashizume M (2024) Evaluating Japan\u2019s revised heat-health warning system in the face of recent escalating heat stress. Environ Res Lett 19:054002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad3a81","journal-title":"Environ Res Lett"},{"key":"2867_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181caeb90","volume":"21","author":"AE Hubbard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hubbard AE, Ahern J, Fleischer NL et al (2010) To GEE or not to GEE: comparing population average and mixed models for estimating the associations between neighborhood risk factors and health. Epidemiology 21:467\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181caeb90","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2867_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3390\/geohazards2040017","volume":"2","author":"Y Iwamoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwamoto Y, Ohashi Y (2021) Assessing the climatological relationship between heatstroke risk and heat stress indices in 47 prefectures in Japan. GeoHazards 2:321\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geohazards2040017","journal-title":"GeoHazards"},{"key":"2867_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100970","volume":"40","author":"Y Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim Y, Oka K, Kawazu EC et al (2023) Enhancing health resilience in Japan in a changing climate. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 40:100970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100970","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"2867_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-01995-w","volume":"65","author":"M Kuchcik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuchcik M (2021) Mortality and thermal environment (UTCI) in Poland-long-term, multi-city study. Int J Biometeorol 65:1529\u20131541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-020-01995-w","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"2867_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-13-89","volume":"13","author":"M Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee M, Nordio F, Zanobetti A et al (2014) Acclimatization across space and time in the effects of temperature on mortality: a time-series analysis. Environ Health 13:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-069X-13-89","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2867_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfz117","volume":"13","author":"R Logan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Logan R, Davey P, De Souza N et al (2020) Assessing the accuracy of ICD-10 coding for measuring rates of and mortality from acute kidney injury and the impact of electronic alerts: an observational cohort study. Clin Kidney J 13:1083\u20131090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfz117","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2867_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108548","volume":"176","author":"GS Martinez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez GS, Linares C, Ayuso A et al (2019) Heat-health action plans in Europe: challenges ahead and how to tackle them. Environ Res 176:108548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108548","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2867_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113709","volume":"214","author":"GS Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martinez GS, Kendrovski V, Salazar MA et al (2022) Heat-health action planning in the WHO European Region: status and policy implications. Environ Res 214:113709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2022.113709","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2867_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-021-03758-y","volume":"146","author":"W Marx","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marx W, Haunschild R, Bornmann L (2021) Heat waves: a hot topic in climate change research. Theor Appl Climatol 146:781\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00704-021-03758-y","journal-title":"Theor Appl Climatol"},{"key":"2867_CR19","unstructured":"Matthies F, Bickler G, Carde\u00f1osa Mar\u00edn N (2008) Heat-health action plans: Guidance. World Health Organization"},{"key":"2867_CR20","unstructured":"MEOJ Heat Illness Prevention Information https:\/\/www.wbgt.env.go.jp\/wbgt.php. Accessed 21 May 2024"},{"key":"2867_CR21","unstructured":"Ministry of the Environment, Japan (2020) Assessment Report on Climate Change Impacts in Japan. https:\/\/www.env.go.jp\/content\/000047546.pdf. Accessed 26 Nov 2024"},{"key":"2867_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyatake N, Sakano N, Murakami S (2012) The relation between ambulance transports stratified by heat stroke and air temperature in all 47 prefectures of Japan in August, 2009: ecological study. Environ Health Prev Med","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-011-0221-2"},{"key":"2867_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mora C, Counsell CWW, Bielecki CR, Louis LV (2017) Twenty-seven ways a heat Wave can kill you: Deadly Heat in the era of Climate Change. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004233","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.117.004233"},{"key":"2867_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20220147","author":"M Nakajima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nakajima M, Okada Y, Sonoo T, Goto T (2022) Development and validation of a novel method for converting the Japan Coma Scale to Glasgow Coma Scale. J Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.JE20220147","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2867_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1700520","volume":"45","author":"H Ohbe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ohbe H, Isogai S, Jo T et al (2019) Treatment with antithrombin or thrombomodulin and mortality from heatstroke-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: a nationwide observational study. Semin Thromb Hemost 45:760\u2013766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1700520","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"2867_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125002","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac3d21","volume":"3","author":"K Oka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oka K, Hijioka Y (2021) Prediction of the number of heatstroke patients transported by ambulance in Japan\u2019s 47 prefectures: proposal of heat acclimatization consideration. Environ Res Commun 3:125002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7620\/ac3d21","journal-title":"Environ Res Commun"},{"key":"2867_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/acac03","author":"K Oka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oka K, Honda Y, Hijioka Y (2022) Launching criteria of Heatstroke Alert in Japan according to regionality and age group. Environ Res Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/2515-7620\/acac03","journal-title":"Environ Res Commun"},{"key":"2867_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116390","volume":"232","author":"K Oka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oka K, Honda Y, Phung VLH, Hijioka Y (2023) Prediction of climate change impacts on heatstroke cases in Japan\u2019s 47 prefectures with the effect of long-term heat adaptation. Environ Res 232:116390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2023.116390","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2867_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2023.100256","volume":"12","author":"TF Osborne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Osborne TF, Veigulis ZP, Vaidyanathan A et al (2023) Trends in heat related illness: nationwide observational cohort at the US department of veteran affairs. J Clim Change Health 12:100256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joclim.2023.100256","journal-title":"J Clim Change Health"},{"key":"2867_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Otani S, Funaki Ishizu S, Masumoto T et al (2021) The Effect of Minimum and Maximum Air temperatures in