{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T21:17:07Z","timestamp":1773523027848,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Klin Wochenschr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis is among the leading causes of death from infectious diseases and affects many organ systems, including the skeleton. Skeletal tuberculosis is an extrapulmonary stage of tuberculosis, which occurs after the early and post-primary pulmonary stages of the disease. The aim of our study was to assess the microarchitecture of historic dry bone samples of subjects who have died of tuberculosis documented by post-mortem examinations. These preparations date to the pre-antibiotic era, and were provided by the Pathological-Anatomical Collection in the \u201cFools Tower\u201d of the Natural History Museum Vienna (PASiN-NHM).<\/jats:p><jats:p>We investigated macerated samples of 20\u00a0vertebral bodies, 19\u00a0femoral heads, and 20\u00a0tibiae of a\u00a0total of 59\u00a0individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis from the nineteenth and early twentieth century. 10\u00a0femora and 10\u00a0tibiae from body donors that did not exhibit signs of infection and\u00a010 (unaffected) vertebrae kept at the PASiN-NHM were studied as controls. The affected regions of the bone samples (and the corresponding regions of the control bones) were analyzed by microcomputed tomography using a\u00a0Viscom\u00a0X 8060\u00a0II system. Obtained images were analyzed semi-quantitatively. In samples with tuberculosis, independent of the investigated skeletal region, trabecular defects and decreased trabecular thickness were observed. Cortical porosity was seen in affected vertebrae and tibia; in tuberculous tibiae (but not in the femora) cortical thickness was decreased. In half of the individuals, cortical sclerosis was present; signs of ankylosis were observed mainly at the femoral heads affected with tuberculosis. We conclude that a\u00a0combination of several alterations at the trabecular compartment could be suggestive of the presence of tuberculosis in historic skeletal remains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-022-02017-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:02:17Z","timestamp":1647810137000},"page":"449-457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Microarchitecture of historic bone samples with tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"Vekszler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Granner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Nebot Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Dockner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard W.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pretterklieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Teschler-Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6966-2892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Pietschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180225","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.180225","volume":"5","author":"D Surmik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Surmik\u00a0D, Szczygielski\u00a0T, Janiszewska\u00a0K, Rothschild\u00a0MB. Tuberculosis-like respiratory infection in 245-million-year-old marine reptile suggested by bone pathologies. R\u00a0Soc open sci. 2018;5(6):180225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.180225.","journal-title":"R Soc open sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3426","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003426","volume":"3","author":"I Hershkovitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hershkovitz\u00a0I, Donoghue\u00a0DH, Minnikin\u00a0DE, Besra\u00a0GS, Lee\u00a0OY, Gernaey\u00a0AM, et al. Detection and molecular characterization of 9,000-year-old mycobacterium tuberculosis from a\u00a0neolithic settlement in the eastern mediterranean. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(10):e3426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0003426.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330510411","volume":"51","author":"DJ Ortner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ortner\u00a0DJ. Disease and mortality in the early bronze age people of Bab edh-Dhra, Jordan. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1979;51(4):589\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330510411.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.011","volume":"95","author":"AM P\u00f3sa","year":"2015","unstructured":"P\u00f3sa\u00a0AM, Maixner\u00a0F, Mende\u00a0BG, K\u00f6hler\u00a0K, Oszt\u00e1s\u00a0A, Sola\u00a0C, et al. Tuberculosis in late neolithic-early copper age human skeletal remains from Hungary. Tuberculosis. 2015;95(Suppl 1):S18\u2013S22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.011.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2017_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.017","volume":"95","author":"M Teschler-Nicola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teschler-Nicola\u00a0M, Novotny\u00a0F, Spannagl-Steiner\u00a0M, Stadler\u00a0P, Prohaska\u00a0T, Irrgeher\u00a0J, et al. The early mediaeval manorial estate of Gars\/Thunau, lower Austria: an enclave of endemic tuberculosis? Tuberculosis. 2015;95(Suppl 1):S51\u2013S9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tube.2015.02.017.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2017_CR6","volume-title":"The bioarchaeology of tuberculosis: a global view on a\u00a0reemerging disease","author":"Ch Roberts","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roberts\u00a0Ch, Buikstra\u00a0J. The bioarchaeology of tuberculosis: a global view on a\u00a0reemerging disease. 