{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:22:28Z","timestamp":1787066548613,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asthma und COPD sind die h\u00e4ufigsten obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen. Die chronische Inflammation bedingt eine Induktion von proinflammatorischen Zytokinkaskaden. Neben der systemischen Inflammation tragen Hypox\u00e4mie, Hyperkapnie, eine katabole Stoffwechsellage, eine gonadale oder eine Schilddr\u00fcsendysfunktion, eine muskuloskelettale Dysfunktion und Inaktivit\u00e4t sowie Vitamin D\u2011Mangel zu einem erh\u00f6hten Knochenbruchrisiko bei. Iatrogene Ursachen der Osteoporose sind die zum Teil langj\u00e4hrigen Anwendungen von inhalativen oder systemischen Glukokortikoiden (GC). Die inhalative GC Applikation bei Asthma ist oft schon im Kindes- und Jugendalter indiziert, aber auch interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen wie die chronisch organisierende Pneumonie, die Sarkoidose oder rheumatische Erkrankungen mit Lungenbeteiligung werden mit inhalativen oder oralen GC behandelt. Bei PatientInnen mit zystischer Fibrose kommt es durch die Malabsorption im Rahmen der Pankreasinsuffizienz, durch Hypogonadismus und chronische Inflammation mit erh\u00f6hter Knochenresorption zu einer Abnahme der Knochenstruktur. Nach Lungentransplantation ist die Immunsuppression mit GC ein Risikofaktor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Die pneumologischen Grunderkrankungen f\u00fchren zu einer Ver\u00e4nderung der trabekul\u00e4ren und kortikalen Mikroarchitektur des Knochens und zu einer Verminderung von osteologischen Formations- und Resorptionsmarkern. Hyperkapnie, Azidose und Vitamin D\u2011Mangel k\u00f6nnen diesen Prozess beschleunigen und somit das individuelle Risiko f\u00fcr osteoporotische Fragilit\u00e4tsfrakturen erh\u00f6hen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Eine Knochendichtemessung mit einem T\u2011Score\u202f&lt;\u2009\u22122,5 ist ein Schwellenwert zur Diagnose der Osteoporose, die \u00fcberwiegende Mehrzahl aller osteoporotischen Frakturen tritt bei einem T\u2011Score von\u202f&gt;\u2009\u22122,5 auf. Eine niedrig-traumatische Fraktur in der Anamnese indiziert eine osteologische Therapie.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Neben der Optimierung des Vitamin D\u2011Spiegels sind s\u00e4mtliche in \u00d6sterreich zur Behandlung der Osteoporose zugelassenen antiresorptiv oder anabol wirksamen Medikamente auch bei pneumologischen PatientInnen mit einem erh\u00f6hten Knochenbruchrisiko entsprechend der nationalen Erstattungskriterien indiziert.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-021-01896-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T03:02:38Z","timestamp":1623812558000},"page":"155-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Osteoporose bei pneumologischen Erkrankungen","Osteoporosis in pneumological diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Muschitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf Harun","family":"Zwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Haschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Peter","family":"Dimai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Rauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Amrein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wakolbinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Jaksch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernst","family":"Eber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pietschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1896_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"843","author":"WHO","year":"1994","unstructured":"WHO. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a\u00a0WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1994;843:1\u2013129.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2006.05.004","volume":"9","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leslie\u00a0WD, Adler\u00a0RA, El-Hajj Fuleihan\u00a0G, Hodsman\u00a0AB, Kendler\u00a0DL, McClung\u00a0M, et al. Application of the 1994 WHO classification to populations other than postmenopausal Caucasian women: the 2005 ISCD official positions. J\u00a0Clin Densitom. 2006;9(1):22\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.12.4.436","volume":"12","author":"SE Painter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Painter\u00a0SE, Kleerekoper\u00a0M, Camacho\u00a0PM. Secondary osteoporosis: a\u00a0review of the recent evidence. Endocr Pract. 2006;12(4):436\u201345.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R131","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0118","volume":"173","author":"F Mirza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirza\u00a0F, Canalis\u00a0E. Management of endocrine disease: Secondary osteoporosis: pathophysiology and management. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;173(3):R131\u201351.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1896_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64s","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00004609","volume":"46","author":"AA Ionescu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ionescu\u00a0AA, Schoon\u00a0E. Osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J Suppl. 2003;46:64s\u201375s.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00058204","volume":"25","author":"F de Vries","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Vries\u00a0F, van Staa\u00a0TP, Bracke\u00a0MS, Cooper\u00a0C, Leufkens\u00a0HG, Lammers\u00a0JW. Severity of obstructive airway disease and risk of osteoporotic fracture. Eur Respir\u00a0J. 2005;25(5):879\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050063","volume":"8","author":"C Schlaich","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schlaich\u00a0C, Minne\u00a0HW, Bruckner\u00a0T, Wagner\u00a0G, Gebest\u00a0HJ, Grunze\u00a0M, et\u00a0al. Reduced pulmonary function in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(3):261\u20137.