{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T09:37:07Z","timestamp":1792489027492,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Innsbruck and Medical University of Innsbruck"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease has chronic inflammatory components, which can be enhanced by systemic immune activation resulting in inflammation or vice versa<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>There is growing evidence that chronic periodontitis drives systemic inflammation and finally Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Thus, a\u00a0link might exist between oral pathogens and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. This may be of special significance as there is an age-related incidence of chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, 20\u00a0consecutive patients with probable Alzheimer\u2019s disease were investigated. Diagnosis was established by cognitive tests, routine laboratory tests and cerebral magnetic resonance tomography. In 35% of these patients with cognitive impairment pathogenic periodontal bacteria were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of<jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, the key pathogen and one of the species involved in chronic periodontitis, was found to be associated with lower mini mental state examination scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.05) and with a\u00a0tendency to lower scores in the clock drawing test (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.056). Furthermore, association between lower serum concentrations of the immune biomarker neopterin and the presence of<jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.01) as well as of kynurenine were found in Alzheimer patients positive vs. negative for<jats:italic>Tannerella forsytia<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data indicate a\u00a0possible association of specific periodontal pathogens with cognitive impairment,<jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Tannerella forsytia<\/jats:italic>may alter the host immune response in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Albeit still preliminary, findings of the study may point to a\u00a0possible role of an altered salivary microbiome as a\u00a0causal link between chronic periodontitis and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01638-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]],"date-time":"2020-03-25T10:02:35Z","timestamp":1585130555000},"page":"493-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Knock-on effect of periodontitis to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Friedrich","family":"Leblhuber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Huemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostja","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna M.","family":"Gostner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00336","volume":"24","author":"AB Pritchard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pritchard\u00a0AB, Crean\u00a0S, Olsen\u00a0I, Singhrao\u00a0SK. 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There was an error in Fig.\ufffd\ufffd2. The original article has been corrected. We apologize for the mistake.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The correct Fig.\ufffd\ufffd2 is given \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical guidelines"}},{"value":"F.\u00a0Leblhuber, J.\u00a0Huemer, K.\u00a0Steiner, J.M.\u00a0Gostner, and D.\u00a0Fuchs declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the criteria of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local ethics committee <dated 2017\/05\/11 by the Ethikkommittee des Landes Ober\u00f6sterreich, Studie Nr. I\u201124-16>. Human specimens were collected following an approved study protocol. The work does not report experiments involving animals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}