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Verschiedene Ursachen wurden im Laufe zweier Jahrhunderte diskutiert. Anf\u00e4nglich hielt man starke Sonnenbestrahlung als Ursache von Ver\u00e4nderungen der Strukturen des K\u00f6rpers. Die \u201eZe\u00efsten\u201c waren der Meinung, der Mais als Hauptnahrungsmittel sei die Ursache der Pellagra, die also eine Mangelkrankheit sei. Dagegen meinten die \u201eToxikoze\u00efsten\u201c, in unreifem Mais oder in zwar reifem jedoch nicht gut getrocknetem oder in schlecht gelagertem Mais oder in schlecht aufbewahrtem Maismehl und ungen\u00fcgend gebackenem Maisbrot k\u00f6nnten durch harmlose Bakterien und Schimmelpilze giftige, pellagrogene Produkte gebildet werden. Andere Untersucher sahen die Pellagra als Ergebnis von allergischen Reaktionen. Kl\u00e4rung brachten Goldbergers Selbstversuche 1916 und schlie\u00dflich 1937 der Nachweis Elvehjems des Mangels von Niacin bei Maisern\u00e4hrung.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Im Kaisertum \u00d6sterreich bzw. (ab 1867) in \u00d6sterreich-Ungarn wurde die Pellagra in den k.k. Provinzen K\u00fcstenland, Tirol und Bukowina wie auch in Ungarn festgestellt und ab verschiedenen Zeiten bek\u00e4mpft. Noch im Glauben der Sch\u00e4dlichkeit von verdorbenem Mais in der armen Bev\u00f6lkerung wurden in Landesgesetzen von Tirol 1904, G\u00f6rz und Gradiska (K\u00fcstenland) 1909 und der Bukowina 1911 umf\u00e4ngliche Ma\u00dfnahmen verlangt. So sollten z.\u202fB. zur geregelten Versorgung der Bev\u00f6lkerung Speiseh\u00e4user, Maistrocken\u00f6fen, -lagerh\u00e4user und -magazine sowie \u00f6ffentliche Brotb\u00e4ckereien eingerichtet werden. Zur Behandlung Pellagrakranker waren Pellagrosarien und Notspit\u00e4ler zu errichten, die Zahl niedergelassener \u00c4rzte war zu erh\u00f6hen. Als wichtig wurde auch die Aufkl\u00e4rung der Bev\u00f6lkerung verlangt. Ein Pellagrafonds sollte die Ma\u00dfnahmen unterst\u00fctzen. Als beratendes und begutachtendes Organ wird eine Pellagrakommission unter Vorsitz des Statthalters mit zw\u00f6lf in ihrer Funktion festgelegten Mitgliedern eingesetzt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-021-01840-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T13:06:11Z","timestamp":1619010371000},"page":"1-21","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Die Pellagra\u00a0\u2013 vor 250\u00a0Jahren im Kaisertum \u00d6sterreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Heinz","family":"Flamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1840_CR1","unstructured":"Frapolli F. Animadversiones in morbum, vulgo pelagram. 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