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.257","volume":"26","author":"L Graat-Verboom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graat-Verboom\u00a0L, van den Borne\u00a0BE, Smeenk\u00a0FW, Spruit\u00a0MA, Wouters\u00a0EF. Osteoporosis in COPD outpatients based on bone mineral density and vertebral fractures. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(3):561\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-125031","volume":"72","author":"C Vogelmeier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vogelmeier\u00a0C, Buhl\u00a0R, Burghuber\u00a0O, Criee\u00a0CP, Ewig\u00a0S, Godnic-Cvar\u00a0J, et al. Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD Patients\u2014Issued by the German Respiratory Society and the German Atemwegsliga in Cooperation with the Austrian Society of Pneumology. Pneumologie. 2018;72(4):253\u2013308.","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2019.06.036","volume":"156","author":"YW Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen\u00a0YW, Ramsook\u00a0AH, Coxson\u00a0HO, Bon\u00a0J, Reid\u00a0WD. Prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis in individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2019;156(6):1092\u2013110.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763612","DOI":"10.1080\/20018525.2020.1763612","volume":"7","author":"I Kumarathas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumarathas\u00a0I, Harslof\u00a0T, Andersen\u00a0CU, Langdahl\u00a0B, Hilberg\u00a0O, Bjermer\u00a0L, et\u00a0al. The risk of osteoporosis in patients with asthma. Eur Clin Respir\u00a0J. 2020;7(1):1763612.","journal-title":"Eur Clin Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215664","volume":"76","author":"CV Chalitsios","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chalitsios\u00a0CV, Shaw\u00a0DE, McKeever\u00a0TM. Risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in asthma due to oral and inhaled corticosteroids: two population-based nested case-control studies. Thorax. 2021;76(1):21\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1896_CR13","unstructured":"Asthma GIf. 2020. www.ginasthma.org. Zugegriffen: 23.05.2021."},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1120-3531","volume":"74","author":"J Behr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behr\u00a0J, Gunther\u00a0A, Bonella\u00a0F, Dinkel\u00a0J, Fink\u00a0L, Geiser\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. German guideline for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Pneumologie. 2020;74(5):263\u201393.","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2009-040GL","volume":"183","author":"G Raghu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raghu\u00a0G, Collard\u00a0HR, Egan\u00a0JJ, Martinez\u00a0FJ, Behr\u00a0J, Brown\u00a0KK, et al. An official ATS\/ERS\/JRS\/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(6):788\u2013824.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.434","volume":"118","author":"CS Haworth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haworth\u00a0CS, Webb\u00a0AK, Egan\u00a0JJ, Selby\u00a0PL, Hasleton\u00a0PS, Bishop\u00a0PW, et\u00a0al. Bone histomorphometry in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2000;118(2):434\u20139.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1896_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2019.08.017","volume":"18","author":"MS Putman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Putman\u00a0MS, Anabtawi\u00a0A, Le\u00a0T, Tangpricha\u00a0V, Sermet-Gaudelus\u00a0I. Cystic fibrosis bone disease treatment: current knowledge and future directions. J\u00a0Cyst Fibros. 2019;18(Suppl 2):S56\u2013S65.","journal-title":"J Cyst Fibros"},{"issue":"9","key":"1896_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.88","volume":"25","author":"CA Kulak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kulak\u00a0CA, Borba\u00a0VC, Jorgetti\u00a0V, Dos Reis\u00a0LM, Liu\u00a0XS, Kimmel\u00a0DB, et\u00a0al. Skeletal microstructural abnormalities in postmenopausal women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2010;25(9):1931\u201340.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-014-9868-9","volume":"70","author":"W Xiaomei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiaomei\u00a0W, Hang\u00a0X, Lingling\u00a0L, Xuejun\u00a0L. Bone metabolism status and associated risk factors in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cell Biochem Biophys. 2014;70(1):129\u201334.","journal-title":"Cell Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"1896_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.10.017","volume":"120","author":"M Tsukamoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsukamoto\u00a0M, Mori\u00a0T, Wang\u00a0KY, Okada\u00a0Y, Fukuda\u00a0H, Naito\u00a0K, et al. Systemic bone loss, impaired osteogenic activity and type I muscle fiber atrophy in mice with elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema: establishment of a\u00a0COPD-related osteoporosis mouse model. Bone. 2019;120:114\u201324.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000431091","volume":"62","author":"P Pietschmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pietschmann\u00a0P, Mechtcheriakova\u00a0D, Meshcheryakova\u00a0A, Foger-Samwald\u00a0U, Ellinger\u00a0I. Immunology of osteoporosis: a mini-review. Gerontology. 2016;62(2):128\u201337.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"1896_CR22","first-page":"1017","volume":"19","author":"U Foger-Samwald","year":"2020","unstructured":"Foger-Samwald\u00a0U, Dovjak\u00a0P, Azizi-Semrad\u00a0U, Kerschan-Schindl\u00a0K, Pietschmann\u00a0P. Osteoporosis: pathophysiology and therapeutic options. EXCLI\u00a0J. 2020;19:1017\u201337.","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1159\/000342426","volume":"160","author":"M Rauner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rauner\u00a0M, Sipos\u00a0W, Thiele\u00a0S, Pietschmann\u00a0P. Advances in osteoimmunology: pathophysiologic concepts and treatment opportunities. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;160(2):114\u201325.","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/15412555.2010.482114","volume":"7","author":"JM Bon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bon\u00a0JM, Zhang\u00a0Y, Duncan\u00a0SR, Pilewski\u00a0JM, Zaldonis\u00a0D, Zeevi\u00a0A, et\u00a0al. Plasma inflammatory mediators associated with bone metabolism in COPD. COPD. 2010;7(3):186\u201391.","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.11.2132","volume":"16","author":"HP Dimai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dimai\u00a0HP, Domej\u00a0W, Leb\u00a0G, Lau\u00a0KH. Bone loss in patients with untreated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mediated by an increase in bone resorption associated with hypercapnia. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2001;16(11):2132\u201341.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1896_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00222","volume":"7","author":"FL Yuan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yuan\u00a0FL, Xu\u00a0MH, Li\u00a0X, Xinlong\u00a0H, Fang\u00a0W, Dong\u00a0J. The roles of acidosis in osteoclast biology. Front Physiol. 2016;7:222.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0890-5","volume":"20","author":"CB Franco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Franco\u00a0CB, Paz-Filho\u00a0G, Gomes\u00a0PE, Nascimento\u00a0VB, Kulak\u00a0CA, Boguszewski\u00a0CL, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with osteoporosis and low levels of vitamin D. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(11):1881\u20137.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"1896_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200108","volume":"13","author":"TP van Staa","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Staa\u00a0TP, Leufkens\u00a0HG, Cooper\u00a0C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a\u00a0meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13(10):777\u201387.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"1896_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147997311983828","DOI":"10.1177\/1479973119838280","volume":"16","author":"YP Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang\u00a0YP, Lai\u00a0CH, Lin\u00a0CY, Chang\u00a0YC, Lin\u00a0MC, Chong\u00a0IW, et al. Mortality and vertebral fracture risk associated with long-term oral steroid use in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Chron Respir Dis. 2019;16:1479973119838280.","journal-title":"Chron Respir Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11283","volume":"48","author":"TP Van Staa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Staa\u00a0TP, Laan\u00a0RF, Barton\u00a0IP, Cohen\u00a0S, Reid\u00a0DM, Cooper\u00a0C. Bone density threshold and other predictors of vertebral fracture in patients receiving oral glucocorticoid therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(11):3224\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0990","volume":"145","author":"CA O\u2019Brien","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien\u00a0CA, Jia\u00a0D, Plotkin\u00a0LI, Bellido\u00a0T, Powers\u00a0CC, Stewart\u00a0SA, et\u00a0al. Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoblasts and osteocytes to induce their apoptosis and reduce bone formation and strength. Endocrinology. 2004;145(4):1835\u201341.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.05.005","volume":"11","author":"A Rauch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rauch\u00a0A, Seitz\u00a0S, Baschant\u00a0U, Schilling\u00a0AF, Illing\u00a0A, Stride\u00a0B, et\u00a0al. Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation by attenuating osteoblast differentiation via the monomeric glucocorticoid receptor. Cell Metab. 2010;11(6):517\u201331.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0456","volume":"152","author":"M Rauner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rauner\u00a0M, Goettsch\u00a0C, Stein\u00a0N, Thiele\u00a0S, Bornhaeuser\u00a0M, De Bosscher\u00a0K, et\u00a0al. Dissociation of osteogenic and immunological effects by the selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist, compound A, in human bone marrow stromal cells. Endocrinology. 2011;152(1):103\u201312.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28084","volume":"116","author":"HJ Kim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kim\u00a0HJ, Zhao\u00a0H, Kitaura\u00a0H, Bhattacharyya\u00a0S, Brewer\u00a0JA, Muglia\u00a0LJ, et\u00a0al. Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation via the osteoclast. J\u00a0Clin Invest. 2006;116(8):2152\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2009.00545.x","volume":"9","author":"RS Weinstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weinstein\u00a0RS, Wan\u00a0C, Liu\u00a0Q, Wang\u00a0Y, Almeida\u00a0M, O\u2019Brien\u00a0CA, et\u00a0al. Endogenous glucocorticoids decrease skeletal angiogenesis, vascularity, hydration, and strength in aged mice. Aging Cell. 2010;9(2):147\u201361.","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"1896_CR36","first-page":"CD002991","volume":"7","author":"IA Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang\u00a0IA, Clarke\u00a0MS, Sim\u00a0EH, Fong\u00a0KM. Inhaled corticosteroids for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;7:CD2991.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"20","key":"1896_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.717","volume":"300","author":"MB Drummond","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drummond\u00a0MB, Dasenbrook\u00a0EC, Pitz\u00a0MW, Murphy\u00a0DJ, Fan\u00a0E. Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(20):2407\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2011.160028","volume":"66","author":"YK Loke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loke\u00a0YK, Cavallazzi\u00a0R, Singh\u00a0S. Risk of fractures with inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Thorax. 2011;66(8):699\u2013708.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"12","key":"1896_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1349OC","volume":"170","author":"PD Scanlon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scanlon\u00a0PD, Connett\u00a0JE, Wise\u00a0RA, Tashkin\u00a0DP, Madhok\u00a0T, Skeans\u00a0M, et\u00a0al. Loss of bone density with inhaled triamcinolone in Lung Health Study II. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(12):1302\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"1896_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432601","volume":"343","author":"R Wise","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lung Health Study Research Group, Wise\u00a0R, Connett\u00a0J, Weinmann\u00a0G, Scanlon\u00a0P, Skeans\u00a0M. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N\u00a0Engl J Med. 2000;343(26):1902\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-017-0854-3","volume":"36","author":"PA Goncalves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goncalves\u00a0PA, Dos Santos Neves\u00a0R, Neto\u00a0LV, Madeira\u00a0M, Guimaraes\u00a0FS, Mendonca\u00a0LMC, et\u00a0al. Inhaled glucocorticoids are associated with vertebral fractures in COPD patients. J\u00a0Bone Miner Metab. 2018;36(4):454\u201361.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-016-0308-1","volume":"14","author":"SA Sutter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sutter\u00a0SA, Stein\u00a0EM. The skeletal effects of inhaled glucocorticoids. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2016;14(3):106\u201313.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"1896_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203229","volume":"367","author":"HW Kelly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelly\u00a0HW, Sternberg\u00a0AL, Lescher\u00a0R, Fuhlbrigge\u00a0AL, Williams\u00a0P, Zeiger\u00a0RS, et\u00a0al. Effect of inhaled glucocorticoids in childhood on adult height. N\u00a0Engl J Med. 2012;367(10):904\u201312.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22968","volume":"50","author":"VH Sidoroff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sidoroff\u00a0VH, Ylinen\u00a0MK, Kroger\u00a0LM, Kroger\u00a0HP, Korppi\u00a0MO. Inhaled corticosteroids and bone mineral density at school age: a\u00a0follow-up study after early childhood wheezing. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015;50(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20295","volume":"62","author":"JM Grossman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grossman\u00a0JM, Gordon\u00a0R, Ranganath\u00a0VK, Deal\u00a0C, Caplan\u00a0L, Chen\u00a0W, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(11):1515\u201326.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090809","volume":"25","author":"Y Taes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Taes\u00a0Y, Lapauw\u00a0B, Vanbillemont\u00a0G, Bogaert\u00a0V, De Bacquer\u00a0D, Goemaere\u00a0S, et\u00a0al. Early smoking is associated with peak bone mass and prevalent fractures in young, healthy men. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2010;25(2):379\u201387.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1640-3","volume":"16","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kanis\u00a0JA, Johnell\u00a0O, Oden\u00a0A, Johansson\u00a0H, De Laet\u00a0C, Eisman\u00a0JA, et al. Smoking and fracture risk: a\u00a0meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2005;16(2):155\u201362.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"1896_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.04.008","volume":"46","author":"GS Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen\u00a0GS, Li\u00a0Y, Zhao\u00a0G, Zhou\u00a0HB, Xie\u00a0ZG, Xu\u00a0W, et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of hip fracture in women: a\u00a0meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Injury. 2015;46(7):1333\u201340.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1896_CR49","unstructured":"Leitlinie D. https:\/\/dv-osteologie.org\/osteoporose-leitlinien. Zugegriffen: 20.05.2021."},{"key":"1896_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3427","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3427","volume":"344","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox\u00a0J, Coupland\u00a0C. Derivation and validation of updated QFracture algorithm to predict risk of osteoporotic fracture in primary care in the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344:e3427.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0770-4","volume":"20","author":"R Nuti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nuti\u00a0R, Siviero\u00a0P, Maggi\u00a0S, Guglielmi\u00a0G, Caffarelli\u00a0C, Crepaldi\u00a0G, et\u00a0al. Vertebral fractures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the EOLO Study. Osteoporos Int. 2009;20(6):989\u201398.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-1076-x","volume":"21","author":"TT Dam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dam\u00a0TT, Harrison\u00a0S, Fink\u00a0HA, Ramsdell\u00a0J, Barrett-Connor\u00a0E. Bone mineral density and fractures in older men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Osteoporos Int. 2010;21(8):1341\u20139.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2009.09.013","volume":"104","author":"SR Majumdar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Majumdar\u00a0SR, Villa-Roel\u00a0C, Lyons\u00a0KJ, Rowe\u00a0BH. Prevalence and predictors of vertebral fracture in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med. 2010;104(2):260\u20136.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514542358","volume":"29","author":"S Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu\u00a0S, Zhu\u00a0Y, Chen\u00a0W, Sun\u00a0T, Cheng\u00a0J, Zhang\u00a0Y. Risk factors for the second contralateral hip fracture in elderly patients: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2015;29(3):285\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"1896_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.02.017","volume":"89","author":"TM Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu\u00a0TM, Lin\u00a0CL, Chang\u00a0SN, Sung\u00a0FC, Huang\u00a0ST, Kao\u00a0CH. Osteoporosis and fractures after solid organ transplantation: a\u00a0nationwide population-based cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(7):888\u201395.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"1896_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092941","volume":"9","author":"C Caffarelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caffarelli\u00a0C, Tomai Pitinca\u00a0MD, Alessandri\u00a0M, Cameli\u00a0P, Bargagli\u00a0E, Bennett\u00a0D, et\u00a0al. Timing of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in lung and heart transplantation: a longitudinal study. J\u00a0Clin Med. 2020;9(9):2941.