1st\u00a0ed. : University Press of Florida; 2003.","edition":"1"},{"key":"2017_CR7","volume-title":"Tuberculosis factsheet","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Tuberculosis factsheet. Geneva: WHO; 2010."},{"key":"2017_CR8","volume-title":"Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control An agency of the European Union","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control An agency of the European Union. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe. 2018. data 2016."},{"issue":"5","key":"2017_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.04.012","volume":"53","author":"S Gursu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gursu\u00a0S, Yildirim\u00a0T, Ucpinar\u00a0H, Sofu\u00a0H, Camurcu\u00a0Y, Sahin\u00a0V, et al. Long-term follow-up results of foot and ankle tuberculosis in Turkey. J\u00a0Foot Ankle Surg. 2014;53(5):557\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.04.012.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2017_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2013.07.006","volume":"65","author":"M Rubini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rubini\u00a0M, Zaio\u00a0P, Roberts\u00a0CH. Tuberculosis and leprosy in Italy: new skeletal evidence. Homo. 2014;65(1):13\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchb.2013.07.006.","journal-title":"Homo"},{"key":"2017_CR11","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2021. https:\/\/covid19.who.int11. accessed August 27nd, 2021."},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199602000-00019","volume":"78","author":"HG Watts","year":"1996","unstructured":"Watts\u00a0HG, Lifeso\u00a0RM. Tuberculosis of bones and joints. J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78(2):288\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199602000-00019.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2017_CR13","first-page":"104","volume":"17","author":"J Deutschmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deutschmann\u00a0J, Patsch\u00a0J, Valentinitsch\u00a0A, Pietschmann\u00a0P, Varga\u00a0P, Dall\u2019Ara\u00a0E, et al. Research Network Osteology Vienna: Hochaufl\u00f6sende und Mikro-Computertomographie in der Wiener Osteologie. J\u00a0Mineralstoffwech. 2010;17(3):104\u20139.","journal-title":"J Mineralstoffwech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2017_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00100","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00100-19","volume":"33","author":"SB Sable","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sable\u00a0SB, Posey\u00a0JE, Scriba\u00a0TJ. Tuberculosis vaccine development: progress in clinical evaluation. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;33(1):e100\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CMR.00100-19.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00021-14","volume":"78","author":"TR Hawn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawn\u00a0TR, Day\u00a0TA, Scriba\u00a0TJ, Hatherill\u00a0M, Hanekom\u00a0WA, Evans\u00a0TG, et\u00a0al. Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2014;78(4):650\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00021-14.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2017_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22318","volume":"31","author":"J Zupan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zupan\u00a0J, van\u2019t Hof\u00a0RJ, Vindi\u0161ar\u00a0F, Haring\u00a0G, Treb\u0161e\u00a0R, Komadina\u00a0R, et al. Osteoarthritic versus osteoporotic bone and intra-skeletal variations in normal bone: evaluation with \u00b5CT and bone histomorphometry. J\u00a0Orthop Res. 2013;31(7):1059\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.22318.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.1111","volume":"21","author":"AD Wade","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wade\u00a0AD, Holdsworth\u00a0DW, Garvin\u00a0GJ. CT and micro-CT analysis of a\u00a0case of Paget\u2019s disease (osteitis deformans) in the Grant skeletal collection. Int J Osteoarch. 2009;21(2):127\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarch"},{"key":"2017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2006.11.002","volume":"58","author":"G Kuhn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuhn\u00a0G, Schultz\u00a0M, M\u00fcller\u00a0R, R\u00fchli\u00a0FJ. Diagnostic value of micro-CT in comparison with histology in the qualitative assessment of historical human postcranial bone pathologies. Homo. 2007;58:97\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchb.2006.11.002.","journal-title":"Homo"},{"key":"2017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20003","volume":"117","author":"FJ R\u00fchli","year":"2002","unstructured":"R\u00fchli\u00a0FJ, Hodler\u00a0J, B\u00f6ni\u00a0T. Technical note: CT-guided biopsy: a\u00a0new diagnostic method for paleopathological research: technical note. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2002;117:272\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.20003.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20611","volume":"133","author":"FJ R\u00fchli","year":"2007","unstructured":"R\u00fchli\u00a0FJ, Kuhn\u00a0G, Evison\u00a0R, M\u00fcller\u00a0R, Schultz\u00a0M. Diagnostic value of micro-CT in comparison with histology in the qualitative assessment of historical human skull bone pathologies. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2007;133(4):1099\u2013111.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2017_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.636","volume":"12","author":"FJ R\u00fchli","year":"2002","unstructured":"R\u00fchli\u00a0FJ, Lanz\u00a0C, Ulrich-Bochsler\u00a0S, Alt\u00a0KW. State-of-the-art imaging in palaeopathology: the value of multi-slice computed tomography in visualizing doubtful cranial lesions. Int J Osteoarch. 