{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:11:42Z","timestamp":1792782702270,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidade De S\u00e3o Paulo","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/036rp1748","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Climate change has intensified thermal challenges in livestock production systems, reinforcing the need to understand adaptive mechanisms in locally adapted breeds. This study aimed to characterize the seasonal adaptive profile of North Tinerfe\u00f1a goats, an autochthonous breed from the Canary Islands. Thirty adult non-pregnant female goats were evaluated under standardized management conditions. Repeated measurements of rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), and coat surface temperature (CST) were obtained twice daily, in the morning and afternoon, throughout a one-year study period encompassing winter and summer. Coat characteristics (coat thickness [CT], hair length [HL], hair diameter [HD], and hair angle) were measured once per day during winter and summer. Physiological variables were significantly affected by season and period of the day (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with a significant season \u00d7 period interaction for RR and CST (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Coat traits showed pronounced seasonal variation, with CT significantly greater in winter (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and HL significantly greater in summer (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas HD did not differ between seasons (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Multivariate analyses revealed distinct seasonal adaptive patterns, with CT and HL identified as the main discriminant variables between winter and summer (discriminant analysis,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Decision tree (CHAID) analysis identified coat thickness as the primary classifier of seasonal condition, with a threshold value of CT\u2009\u2264\u20098.7\u00a0mm predominantly characterizing summer (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). These findings demonstrate that North Tinerfe\u00f1a goats rely on integrated and season-dependent thermoregulatory strategies, in which morphological coat traits predominate during winter, while rapid and sensitive physiological responses are preferentially activated during summer to maintain homeothermy. This study provides novel phenotypic evidence of local adaptation and highlights the potential use of objective morphological thresholds, such as coat thickness, combined with simple physiological indicators, to support management and conservation strategies for insular goat breeds under climate change scenarios.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-026-03313-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:21:04Z","timestamp":1791282064000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal adaptive strategies of North Tinerfe\u00f1a goats in the Canary Islands, Spain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Wallace Sostene Tavares","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robson Mateus Freitas","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Alberto","family":"Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandr Torres","family":"Krupij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora Andr\u00e9a Evangelista","family":"Fa\u00e7anha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3313_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9030075","volume":"9","author":"H Berihulay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berihulay H, Abied A, He X, Jiang L, Ma Y (2019) Adaptation Mechanisms of Small Ruminants to Environmental Heat Stress. 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Veenman, Wageningen"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-026-03313-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-026-03313-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-026-03313-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:30:31Z","timestamp":1792661431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-026-03313-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-026-03313-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Semi-arid (UFERSA; process number: 23091003895\/2014\u201371) approved this experiment. All procedures were conducted in accordance with animal welfare guidelines. During data collection, animals were handled calmly and restrained only for the minimum time required to obtain the measurements, minimizing stress and discomfort.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors utilized ChatGPT to improve readability of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors carefully reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the publication's content.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"271"}}