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-6143.2002.020208.x","volume":"2","author":"O Tschopp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tschopp\u00a0O, Boehler\u00a0A, Speich\u00a0R, Weder\u00a0W, Seifert\u00a0B, Russi\u00a0EW, et\u00a0al. Osteoporosis before lung transplantation: association with low body mass index, but not with underlying disease. Am J Transplant. 2002;2(2):167\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1896_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-15-S2-68","volume":"15","author":"D Jastrzebski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jastrzebski\u00a0D, Lutogniewska\u00a0W, Ochman\u00a0M, Margas\u00a0A, Kowalski\u00a0K, Wyrwol\u00a0J, et\u00a0al. Osteoporosis in patients referred for lung transplantation. Eur J Med Res. 2010;15(Suppl 2):68\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2007.09.001","volume":"22","author":"M Bia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bia\u00a0M. Evaluation and management of bone disease and fractures post transplant. Transplant Rev (Orlando). 2008;22(1):52\u201361.","journal-title":"Transplant Rev (Orlando)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09112378","volume":"9","author":"SL Ferrari","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ferrari\u00a0SL, Nicod\u00a0LP, Hamacher\u00a0J, Spiliopoulos\u00a0A, Slosman\u00a0DO, Rochat\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. Osteoporosis in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Eur Respir\u00a0J. 1996;9(11):2378\u201382.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199907270-00010","volume":"68","author":"E Shane","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shane\u00a0E, Papadopoulos\u00a0A, Staron\u00a0RB, Addesso\u00a0V, Donovan\u00a0D, McGregor\u00a0C, et\u00a0al. Bone loss and fracture after lung transplantation. Transplantation. 1999;68(2):220\u20137.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.2.476","volume":"117","author":"A Spira","year":"2000","unstructured":"Spira\u00a0A, Gutierrez\u00a0C, Chaparro\u00a0C, Hutcheon\u00a0MA, Chan\u00a0CK. Osteoporosis and lung transplantation: a\u00a0prospective study. Chest. 2000;117(2):476\u201381.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2006.11.004","volume":"26","author":"RW Braith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Braith\u00a0RW, Conner\u00a0JA, Fulton\u00a0MN, Lisor\u00a0CF, Casey\u00a0DP, Howe\u00a0KS, et\u00a0al. Comparison of alendronate vs alendronate plus mechanical loading as prophylaxis for osteoporosis in lung transplant recipients: a\u00a0pilot study. J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26(2):132\u20137.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000076471.25132.52","volume":"76","author":"MJ Mitchell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mitchell\u00a0MJ, Baz\u00a0MA, Fulton\u00a0MN, Lisor\u00a0CF, Braith\u00a0RW. Resistance training prevents vertebral osteoporosis in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2003;76(3):557\u201362.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"8","key":"1896_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(00)00132-7","volume":"19","author":"A Trombetti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trombetti\u00a0A, Gerbase\u00a0MW, Spiliopoulos\u00a0A, Slosman\u00a0DO, Nicod\u00a0LP, Rizzoli\u00a0R. Bone mineral density in lung-transplant recipients before and after graft: prevention of lumbar spine post-transplantation-accelerated bone loss by pamidronate. J\u00a0Heart Lung Transplant. 2000;19(8):736\u201343.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"1896_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00162","volume":"9","author":"J Brunova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brunova\u00a0J, Kratochvilova\u00a0S, Stepankova\u00a0J. Osteoporosis therapy with denosumab in organ transplant recipients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:162.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1896_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1873","volume":"28","author":"EA Romme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Romme\u00a0EA, Murchison\u00a0JT, Edwards\u00a0LD, van Beek\u00a0E Jr., Murchison\u00a0DM, Rutten\u00a0EP, et al. CT-measured bone attenuation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relation to clinical features and outcomes. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(6):1369\u201377.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1896_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0131-0","volume":"15","author":"A Malinovschi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malinovschi\u00a0A, Masoero\u00a0M, Bellocchia\u00a0M, Ciuffreda\u00a0A, Solidoro\u00a0P, Mattei\u00a0A, et\u00a0al. Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with frequent exacerbations and hospitalization in COPD patients. Respir Res. 2014;15:131.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"1896_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S129213","volume":"12","author":"S Pascual-Guardia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pascual-Guardia\u00a0S, Badenes-Bonet\u00a0D, Martin-Ontiyuelo\u00a0C, Zuccarino\u00a0F, Marin-Corral\u00a0J, Rodriguez\u00a0A, et al. Hospital admissions and mortality in patients with COPD exacerbations and vertebral body compression fractures. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:1837\u201345.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.061202","volume":"22","author":"RA Harrison","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrison\u00a0RA, Siminoski\u00a0K, Vethanayagam\u00a0D, Majumdar\u00a0SR. Osteoporosis-related kyphosis and impairments in pulmonary function: a\u00a0systematic review. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(3):447\u201357.