2002;12:372\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Osteoarch"},{"issue":"1","key":"2017_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00539-8","volume":"105","author":"E Nebot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nebot\u00a0E, Heimel\u00a0P, Tangl\u00a0S, Dockner\u00a0M, Patsch\u00a0J, Weber\u00a0GW, et\u00a0al. Paget\u2019s disease of long bones: microstructural analyses of historical bone samples. Calcif Tissue Int. 2019;105(1):15\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-019-00539-8.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2017_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2203-8","volume":"44","author":"C Lamm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamm\u00a0C, Dockner\u00a0M, Pospischek\u00a0B, Winter\u00a0E, Patzak\u00a0B, Pretterklieber\u00a0M, et al. Micro-CT analyses of historical bone samples presenting with osteomyelitis. Skelet Radiol. 2015;44(10):1507\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-015-2203-8.","journal-title":"Skelet Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617","volume":"2","author":"AM Parfitt","year":"1987","unstructured":"Parfitt\u00a0AM, Drezner\u00a0MK, Glorieux\u00a0FH, Kanis\u00a0JA, Malluche\u00a0H, Meunier\u00a0PJ, et\u00a0al. Bone histomorphometry: standardization of nomenclature, symbols, and units: Report of the ASBMR histomorphometry nomenclature committee. J\u00a0Bone Miner Res. 1987;2(6):595\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650020617.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2017_CR25","volume-title":"Identification of pathological conditions in human sceletal remains","author":"DJ Ortner","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ortner\u00a0DJ, Putschar\u00a0WGJ. Identification of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press; 1981."},{"key":"2017_CR26","series-title":"Handbuch der Tuberkulose","first-page":"442","volume-title":"Skelettuberkulose: Mit einen Beitrag \u00fcber allgemeine, Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie der Skeletttuberkulose","author":"J Kastert","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kastert\u00a0J, Uehlinger\u00a0E. Skelettuberkulose: Mit einen Beitrag \u00fcber allgemeine, Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie der Skeletttuberkulose. Handbuch der Tuberkulose, Vol. 4. Stuttgart: Thieme; 1964. pp.\u00a0442\u2013532."},{"issue":"3","key":"2017_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22137","volume":"149","author":"N Nicklisch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nicklisch\u00a0N, Maixner\u00a0F, Ganslmeier\u00a0R, Friederich\u00a0S, Dresely\u00a0V, Meller\u00a0H, et\u00a0al. Rib lesions in skeletons from early neolithic sites in Central Germany: on the trail of tuberculosis at the onset of agriculture. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012;149(3):391\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.22137.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2017_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1054\/tuld.1998.0005","volume":"79","author":"CA Roberts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roberts\u00a0CA, Boylston\u00a0A, Buckley\u00a0L, Chamberlain\u00a0AC, Murphy\u00a0EM. Rib lesions and tuberculosis:the palaeopathological evidence. Tuber Lung Dis. 1998;79(1):55\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/tuld.1998.0005.","journal-title":"Tuber Lung Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2017_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330950205","volume":"95","author":"C Roberts","year":"1994","unstructured":"Roberts\u00a0C, Lucy\u00a0D, Manchester\u00a0K. Inflammatory lesions of ribs: an analysis of the Terry Collection. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994;95(2):169\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330950205.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2017_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330650407","volume":"65","author":"MA Kelley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kelley\u00a0MA, Micozzi\u00a0MS. Rib lesions in chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1984;65(4):381\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330650407.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00318.x","volume":"47","author":"H Hotokezaka","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hotokezaka\u00a0H, Kitamura\u00a0A, Matsumoto\u00a0S, Hanazawa\u00a0S, Amano\u00a0S, Yamada\u00a0T. Internalization of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-gu\u00e9rin into osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1\u00a0cells and bone resorptive responses of the cells against the infection. Scand J Immunol. 1998;47(5):453\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00318.x.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8903","volume":"20","author":"W Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu\u00a0W, Zhou\u00a0J, Niu\u00a0F, Pu\u00a0F, Wang\u00a0Z, Huang\u00a0M, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection increases the number of osteoclasts and inhibits osteoclast apoptosis by regulating TNF-\u03b1-mediated osteoclast autophagy. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(3):1889\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2020.8903.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2017_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535194","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1535194","volume":"22","author":"W Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li\u00a0W, Deng\u00a0W, Xie\u00a0J. The biology and role of interleukin-32 in tuberculosis. J\u00a0Immunol Res. 2018;22:1535194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/1535194.