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A total of five mixed-breed dogs had their body temperatures (from their coat, skin, paw pad and rectum) and respiratory rate measured at rest, during 12\u00a0min of walking, and during 20\u00a0min of recuperation, when water intake was recorded. A total of 135 walks were undertaken throughout the night and daytime phases, thereby exposing dogs to levels of black-globe temperature (BGT) ranging between 19 and 50\u00a0\u00b0C. Dogs kept their rectal temperature within a narrow range (38\u201439\u00a0\u00b0C), without signs of hyperthermia. However, walking with the dogs when the BGT was above 35 \u00baC resulted in substantial increments in hair-coat temperature (+\u200920.5 \u00baC), skin temperature (+\u20097.2 \u00baC), respiratory rate (increasing markedly, from approximately 47 to 374 breaths min\u207b\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and water intake (+\u2009215\u00a0mL) compared to walks at a BGT below 30 \u00baC. The set of dogs\u2019 responses exposed to different levels of radiant heat load was summarized into a single variable, the thermal stress index (TSI), with values ranging from 90 to 220. The best prediction of TSI accounted combined effects of air temperature and thermal radiation (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.92). Maximum respiratory rate was recorded at TSI of 170 (Plateau\u2009=\u2009287 breath min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    or 4.78 breath s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and maximum skin temperature at TSI of 190 (Plateau\u2009=\u200938 \u00baC). In conclusion, walking dogs when TSI exceeds 170 should be approached with caution, particularly during prolonged or repeated exposure, as panting appears to become less effective beyond this threshold.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-026-03236-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T08:10:05Z","timestamp":1781165405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cool and safe walks: heat stress threshold for domestic dogs living in hot and sunny regions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Pavlos Vin\u00edcius","family":"do Nascimento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9461-1723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edilson Paes","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarsys Noan Silva","family":"Ver\u00edssimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinara Hody Gurgel Morais","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Diniz","family":"Rola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Cristina","family":"Sant\u2019Anna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter Esfrain","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius de Fran\u00e7a Carvalho","family":"Fons\u00eaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"3236_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02536-x","volume":"67","author":"AIM Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ali AIM, Sandi S, Fariani A, Darussalam A (2023) Physiological changes and behavioral responses in heat-stressed goats under humid tropical environment. 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