the summer on Heat Stroke in Japan: a time-stratified case-crossover study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18041632","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041632"},{"key":"2867_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","volume":"43","author":"H Quan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P et al (2005) Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care 43:1130\u20131139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2867_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rao-Skirbekk S, Budin-Lj\u00f8sne I, Chaudhary P et al (2023) Costs and benefits of climate services for heat-health adaptation in Europe. Eur J Public Health 33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad160.371","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckad160.371"},{"key":"2867_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0000000000001058","volume":"22","author":"WO Roberts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roberts WO, Armstrong LE, Sawka MN et al (2023) ACSM expert consensus statement on exertional heat illness: recognition, management, and return to activity. Curr Sports Med Rep 22:134\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/JSR.0000000000001058","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"key":"2867_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-371","volume":"14","author":"L Roh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roh L, Braun J, Chiolero A et al (2014) Mortality risk associated with underweight: a census-linked cohort of 31,578 individuals with up to 32 years of follow-up. BMC Public Health 14:371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-14-371","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2867_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0005-z","volume":"14","author":"S Saha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saha S, Brock JW, Vaidyanathan A et al (2015) Spatial variation in hyperthermia emergency department visits among those with employer-based insurance in the United States - a case-crossover analysis. Environ Health 14:20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12940-015-0005-z","journal-title":"Environ Health"},{"key":"2867_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0186509","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186509","volume":"12","author":"MT Schmeltz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schmeltz MT, Gamble JL (2017) Risk characterization of hospitalizations for mental illness and\/or behavioral disorders with concurrent heat-related illness. PLoS ONE 12:e0186509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0186509","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2867_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001241","volume":"31","author":"F Sera","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sera F, Hashizume M, Honda Y et al (2020) Air conditioning and heat-related mortality: a multi-country longitudinal study. Epidemiology 31:779\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001241","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2867_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e516","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.516","volume":"7","author":"J Shimazaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimazaki J, Hifumi T, Shimizu K et al (2020) Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and outcomes of heat-related illness (Heatstroke Study 2017\u20132018). Acute Med Surg 7:e516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ams2.516","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"2867_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2210623","volume":"387","author":"C Sorensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sorensen C, Hess J (2022) Treatment and prevention of heat-related illness. N Engl J Med 387:1404\u20131413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcp2210623","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2867_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01405-3","volume":"9","author":"KR Spangler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spangler KR, Liang S, Wellenius GA (2022) Wet-bulb globe temperature, universal thermal climate index, and other heat metrics for US counties, 2000\u20132020. Sci Data 9:326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41597-022-01405-3","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"2867_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-021-01034-z","volume":"26","author":"S Ueno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ueno S, Hayano D, Noguchi E, Aruga T (2021) Investigating age and regional effects on the relation between the incidence of heat-related ambulance transport and daily maximum temperature or WBGT. Environ Health Prev Med 26:116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12199-021-01034-z","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"2867_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010260","volume":"151","author":"TLS Visscher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Visscher TLS, Seidell JC, Menotti A et al (2000) Underweight and overweight in relation to mortality among men aged 40\u201359 and 50\u201369 years: the seven countries study. Am J Epidemiol 151:660\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010260","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2867_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.119","volume":"569\u2013570","author":"K Ward","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ward K, Lauf S, Kleinschmit B, Endlicher W (2016) Heat waves and urban heat islands in Europe: a review of relevant drivers. Sci Total Environ 569\u2013570:527\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.119","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2867_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1113\/EP088458","volume":"106","author":"CS Westwood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Westwood CS, Fallowfield JL, Delves SK et al (2021) Individual risk factors associated with exertional heat illness: a systematic review. Exp Physiol 106:191\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP088458","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"2867_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002950","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002950","volume":"16","author":"R Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu R, Zhao Q, Coelho MSZS et al (2019) The association between heat exposure and hospitalization for undernutrition in Brazil during 2000\u20132015: a nationwide case-crossover study. PLoS Med 16:e1002950. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002950","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2867_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.je.2016.09.009","volume":"27","author":"H Yamana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamana H, Moriwaki M, Horiguchi H et al (2017) Validity of diagnoses, procedures, and laboratory data in Japanese administrative data. J Epidemiol 27:476\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.je.2016.09.009","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2867_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaglou CP, Minard D (1957) Control of heat casualties at military training centers. AMA Arch Ind Health 16:302\u2013316","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0099920"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-025-02867-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-025-02867-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-025-02867-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T11:44:03Z","timestamp":1743248643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-025-02867-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-025-02867-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board of the University of Tokyo approved this study [approval number: 3501-(5); May 19, 2021)]. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived owing to data anonymity.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}