{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:24:44Z","timestamp":1786980284349,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common in the general population, affects the quality of life (QoL), and is suspected to cause depression. Long-term outcome data are lacking and there is a\u00a0need to improve patient counselling regarding prognosis. We aimed to assess subjective long-term recovery rates, the QoL, and mood disturbance in a\u00a0group of 65\u00a0patients, who were affected with OD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 325\u00a0patients treated for OD between 2003 and 2009\u00a0\u202fat a\u00a0smell and taste clinic, 65\u00a0patients were included for a\u00a0follow-up after an average of 8.6\u00a0years. A\u00a0total of 28\u00a0patients answered questionnaires only and 37\u00a0patients were provided with an additional smell identification test. Among others, questionnaires included a short form of the World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Beck\u2019s depression inventory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the long run, subjective improvement was stated in 33.8% of all patients, with the highest rate of 42.3% in patients with postinfectious OD. The subjective rating of olfactory function on a\u00a0visual analogue scale was significantly higher at study follow-up compared to first clinical contact (median 1.25 vs. 4.5; U\u202f=\u2009469.5,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.001), as were mean identification scores (6.0\u202f\u00b1\u20093.0 vs. 8.0\u202f\u00b1\u20094.0, t(18)\u202f=\u20092.51,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u20090.021). The QoL in general was considered reduced in 40% of all patients at follow-up. Furthermore, participants exhibited only minor, if any, depressive symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite negative effects of OD on certain activities in daily life, such as cooking, detecting spoiled food, or personal hygiene, it seems that the patients included in this study adapted to the OD in the long-term. The current findings should aid clinicians in patient counselling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-020-01751-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T07:02:27Z","timestamp":1603263747000},"page":"1004-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Long-term impact of olfactory dysfunction on daily life"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Alice B.","family":"Auinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerold","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David T.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertold","family":"Renner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1751_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200404000-00026","volume":"114","author":"A Br\u00e4merson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Br\u00e4merson\u00a0A, Johansson\u00a0L, Ek\u00a0L, Nordin\u00a0S, Bende\u00a0M. 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