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206440","volume":"70","author":"SE Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones\u00a0SE, Maddocks\u00a0M, Kon\u00a0SS, Canavan\u00a0JL, Nolan\u00a0CM, Clark\u00a0AL, et\u00a0al. Sarcopenia in COPD: prevalence, clinical correlates and response to pulmonary rehabilitation. Thorax. 2015;70(3):213\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030710","volume":"9","author":"Z Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji\u00a0Z, de Miguel-Diez\u00a0J, Castro-Riera\u00a0CR, Bellon-Cano\u00a0JM, Gallo-Gonzalez\u00a0V, Giron-Matute\u00a0WI, et al. Differences in the outcome of patients with COPD according to body mass index. J\u00a0Clin Med. 2020;9(3):710.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"1896_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.6.9705017","volume":"157","author":"AM Schols","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schols\u00a0AM, Slangen\u00a0J, Volovics\u00a0L, Wouters\u00a0EF. Weight loss is a\u00a0reversible factor in the prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(6 Pt 1):1791\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3455-9","volume":"27","author":"MA Amiche","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amiche\u00a0MA, Albaum\u00a0JM, Tadrous\u00a0M, Pechlivanoglou\u00a0P, Levesque\u00a0LE, Adachi\u00a0JD, et al. Fracture risk in oral glucocorticoid users: a\u00a0Bayesian meta-regression leveraging control arms of osteoporosis clinical trials. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(5):1709\u201318.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1896_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0202-z","volume":"74","author":"K Mattishent","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mattishent\u00a0K, Thavarajah\u00a0M, Blanco\u00a0P, Gilbert\u00a0D, Wilson\u00a0AM, Loke\u00a0YK. Meta-review: adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids relevant to older patients. Drugs. 2014;74(5):539\u201347.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000515","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00515-2020","volume":"57","author":"C Janson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janson\u00a0C, Lisspers\u00a0K, Stallberg\u00a0B, Johansson\u00a0G, Gutzwiller\u00a0FS, Mezzi\u00a0K, et\u00a0al. Osteoporosis and fracture risk associated with inhaled corticosteroid use among Swedish COPD patients: the ARCTIC study. Eur Respir\u00a0J. 2021;57(2):2000515.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1896_CR77","unstructured":"Arznei&Vernunft. www.arzneiundvernunft.at. Zugegriffen: 14.05.2021."},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-013-2384-8","volume":"24","author":"R Dufour","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dufour\u00a0R, Winzenrieth\u00a0R, Heraud\u00a0A, Hans\u00a0D, Mehsen\u00a0N. Generation and validation of a\u00a0normative, age-specific reference curve for lumbar spine trabecular bone score (TBS) in French women. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(11):2837\u201346.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.01.006","volume":"16","author":"WD eslie","year":"2013","unstructured":"eslie\u00a0WD, Krieg\u00a0MA, Hans\u00a0D. Clinical factors associated with trabecular bone score. J\u00a0Clin Densitom. 2013;16(3):374\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4314-7","volume":"29","author":"R Watanabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Watanabe\u00a0R, Tai\u00a0N, Hirano\u00a0J, Ban\u00a0Y, Inoue\u00a0D, Okazaki\u00a0R. Independent association of bone mineral density and trabecular bone score to vertebral fracture in male subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Osteoporos Int. 2018;29(3):615\u201323.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"1896_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1947","volume":"28","author":"EA Romme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Romme\u00a0EA, Rutten\u00a0EP, Geusens\u00a0P, de Jong\u00a0JJ, van Rietbergen\u00a0B, Smeenk\u00a0FW, et\u00a0al. Bone stiffness and failure load are related with clinical parameters in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 2013;28(10):2186\u201393.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"1896_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S242009","volume":"15","author":"J Recio Iglesias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Recio Iglesias\u00a0J, Diez-Manglano\u00a0J, Lopez Garcia\u00a0F, Diaz Peromingo\u00a0JA, Almagro\u00a0P, Varela Aguilar\u00a0JM. Management of the COPD patient with comorbidities: an experts recommendation document. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;15:1015\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"1896_CR83","series-title":"SIGN publication","volume-title":"Management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures","author":"SIGN","year":"2020","unstructured":"SIGN. Management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures. SIGN publication, Bd. 142. Edinburgh: SIGN; 2020."},{"key":"1896_CR84","unstructured":"FRAX. www.sheffield.ac.uk\/FRAX. Zugegriffen: 14.05.2021."},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.120873","volume":"103","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cashman\u00a0KD, Dowling\u00a0KG, Skrabakova\u00a0Z, Gonzalez-Gross\u00a0M, Valtuena\u00a0J, De Henauw\u00a0S, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in Europe: pandemic? Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103(4):1033\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1867OC","volume":"202","author":"DA Jolliffe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jolliffe\u00a0DA, Stefanidis\u00a0C, Wang\u00a0Z, Kermani\u00a0NZ, Dimitrov\u00a0V, White\u00a0JH, et\u00a0al. Vitamin D metabolism is dysregulated in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(3):371\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0558-y","volume":"74","author":"K Amrein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amrein\u00a0K, Scherkl\u00a0M, Hoffmann\u00a0M, Neuwersch-Sommeregger\u00a0S, Kostenberger\u00a0M, Tmava Berisha\u00a0A, et al. Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(11):1498\u2013513.