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2017_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e20","volume":"18","author":"OC Kwon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwon\u00a0OC, Kim\u00a0S, Hong\u00a0S, Lee\u00a0CK, Yoo\u00a0B, Chang\u00a0EJ, et al. Role of IL-32 gamma on bone metabolism in autoimmune arthritis. Immune Netw. 2018;18(3):e20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4110\/in.2018.18.e20.","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"2017_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2336-6","volume":"4","author":"S Rajasekaran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rajasekaran\u00a0S. Natural history of Pott\u2019s kyphosis. Eur Spine\u00a0J. 2013;4:634\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-012-2336-6.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2017_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1293491","volume":"15","author":"SN Shikhare","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shikhare\u00a0SN, Singh\u00a0DR, Shimpi\u00a0TR, Peh\u00a0WCG. Tuberculous osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2011;15:446\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1293491.","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2017_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2012\/4618.2552","volume":"6","author":"PS Gehlot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gehlot\u00a0PS, Chaturvedi\u00a0S, Kashyap\u00a0R, Singh\u00a0V. Pott\u2019s spine: retrospective analysis of MRI scans of 70 cases. J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res. 2012;6(9):1534\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2012\/4618.2552.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"2017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.75459","volume":"2","author":"M Benzagmout","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benzagmout\u00a0M, Boujraf\u00a0S, Chakour\u00a0K, Chaoui\u00a0MF. Pott\u2019s disease in children. Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2152-7806.75459.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"2017_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2005.09.017","volume":"10","author":"B Rotschild","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rotschild\u00a0B, Naples\u00a0V, Barbian\u00a0L. Bone manifestations of actinomycosis. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2006;10:24\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2017_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1127\/0003-5548\/2014\/0365","volume":"71","author":"BM Rothschild","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rothschild\u00a0BM, Ho\u00a0J, Masharawi\u00a0Y. Macroscopic anatomy of the vertebral endplate: quid significat? Anthropol Anz. 2014;71(3):191\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1127\/0003-5548\/2014\/0365.","journal-title":"Anthropol Anz"},{"key":"2017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpp.2019.12.009","volume":"30","author":"D Schamall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schamall\u00a0D, Nebot Valenzuela\u00a0E, Pietschmann\u00a0P, Tangl\u00a0S, Edelmayer\u00a0M, Dobsak\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. Microstructural analysis of bony alterations in a historic case of actinomycosis. Int J Paleopathol. 2019;30:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpp.2019.12.009.","journal-title":"Int J Paleopathol"},{"key":"2017_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-021-01832-z","author":"S Fraberger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fraberger\u00a0S, Dockner\u00a0M, Winter\u00a0E, Pretterklieber\u00a0M, Weber\u00a0GW, Teschler-Nicola\u00a0M, et al. Micro CT evaluation of historical human skulls presenting signs of syphilis infection. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-021-01832-z.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2017_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-1-83","volume":"1","author":"L Bachmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bachmann\u00a0L, D\u00e4ubl\u00a0B, Lindqvist\u00a0Ch, Kruckenhauser\u00a0L, Teschler-Nicola\u00a0M, Haring\u00a0E. PCR diagnostics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in historic human long bone remains from 18th century burials in Kaiserebersdorf, Austria. BMC Res Notes. 2008;1:83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-1-83.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"}],"container-title":["Wiener klinische Wochenschrift"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-022-02017-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00508-022-02017-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00508-022-02017-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,21]],"date-time":"2022-06-21T12:31:15Z","timestamp":1655814675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00508-022-02017-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11-12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-022-02017-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5325","1613-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5325","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-7671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"G.\u00a0Vekszler, M.\u00a0Granner, E.\u00a0Nebot Valenzuela, E.\u00a0Winter, M.\u00a0Dockner, G.W.\u00a0Weber, M.\u00a0Pretterklieber, M.\u00a0Teschler-Nicola and P.\u00a0Pietschmann declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical University of Vienna (EK Nr:1080\/2015). The control bones provided by the Division of Anatomy were obtained from voluntary body donors who gave permission for the use of their remnants for teaching and research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}