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However, they have only focused on daytime heat exposure. Adverse health effects associated with nighttime heat exposure remain underexplored. This study demonstrated that nighttime heat exposure was associated with increased emergency hospitalizations for OHCA after adjustment for daytime temperature. The results also suggested higher nighttime heat-related risk of emergency hospitalization for OHCA among females and older adults living in northern areas. Lower penetration of air conditioners was associated with a higher risk of emergency hospitalization for OHCA due to nighttime heat exposure. Healthcare providers should be prepared to offer patients clear guidance on protective behaviors against nighttime heat exposure, especially for vulnerable individuals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Impact statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"283"}}