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1896_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.14.20152728","author":"DA Jolliffe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jolliffe\u00a0DA, Camargo\u00a0CA, Sluyter\u00a0JD, Aglipay\u00a0M, Aloia\u00a0JF, Ganmaa\u00a0D, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials. medRxiv. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.14.20152728.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"1896_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i6583","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i6583","volume":"356","author":"AR Martineau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martineau\u00a0AR, Jolliffe\u00a0DA, Hooper\u00a0RL, Greenberg\u00a0L, Aloia\u00a0JF, Bergman\u00a0P, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017;356:i6583.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"1896_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30306-5","volume":"5","author":"DA Jolliffe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jolliffe\u00a0DA, Greenberg\u00a0L, Hooper\u00a0RL, Griffiths\u00a0CJ, Camargo\u00a0CA Jr., Kerley\u00a0CP, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent asthma exacerbations: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(11):881\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-212092","volume":"74","author":"DA Jolliffe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jolliffe\u00a0DA, Greenberg\u00a0L, Hooper\u00a0RL, Mathyssen\u00a0C, Rafiq\u00a0R, de Jongh\u00a0RT, et al. Vitamin\u00a0D to prevent exacerbations of COPD: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Thorax. 2019;74(4):337\u201345.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004234","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.04234-2020","volume":"57","author":"AA Faniyi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faniyi\u00a0AA, Lugg\u00a0ST, Faustini\u00a0SE, Webster\u00a0C, Duffy\u00a0JE, Hewison\u00a0M, et al. Vitamin\u00a0D status and seroconversion for COVID-19 in UK healthcare workers. Eur Respir\u00a0J. 2020; 57(4):2004234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.04234-2020.","journal-title":"Eur Respir\u00a0J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1896_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1343","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa733","volume":"106","author":"JL Hernandez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hernandez JL, Nan D, Fernandez-Ayala M, Garcia-Unzueta M, Hernandez-Hernandez MA, Lopez-Hoyos M, et al. Vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with SARS-coV\u20112 infection. J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 106(3):e1343\u2013e1353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa733.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1896_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105771","volume":"204","author":"C Annweiler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Annweiler\u00a0C, Hanotte\u00a0B, Grandin de l\u2019Eprevier\u00a0C, Sabatier\u00a0JM, Lafaie\u00a0L, Celarier\u00a0T. Vitamin D and survival in COVID-19 patients: a quasi-experimental study. J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020;204:105771.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"1896_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105751","volume":"203","author":"M Entrenas Castillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Entrenas Castillo\u00a0M, Entrenas Costa\u00a0LM, Vaquero Barrios\u00a0JM, Alcala Diaz\u00a0JF, Lopez Miranda\u00a0J, Bouillon\u00a0R, et al. Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a pilot randomized clinical study. J\u00a0Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2020;203:105751.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"1896_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rastogi A, Bhansali A, Khare N, Suri V, Yaddanapudi N, Sachdeva N, et al. Short term, high-dose vitamin D supplementation for COVID-19 disease: a\u00a0randomised, placebo-controlled, study (SHADE study). Postgrad Med\u00a0J. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139065.","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139065"},{"key":"1896_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.11.16.20232397","author":"IH Murai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Murai\u00a0IH, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation vs placebo on hospital length of stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. medRxiv. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.11.16.20232397.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"1896_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.01.005","volume":"148","author":"N Kameyama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kameyama\u00a0N, Chubachi\u00a0S, Sasaki\u00a0M, Tsutsumi\u00a0A, Irie\u00a0H, Sakurai\u00a0K, et\u00a0al. Predictive and modifying factors of bone mineral density decline in patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2019;148:13\u201323.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-017-0336-1","volume":"12","author":"S Ishiguro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ishiguro\u00a0S, Ito\u00a0K, Nakagawa\u00a0S, Hataji\u00a0O, Sudo\u00a0A. The clinical benefits of denosumab for prophylaxis of steroid-induced osteoporosis in patients with pulmonary disease. Arch Osteoporos. 2017;12(1):44.","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"1896_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.10.001","volume":"120","author":"E Tsourdi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsourdi\u00a0E, Makras\u00a0P, Rachner\u00a0TD, Polyzos\u00a0S, Rauner\u00a0M, Mandanas\u00a0S, et\u00a0al. Denosumab effects on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass with or without previous treatment. Bone. 2019;120:44\u20139.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"15","key":"1896_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1708322","volume":"377","author":"KG Saag","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saag\u00a0KG, Petersen\u00a0J, Brandi\u00a0ML, Karaplis\u00a0AC, Lorentzon\u00a0M, Thomas\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. Romosozumab or alendronate for fracture prevention in women with osteoporosis. N\u00a0Engl J Med. 2017;377(15):1417\u201327.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1896_CR102","volume-title":"Kompendium Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation: Diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte","author":"K Kerschan-Schindl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kerschan-Schindl\u00a0K, Preisinger\u00a0E. Rehabilitation bei Osteoporose. In: Crevenna\u00a0R, Hrsg. Kompendium Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation: Diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2017."},{"key":"1896_CR103","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Rehabilitation in Orthop\u00e4die und Unfallchirurgie","author":"A Peters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peters\u00a0A, Friebe\u00a0H. Osteoporose: Diagnostik \u2013 Pr\u00e4vention \u2013 Therapie. In: Stein\u00a0V, Greitemann\u00a0B, Hrsg. Rehabilitation in Orthop\u00e4die und Unfallchirurgie. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2015. S.\u00a0246\u201357."},{"key":"1896_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2019.100217","volume":"11","author":"K Shigenobu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shigenobu\u00a0K, Hashimoto\u00a0T, Kanayama\u00a0M, Ohha\u00a0H, Yamane\u00a0S. The efficacy of osteoporotic treatment in patients with new spinal vertebral compression fracture pain, ADL, QOL, bone metabolism and fracture-healing\u2014In comparison with weekly teriparatide with bisphosphonate. Bone Rep. 2019;11:100217.","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1896_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-020-00560-w","volume":"21","author":"F Gimigliano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gimigliano\u00a0F, Liguori\u00a0S, Moretti\u00a0A, Toro\u00a0G, Rauch\u00a0A, Negrini\u00a0S, et\u00a0al. Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for adults with fractures: identification of best evidence for rehabilitation to develop the WHO\u2019s Package of Interventions for Rehabilitation. J\u00a0Orthop Traumatol. 2020;21(1):20.","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"1896_CR106","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Rehabilitation in Orthop\u00e4die und Unfallchirurgie","author":"J Heisel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heisel\u00a0J. Spezifische Behandlungsstrategien in der orthop\u00e4disch- traumatologischen Rehabilitation. In: Stein\u00a0V, Greitemann\u00a0B, Hrsg. Rehabilitation in Orthop\u00e4die und Unfallchirurgie. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2015. S. 137\u201370."},{"key":"1896_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49035-8_4","volume-title":"Kompendium Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation: Diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte","author":"K Pils","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pils\u00a0K. Rehabilitation in der Geriatrie. In: Crevenna\u00a0R, Hrsg. Kompendium Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation: Diagnostische und therapeutische Konzepte. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2017. S.\u00a045\u201356."},{"key":"1896_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49035-8_21","volume-title":"Kompendium Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation","author":"K Pieber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pieber\u00a0K. Rehabilitation bei Sportverletzungen. In: Crevenna\u00a0R, Hrsg. Kompendium Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer; 2017. S.\u00a0279\u201390."},{"key":"1896_CR109","volume-title":"Braddom\u2019s physical medicine and rehabilitation","author":"D Alfonso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alfonso\u00a0D, Allred\u00a0D, Eapen\u00a0B. Chronic medical conditions: pulmonary disease, organ transplantation, and diabetes. In: Braddom\u2019s physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2015."},{"issue":"4","key":"1896_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.18.05309-1","volume":"54","author":"A Oral","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oral\u00a0A, Juocevicius\u00a0A, Lukmann\u00a0A, Takac\u00a0P, Tederko\u00a0P, Haznere\u00a0I, et al. Evidence-based position paper on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) professional practice for people with respiratory conditions. The European PRM position (UEMS PRM Section). Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;54(4):624\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1896_CR111","first-page":"6","volume":"3","author":"A Lichtenschopf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lichtenschopf\u00a0A. Pneumologische Rehabilitation \u2013 Wo stehen wir? J\u00a0Pneumol. 2015;3(2):6\u201311.","journal-title":"J Pneumol"}],"container-title":["Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01896-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01896-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01896-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T21:22:44Z","timestamp":1675459364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01896-x"}},"subtitle":["Gemeinsame Leitlinie der \u00d6sterreichischen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Knochen und Mineralstoffwechsel (\u00d6GKM) und der \u00d6sterreichischen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Pneumologie (\u00d6GP)","Joint guideline of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (\u00d6GKM) and the Austrian Society for Pneumology (\u00d6GP)"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01896-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5325","1613-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5325","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 May 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"C.\u00a0Muschitz, R.H.\u00a0Zwick, J.\u00a0Haschka, H.P.\u00a0Dimai, M.\u00a0Rauner, K.\u00a0Amrein, R.\u00a0Wakolbinger, P.\u00a0Jaksch, E.\u00a0Eber und P.\u00a0Pietschmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}